ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY 1) 1) ELECTRICITY AND MATTER. ELECTRICITY AND MATTER. 1.1. Conductor and insulators 1.2. How to obtain electricity 1.3. The transport of electric energy 1.4. Effects of electric current 2) 2) Electric quantities Electric quantities 2,1. Electric current 2.2. Voltage 2.3. Resistance. 3) 3) Ohm's law Ohm's law 4) 4) Electric circuits Electric circuits 4.1. Components of an electric circuit 4.2. Representation and symbols. 5) 5) Types of circuits. Types of circuits. 5.1. Series circuits 5.2. Parallel circuits 5.3. Series-parallel combination circuits IES Río Cabe Covadonga Yugueros Valbuena
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ELECTRICITYELECTRICITY1)1)ELECTRICITY AND MATTER.ELECTRICITY AND MATTER.
1.1. Conductor and insulators1.2. How to obtain electricity1.3. The transport of electric energy1.4. Effects of electric current
2)2)Electric quantitiesElectric quantities 2,1. Electric current2.2. Voltage2.3. Resistance.
3)3) Ohm's lawOhm's law4)4)Electric circuits Electric circuits
4.1. Components of an electric circuit4.2. Representation and symbols.
5)5)Types of circuits. Types of circuits. 5.1. Series circuits5.2. Parallel circuits5.3. Series-parallel combination circuits
IES Río CabeCovadonga Yugueros
Valbuena
There are lots of different ways to connect components in a circuit
The most common connections:
5. Types of circuits5. Types of circuits
ParallelParallel circuitscircuitsSeries Series circuitscircuits
5,1. Series circuits5,1. Series circuits
Components are placed one after the other in the circuit. There is only one possible path for the electric current to flow through
+ -
Series Series circuitscircuits
The same currentcurrent flows through all the components
RR11
RR22
RR33 RRtotaltotal = = RR11 + + RR22 + + RR33
The voltage of the battery is the sum of the voltages of all the receptors in the circuit.:
Example of a series circuit:Example of a series circuit:
R1
50 Ω 100 Ω
+
R2
30 Ω
9V
a RRtotaltotal = = RR11 + + RR22 + + RR33
VV11 = R = R11 * I * I
b IItotaltotal = V = VTotalTotal / /RRTotalTotal Ohm's lawOhm's law
In a series circuit the current is the same in all elements.
cOhm's law in each component
VV22 = R = R22 * I * I
5,2. 5,2. ParallelParallel circuitcircuit
The components are connected on different branches of the wire.There are several possible paths for the electric current to flow through
+
- +
Diagram
Parallel circuitParallel circuit
The intensityintensity is shared by all the possible paths
IItotaltotal = = II11 + + II22
The current will be higher
As lower be the resistanceresistance
10 Ω 5 Ω
IItotaltotal
II11
II22
II11
II22
IItotaltotal
+
Total current is the sum of the intensity in each branch
IItotaltotal = I = I11 + I + I22 + I + I33
Parallel circuitsParallel circuits
We can calculate the total resistanceresistance using this formula
Voltage is the same in each branch
VVtotaltotal = = VV11 = = VV22
+
Vtotal
Vtotal V
1 V2
11RRtotaltotal
= 11RR11
11RR22
+ 11RR33
+
R1
R2
100 Ω
100 Ω
9 V+
11
RRtottot =11RR11
11RR22 +
11RRtottot
= 11100100
+ 11100100
= 22100100
11RRtottot =
115050 RRtottot = 5050ΩΩ
Parallel circuitsParallel circuits
If one of the components in parallel stops working, the rest continue to work because the electric current takes another path.
Batteries en parallel:Batteries en parallel: Poles of the same sign are joined together. These batteries must have the same voltage, and the circuit is equivalent to having another battery of the same voltage but longer.
+
9 V
+
9 V
+9 V
1,5V
+
+
1,5V
+
1,5 V1,5 V
Parallel circuitsParallel circuits
If a wire is in parallel with a receptor, this will not work, because the current will choose the path that less work required.
This is a short circuitshort circuit
+
+
Lamp is in a short circuitLamp is in a short circuit
Practice 2 Practice 2 ParallelParallel Circuit Circuit
Practice 1 Practice 1 PParallel arallel CircuitCircuit