El Pretérito los apuntes de clase los apuntes de clase
Jan 22, 2016
El Pretérito
los apuntes de claselos apuntes de clase
In Spanish, there are two past tenses – the In Spanish, there are two past tenses – the PRETERITEPRETERITE and the and the IMPERFECTIMPERFECT..
The The PRETERITEPRETERITE tense is used to show tense is used to show completed past actioncompleted past action..
The The IMPERFECTIMPERFECT tense is used to show tense is used to show habitual or descriptive past actionhabitual or descriptive past action..
I. AR VERBS
A. The endings for REGULAR –AR verbs are:A. The endings for REGULAR –AR verbs are:
nosotros (as) nosotros (as) amosamos
yo yo éé
ellos, ellas, Uds. ellos, ellas, Uds. aronaronél, ella, Ud. él, ella, Ud. óó
vosotros (as) vosotros (as) asteisasteistú tú asteaste
Conjugate the verb BAILARin the preterite tense
ellos, ellas, Uds.ellos, ellas, Uds.
bailbailaronaronél, ella, Ud.él, ella, Ud.
bailbailóó
vosotros (as)vosotros (as)
bailbailasteisasteistútú
bailbailasteaste
nosotros (as)nosotros (as)
bailbailamosamosyoyo
bailbailéé
Translations of the preterite tense Bailé con María anoche.Bailé con María anoche.
I danced with Maria last night.I danced with Maria last night.
OROR I did dance with Maria last night.I did dance with Maria last night.
B. Spelling changes in –AR verbs
• CertainCertain –AR verbs will have a –AR verbs will have a SPELLING changeSPELLING change
in the in the YOYO form form ONLYONLY. . • The rest of the conjugation follows the pattern for the The rest of the conjugation follows the pattern for the
preterite tense. preterite tense.
• The following -AR verbs will change in The following -AR verbs will change in YOYO.. -CAR (buscar, sacar,….)-CAR (buscar, sacar,….) -GAR-GAR (llegar, jugar,…) (llegar, jugar,…) -ZAR (empezar, almorzar, …) -ZAR (empezar, almorzar, …)
-CAR verbs change to –qué.Conjugate the verb BUSCAR.
ellos, ellas, Uds.ellos, ellas, Uds.
buscbuscaronaronél, ella, Ud.él, ella, Ud.
buscbuscóó
vosotros (as)vosotros (as)
buscbuscasteisasteistútú
buscbuscasteaste
nosotros (as)nosotros (as)
buscbuscamosamosyoyo
busbusquéqué
-GAR verbs change to –gué.Conjugate the verb JUGAR.
ellos,ellas,Uds.ellos,ellas,Uds.
jugjugaronaronél,ella,Ud.él,ella,Ud.
jugjugóó
vosotros (as)vosotros (as)
jugjugasteisasteistútú
jugjugasteaste
nosotros (as)nosotros (as)
jugjugamosamosyoyo
jugjuguuéé
ZAR verbs change to –cé.Conjugate the verb EMPEZAR.
ellos, ellas, Uds.ellos, ellas, Uds.
empezempezaronaronél, ella, Ud.él, ella, Ud.
empezempezóó
vosotros (as)vosotros (as)
empezempezasteisasteistútú
empezempezasteaste
nosotros (as)nosotros (as)
empezempezamosamosyoyo
empeempecécé
C. Stem changes in –AR verbs
There are There are NONO stem changes for –AR verbs stem changes for –AR verbs in the preterite tense.in the preterite tense.
II. -ER & -IR VERBS
A. The endings for REGULAR –ER & -IR verbs are:A. The endings for REGULAR –ER & -IR verbs are:
nosotros (as) nosotros (as) imosimos
yo yo íí
ellos, ellas, Uds. ellos, ellas, Uds.
ieronieronél, ella, Ud. él, ella, Ud. ióió
vosotros (as) vosotros (as) isteisisteistú tú isteiste
Conjugate the verb COMER.
ellos,ellas,Uds.ellos,ellas,Uds.
comcomieronieronél,ella,Ud.él,ella,Ud.
comcomióió
vosotros (as)vosotros (as)
comcomisteisisteistútú
comcomisteiste
nosotros (as)nosotros (as)
comcomimosimosyoyo
comcomíí
Conjugate the verb SALIR.
ellos,ellas,Uds.ellos,ellas,Uds.
salsalieronieronél,ella,Ud.él,ella,Ud.
salsalióió
vosotros (as)vosotros (as)
salsalisteisisteistútú
salsalisteiste
nosotros (as)nosotros (as)
salsalimosimosyoyo
salsalíí
B. Spelling changes in –ER & -IR verbs
• CertainCertain –ER & -IR verbs will have a –ER & -IR verbs will have a SPELLING changeSPELLING change
in the in the 33rdrd person singular & plural person singular & plural forms forms ONLYONLY. . The spelling change is I to Y The spelling change is I to Y (generally when the I is (generally when the I is between two vowels)between two vowels)
• The rest of the conjugation follows the pattern for the The rest of the conjugation follows the pattern for the preterite tense. preterite tense.
• The following -ER & -IR verbs will change:The following -ER & -IR verbs will change:• leer, creer, caer, oír.leer, creer, caer, oír.
Conjugate the verb LEER.
ellos,ellas,Uds.ellos,ellas,Uds.
leleyyeroneronél,ella,Ud.él,ella,Ud.
leleyyóó
vosotros (as)vosotros (as)
leleísteisísteistútú
leleísteíste
nosotros (as)nosotros (as)
leleímosímosyoyo
leleíí
Conjugate the verb oír.
ellos,ellas,Uds.ellos,ellas,Uds.
ooyyeroneronél,ella,Ud.él,ella,Ud.
ooyyóó
vosotros (as)vosotros (as)
ooísteisísteistútú
ooísteíste
nosotros (as)nosotros (as)
ooímosímosyoyo
ooíí
Note the additional accent marks placed on Note the additional accent marks placed on the the tú, nosotros, tú, nosotros, andand vosotros vosotros forms over forms over the vowel the vowel II. The accent mark is needed in . The accent mark is needed in order to divide the diphthong. order to divide the diphthong.
C. Stem changes in –ER & -IR verbs
There are There are NONO stem changes in –ER verbs but, stem changes in –ER verbs but,certain -IR verbs certain -IR verbs DODO have stem changes if the have stem changes if theverb stem changes in the present indicative.verb stem changes in the present indicative.
The stem change The stem change ONLYONLY occurs in the 3 occurs in the 3rdrd person singular and person singular and plural forms.plural forms.
The stem changes are:The stem changes are:EE to to IIOO to to UU
Conjugate the verb PEDIR.
ellos,ellas,Uds.ellos,ellas,Uds.
ppiiddieronieronél,ella,Ud.él,ella,Ud.
ppiiddióió
vosotros (as)vosotros (as)
pedpedisteisisteistútú
pedpedisteiste
nosotros (as)nosotros (as)
pedpedimosimosyoyo
pedpedíí
Conjugate the verb DORMIR.
ellos,ellas,Uds.ellos,ellas,Uds.
dduurmrmieronieronél,ella,Ud.él,ella,Ud.
dduurmrmióió
vosotros (as)vosotros (as)
dormdormisteisisteistútú
dormdormisteiste
nosotros (as)nosotros (as)
dormdormimosimosyoyo
dormdormíí
The requirements to have a stem change in The requirements to have a stem change in the preterite tense are:the preterite tense are:
1. Must be an –IR infinitive.1. Must be an –IR infinitive. 2. Must have a stem change in the present 2. Must have a stem change in the present
indicative.indicative.