COMPONENT SYMBOL PICTURE/ DRAWING DESCRIPTION Wire T o conduct or pass current from one part of a circuit to another. Connected Wires help to transmit current to other paths SPST Toggle Switch Disconnects current when open SPDT Toggle Switch Selects between two connections Pushbutton Switch (N.O) Momentary switch - normally open Pushbutton Switch (N.C) Momentary switch - normally closed DIP Switch DIP switch is used for onboard configuration SPST Relay Relay open / close connection by an electromagnet SPDT Relay Relay open / close connection by an electromagnet
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COMPONENT SYMBOL PICTURE/
DRAWINGDESCRIPTION
Wire To conduct or pass current from one part of a circuit to another.
Connected Wires
help to transmit current to other paths
SPST Toggle Switch
Disconnects current when open
SPDT Toggle Switch
Selects between two connections
Pushbutton Switch (N.O)
Momentary switch - normally open
Pushbutton Switch (N.C)
Momentary switch - normally closed
DIP SwitchDIP switch is used for onboard configuration
SPST RelayRelay open / close connection by an
electromagnet
SPDT RelayRelay open / close connection by an
electromagnet
JumperClose connection by jumper insertion on
pins.
COMPONENT SYMBOL PICTURE/ DRAWING
DESCRIPTION
Solder BridgeSolder to close
connection
Earth Ground
Used for zero potential reference and electrical shock
protection.
Chassis GroundConnected to the
chassis of the circuit
Fuse
A safety device, which will 'blow' or melt if the current flowing through itexceeds a
specified value.
Resistor (IEEE)Resistor reduces the
current flow.
Resistor (IEC)Resistor reduces the
current flow.
Potentiometer (IEEE)
Adjustable resistor - has 3 terminals
Potentiometer (IEC)
Adjustable resistor - has 3 terminals
Variable Resistor / Rheostat (IEEE)
Adjustable resistor - has 2 terminals.
Variable Resistor / Rheostat (IEC)
Adjustable resistor - has 2 terminals.
COMPONENT SYMBOL PICTURE/ DRAWING
DESCRIPTION
Trimmer Resistor Preset resistor
Thermistor
Thermal resistor - change resistance when temperature
changes
Photo resistor / Light dependent
resistor (LDR)
Photo-resistor - change resistance with light intensity
change
CapacitorCapacitor is used to
store electric charge. It acts as short circuit
with AC and open circuit with DC.
Capacitor
Capacitor is used to store electric charge. It acts as short circuit
with AC and open circuit with DC.
Polarized Capacitor
Electrolytic capacitor
Polarized Capacitor
Electrolytic capacitor
Variable CapacitorAdjustable
capacitance
InductorCoil / solenoid that
generates magnetic field
Iron Core Inductor Includes iron
COMPONENT SYMBOL PICTURE/ DRAWING
DESCRIPTION
Variable Inductor A coil whose effective inductancecan be
changed.
Voltage SourceGenerates constant
voltage
Current SourceGenerates constant
current.
AC Voltage Source AC voltage source
Generator
Electrical voltage is generated by
mechanical rotation of the generator
CellGenerates constant
voltage
BatteryGenerates constant
voltage
Controlled Voltage Source
Generates voltage as a function of voltage or current of other
circuit element.
Controlled Current Source
Generates current as a function of voltage or current of other
circuit element.
VoltmeterMeasures voltage. Has very high resistance. Connected in parallel.
COMPONENT SYMBOL PICTURE/ DRAWING
DESCRIPTION
Ammeter
Measures electric current. Has near zero resistance. Connected
serially.
Ohmmeter Measures resistance
WattmeterMeasures electric
power
Lamp / light bulbGenerates light when current flows through
Lamp / light bulbGenerates light when current flows through
Lamp / light bulbGenerates light when current flows through
Diode
Diode allows current flow in one direction only - left (anode) to
right (cathode).
Zener Diode
Allows current flow in one direction, but also
can flow in the reverse direction
when above breakdown voltage
Schottky DiodeSchottky diode is a
diode with low voltage drop
Varactor / Varicap Diode
Variable capacitance diode
COMPONENT SYMBOL PICTURE/ DRAWING
DESCRIPTION
Tunnel Diode
used for amplifying, switching, and
computer information storage and as an
oscillator
Light Emitting Diode (LED)
LED emits light when current flows through
PhotodiodePhotodiode allows current flow when exposed to light
NPN Bipolar Transistor
Allows current flow when high potential at
base (middle)
PNP Bipolar Transistor
Allows current flow when low potential at
base (middle)
Darlington Transistor
Made from 2 bipolar transistors. Has total gain of the product of
each gain.
JFET-N TransistorN-channel field effect
transistor
JFET-P TransistorP-channel field effect
transistor
NMOS TransistorN-channel MOSFET
transistor
PMOS TransistorP-channel MOSFET
transistor
COMPONENT SYMBOL PICTURE/ DRAWING
DESCRIPTION
Motor Electric motor
TransformerChange AC voltage from high to low or
low to high.
Electric bell Rings when activated
BuzzerProduce buzzing
sound
Fuse
The fuse disconnects when current above threshold. Used to protect circuit from
high currents.
Fuse
The fuse disconnects when current above threshold. Used to protect circuit from
high currents.
Step Up Transformer
The no. of turns in secondary winding is
more than that of primary winding.
Step Down Transformer
The no. of turns in secondary winding is
less than that of primary winding.
Crystal Oscillator
Used to generate clock signal of very precise frequency.
Optocoupler / Opto-isolator
Optocoupler isolates connection to other
board
COMPONENT SYMBOL PICTURE/ DRAWING
DESCRIPTION
LoudspeakerConverts electrical
signal to sound waves
MicrophoneConverts sound waves
to electrical signal
Operational Amplifier
Amplify input signal
Schmitt TriggerOperates with
hysteresis to reduce noise.
Analog-to-digital converter (ADC)
Converts analog signal to digital
numbers
Digital-to-Analog converter (DAC)
Converts digital numbers to analog
signal
Crystal OscillatorUsed to generate precise frequency
clock signal
Antenna / aerial
Transmits & receives radio waves
Antenna / aerial
Transmits & receives radio waves
Dipole AntennaTwo wires simple
antenna
COMPONENT SYMBOL PICTURE/ DRAWING
DESCRIPTION
NOT Gate (Inverter)
Outputs 1 when input is 0
AND GateOutputs 1 when both
inputs are 1.
NAND GateOutputs 0 when both inputs are 1. (NOT +
AND)
OR GateOutputs 1 when any
input is 1.
NOR GateOutputs 0 when any
input is 1. (NOT + OR)
XOR GateOutputs 1 when
inputs are different. (Exclusive OR)
D Flip-Flop Stores one bit of data
Multiplexer / Mux 2 to 1
Connects the output to selected input line.
Multiplexer / Mux 4 to 1
Connects the output to selected input line.
Demultiplexer / Demux 1 to 4
Connects selected output to the input
line.
COMPONENT SYMBOL PICTURE/ DRAWING
DESCRIPTION
Electric generatorElectrical voltage is
generated by mechanical rotation of
the generator
Unjoined wiresThis can only be shown by
bridging them or by drawing them without blobs. But bridging is
commonly practised as there will not arise any
confusion.
DC SupplyUsed as a DC power supply, that is, the
current will always flow in one direction.
AC SupplyUsed as AC power supply, that is, the current will keep
Loop AntennaA loop antenna is a radio antenna consisting of a loop (or loops) of wire, tubing, or other electrical conductor with its ends connected to a balanced transmission line.
Circuit BreakerA circuit breaker is an
automatically operated electrical switch designed
to protect an electrical circuit from damage
caused by overload or short circuit.
Explosive SquibExplosive squib is often
used on stage and film to
trigger various special
effects.
OscillatorProduces a repetitive
electronic signal, often a sine wave or a square
wave.
COMPONENT SYMBOL PICTURE/ DRAWING
DESCRIPTION
Memristorused in signal processing,
logic/computation, non-volatile memory
etc.
Electrolytic Capacitor
Almost all electrolytic capacitors are
polarized and hence used in DC circuits
Feed through Capacitor
They provide low impedance path to
ground for high frequency signals
Ferrite Core Inductors
These are mostly used to suppress the interference of
electromagnetic waves.
Thyristor
It consists of four layers of alternating P and N materials. They
act as bistable switches and are used in circuits where high voltages and currents
are involved.
Laser DiodeThe laser diode is
similar to light emitting diode.
Photo DarlingtonPhoto Darlington Transistor is similar to phototransistor with very high gain and sensitivity
BufferIt is an audio signaling
device. Generally used in alarms, timers and for confirmation
messages.
Tri-State BufferSimilar to a normal buffer but with a
control signal
Flip FlopFlip flop is the also a memory element but this is a synchronous