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El bóvido, Bos antiquus de Torralba y Ambrona, Soria

Jul 14, 2015

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Page 1: El bóvido, Bos antiquus de Torralba y Ambrona, Soria

5/13/2018 El bóvido, Bos antiquus de Torralba y Ambrona, Soria - slidepdf.com

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/el-bovido-bos-antiquus-de-torralba-y-ambrona-soria 1/20

 

LMKCYSjOMKJKLJZ rQC^YB@KHBK MH JC QMHbHT]J*Z BIMYBDC R MJ MbZ^KYHK xBMNj^MYYCHMK

@( Tcy}khoc* C( QmymzLkhzcjmz* @( 3( @cdecnk %mnt(" qq( %=9<=>6"( CNM7,Z,BC( TKYjC( 911=

B(T(I(j,Z( 5><4=2=51<

MJ INVBNK %CY^BKNCD^RJC* @C@@CJBC" NMJKT RCDB@BMH^KT NMJ QJMBT^KDMHK @MNBK

NM ^KYYCJIC R CjVBIYKHC %TKYBC* MTQCHC"?

hkv( tq( Ikt ch~bs}}t

^EM IKVBN %CY^BKNCD^RJC* @C@@CJBC"

FYB@ ^EM @BNNJM QJMBT^KDMHM KF

^KYYCJIC CHN C@IYKHC TB^MT %TKYBC*

TQCBH"? hkv( tq( Ikt chbbs}}t

D( F]MH^MT VBNCY^M

M`cbj? dcykjf}my}dtdt}t}cybkt(ym~mdcj(dt

YMT]@M)*

Mh mt~d ~ycicok tm mt~}nbch jkt ikvbnkt %Cy~bkncd~rjc* @c``cjbc" nm jkt rcdb`bmh~kt nm mncn

Qjmbt~kdmhm @mnbd nm ^kyycjic r C`iykhc %Tkybc"( Tm dkyhqcych dch nbvmytkt momyhqjcymt nmIkt qyb bldhb}t nm M}ykqc( hky~m nm Cfybdc r Mtqchc r tm qykqchm Bc dydcdbkh nm }hc h}mvc

mtqddbm* Ikt ch~bs}}t(

C YT^Y(ZD^

Bh ~ebt qcqmy c nmtdybq~bkh bt nkhm kf ~em Ikvbn fyk` ~em @bnnjm Qjmbt~kdmhm tb~mt kf ^kyycbic

chn Cyhiykhc %Tkybc* Tqcbh"( C hm| tqmdbmt bt nmtdybimn? Ikt ch~bs}}t*

QCJZIYCT DJCVM? Ikvbnkt* Ikt ch~bs}}t* Qjmbt~kdmhm `dnbk( Tkybc( Mtqchc(

GMR \KYNT? Ikvbnt* Ikt ch~bs}}t* @bnnjm Qjmbt~kdmhm( Tkybc* Tqcbh(

Page 2: El bóvido, Bos antiquus de Torralba y Ambrona, Soria

5/13/2018 El bóvido, Bos antiquus de Torralba y Ambrona, Soria - slidepdf.com

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3( BbZ^YKN]DDjkH

Jkt rcdb`bmh~kt nm ^kyycjic r Cyhiykhc

%Tkybc" ech qykqkydbkhcnk ect~c cekyc }h mu~mh

tk mtqmd~yk fc}hbt~bdk %Ddyycjik 3212( 32347

Ecyjm 3233* 3239? Ek|mjj m~ cj( O 2697 Cl}byym

B-5627 Cl}byym r F}mh~mt 3262? Ibimytkh m~ cj(32<17 B`qmyc~kyb 32<37 @cn}ylh @cydk 32<4?

Nbmz m~ cj( 325=7 Tmtm 32567 Tchdebz O 223? F}mh

~mt Vbncy~m 3224* W2267 TKWK m~ cj( 911 B" mh dbmy

~k `knk `chbq}jcnk qky jc cddbkh e}` chc r s}m

nm`}mt~yc mj nk`bhbk dctb citkj}~m nm jkt emyib

vkykt nm yhmnbchk r lych ~c`chk fymhym c }h

ly}qk `}r ymn}dbnk nm dcyhbvkymt nm ~cyhchk

`mnbk* nm vmy~miycnkt nm qds}mybk ~c`cfbk r nm

bhvmy~diycnkt(

Mh~ym jkt emyibvkymt( jkt ymt~kt nm jkt Ikvb

nkt td ecibch djcubfbdcnk mh qybhdbqbk dk`k qmy

~dhddbmhbdt c jc mtqmdbm Ikt q yb`+ lm hb }t Iko ((

c}hs}m t}t qykqkydbkhmt r t} jcjjc mt~cich `ct

qykub`ct c jct nmj lych Ikvbnk nm jct ~dyyczct

`mnbct nm ^byctqkj s}m cjc mtqmdbm db~cnc %Cl}b

yym r F}mh~mt 3262"( yczkh qky jc s}m hkt qykq}

tbjjjkt jc ymvbtbkh nmj `c~mybcj mu~ycfnk mh jc

mudcvcdbkh nm Ek|mjj 326964 r t} dk`qcycdbkh

dkh ~knk mj `c~m ybc j q ktbi jm nm Ikt qyb blmhb}t

nm M}ykqc r hky~m nm Cfybdc( mh }h bh~mhyk nm

mtdjcymdmy nm fbh b~bvc` my}m dj qykijm`c( dkh

ymt}j~cnkt s}m dkhtbnmyc`kt t}fbdbmh~myhmh~m

tblhbfbdc~bvkt %`kyfkj6lbdkt r ibkyhm~ybdkt"

dk`k qcyc qykqkhmy jc dymcdbkh nm }hc h}mvc

mtqddbm(

9( xe^MYBCJ r x]x^KNKT

Jkt rcdb`bdh~kt hk ~bmhdh jc `bt`c dncn r

qky 31 ~ ch ~k hk dkht~b~}rmh }hc } h bd c F ky yh cd bk h

mt~yc~blycfbdc %QmymzLkhzcjmz m~ cj( 322<" qmyk c

dfDDBKT nmj dt~}nbk m`qymhnbnk ed`kt dkhtbnmyc

nk y y} bt d kh vm hbm yh m } ~bjbz cy jc h k~c dbk h ^ ky yc ji c

Cyhiykhc qcyc tbl hbfbdc y jc bn dh ~bn cn nm fc}hc

s}m cqcymdm mh jkt `btyhkt*Tbh m`icylk* jkt ymt~kt Bktb-

jmt mt~}nbcnkt cqcymddh dkh

hk~cdbkhmt nbfmymh~mt( qcyc

^kyycjic td ec }~bjbzcnk Bc

jm~yc S r }h y}b`myk nm

Fbl}yc 3( Fycl`mh~ 1 nm dybhdk r

ct~ct nm fjk7 chhsh}* mh xj rcd

`bdhyk nm Cyhiykhc ( ( ~**7,ffb T^M 5c(

9T(

Fbl}j,c 3( Qcy~bcj tg}jj chn ekyh

dkym kf hk § chhs}ht* CZfI T^M Tc

95( Cyhiykhc tb~m(

kynmh ~cj r dk`k td tbljk kyblbhcj `mh~m mj rcdb

`bmyhk mh mj bv#(H(D(H( nm @cnybn %345 ymt~kt"*

`bmh~yct s}m qcyc C`iykhc tm ec }tcnk jc hk~c

dbkh ncnc mh mj qykqbk rcdbyhbmh~k n}ych~m jc

mudcvcdbybh %24 ymt~kt"(

Jkt ymt~kt fktbjmt nm jc mudcvcdbkh Ek|mjj

326964 tm mhd}mh~ych nmqktbbcnkt mh dj @}tdk

H}yhch~ bhk nm Tkybc rmh qcy~m mt~ch duq}mt~kt cj

q}ijbdk(

J3T yhmnbnct nmj dychmk r jct ct~cu tm ictch

mh jct ncnct qky Jc Ic}`m %3212"7 jc hk`mhdjc

~}yc nmh~cybc }~bjbzcnc dt jc ncnc qky Embh~z

%B %<1"? jct `mnbnct nmj mts}mjm~k qkt~dychmchk

tkh jct qykq}dtyct qky Tdemy~z %3246"* Nk~~ymht

%32><" r @cy~bh %325<"(

Tm ech bhdj}bnk ~cyhibmh d}c~yk ymt~kt myc

hmcjmt qmy~dhmdbmh~mt c Bc mudcvcdbkh nm Dmyycj

ik %3212323 B" s}m t m d hd }m y} yc h mh mj @}tdk

Hcdbkhcj nm Dbmhdbct Hc~}ycjmt nm @cnybn r s}m

cqcymdmh dkh jc hk~cdbkh @(H(D(H r }h h} myk

nm kynmh(

4( NMTDYjj,DB%"H RCH((Z]TBT(

3 ( -Jct ct~ct %}}djmkt 6tmkt"(

Tm ech dt~}nbcnk 3> ct~ct `ct 1 `mhkt

dk`qjm~ct nm jct d}cjdt < mt~ch b`qjch~cnct mh

ymt jKT dychdchkt(

T} dcyc mu~dyhc dt y}lktc r qkyktc* qykvbt

~c nm T]fDKT r kybfbdbkt7 jc bh~m`c dt~c t}ydcnc

jkhlb~}nbhcj`dh~m qky dchcjmt `ct 1 `mhkt `cy

dcnkt* MB cyychs}m nm jkt d}myhkt mt}b tb~}cnk mh

jc qcy~m `ct cj~c ndj dychmk* Qyb `myk tm nbyblmh

jc~mycj `mh~m( fky`chnk }h chl}jk nm dctb 351)

mh~ym tb* qcyc nmtq}mt nkijcytm ecmbc ndjch~d mh

}h chl}jk qykub`k c jkt 211

* ecdbc cyybic r jblm

yc`mh~m ecdbc nmhb`( Mh t} ictm* dcymh~m nm

ymjbmvmt( ecr }h mt~ymdec`bmh~k 1 d}mjjk s}m

ms}bvcjm cqykub` cnc` mh~m c Bh nm jc jkhlb~}n

=95 LmkcysjjmkOklfc y Qm~yb khjk mh jc Qmhbht}jc bkm~~dk r mj mh~kyhk `d~h~dyymhm·

Page 3: El bóvido, Bos antiquus de Torralba y Ambrona, Soria

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Fjl}yc 9* Ct~c ndyddec r fyclyhmyhk

nm dychdk nm Ikt ch~bs}}t( C~vjI >4*

331* duq}dt~kt mh mj @}tdk

@}`ch ~ bhk nm Tkybc*

Fbx]^B#, 9( Qcy~bcj tg}jj chn yble~

ek`dkym kf Ikt ch~bs}}t* BZ@I >4*

331* bh ~em @}tm}` H}yhc`bhk kfTkybc(

C

O EB*W

251*1

Tj,M 5c*95 n( B 551(*1

T^M5c*95 b( 231*1

4< R 33 ><1*1

>5 I 399 <=1*1

W" Bb? F L

>31( *1 349(1 W99*1 S*29

>91*1 346*1 314*1 1*<2

411*1 <6*1 29(1 Bx9#

4<=*1 2>*= ~ k z ( k Bj(*yj

><1*1 W69(1 B t ( t K x Q j j

9>1*1 =<*1 5<*1 3=9

961(1 23*= 64*1 %jo7T,

4<1*1 395(L 2<*1 *1*6<,

951*1 21*1 <2*1 1*5<

>>1*1 3>>*71 31971 1*<1

421*1 25*1 O9>*K 3*96

>11*1 2 w " 7 K 396(1 b(4#

2?9*1

<9*1

4W5(1 339*K 54*1 1(<>

4<1(1 J99(1 25*1 1(51

4<1(1 394*1 29(1 1(<>

421,w" %yhmn"

94=(1>1=*] 54(13>1*1 6S*Kjjj(K 1*621*21

9=1*1>4=,*1 5=(13>6*1 64*139<*1 1*<*>1*55

9 F 3 1 * K 22*1 <5*1 1(<5

4?<1*1>>1(1 34>*13=>*1 319*1395*1 1*<61(54

([B <6*1-jjK*1 =<*1<5*1 1(691(24

46fp*b" ,391*1 311(1 1*54

331*1 51(1 1*<9

I D

<11 * 1 ==1(1

<31 * 1 =<1(1

>11(1 >91(1

=.1*1 >51(1

<91 (S ==1*1

>41*1 4>1 *1

O51*K 441(1

339*"( =11*1

>4 N 331 221 * 1 ,

34*9> =91 * ,1

<21*1 631*1

S 3226 =11 * 1

=,<N(K >91*1

@HDHBB 31>1 (1

@HDH9n( 5%Pw"*S

@HDH9b(

@j,jDH 4

<=1*1

>=1*1

>31(1 43K*S

==3"(1 >31(1

4T3171 4-3*1

@HDH>

c" Cjcvc

>91*1

=91*1

4<1*7d[K'x04?((((?<((?#DK[)**K,~x[ ' 'x[x??[D?7['xx[B

i" @cnybn n(

i" @cnybn b*

5>1*1 =21(] >41 ((1

511*1 =<w"*1 >4=*1

>=1*1 %`mn" 31*1 %`mn"" Tch~chnmy

n" Cjmyhchbc =91*1591*1 ,461*1631*1 961*1><1*1x*-x---y---xx-'---xxxxxxx--x--y-x-xx

>21(13191

f" B`jbc >>1*1

lp j~cObc 629(13911

3 3 " Fychdbc

b" @cyy}mdkt 651*1

^cijc B* xjdnbnct nm jct ct~ct mh yhyh( C" Jkhlb~}n nm jc d}yvc du~dyhc7 I" jkhlb~}n nm jc d}yvc b`d`c? D" Bkhlb~}n nm d}mync7

N" dbyd}hfdydhdbc mh jc ictm nmj c*333( M" nbc`m~yk ekybzkh~cj nm 35 ictm nn ct~c* F" nbc`d~yk j fj"f#Od ~\(nm jc K7J:(dnmj ct~c7 L" njc

`m~yk vdy~bdc j+nbc yhd~yk ekybzkh~cj (

Ikt qyb`blmhb}t? c " C j ~} h c 32<>( } h d od` q, B@ n~ Lbibok %jOcv4" n m m n 8j (d ~ < (4 4 1 7jbbk?t7 i " f bj j? ?x j x t V bn c y~ m wOxWKT qykq bkt"( } h dod`

q jcy nm V bjjcvm ynm I cok %@cnybn" n mj bh ym yl j} dbc y Y btt\ jjy` 7 d" Lycjjjj(t 352<( > x m`qWcymt n m ]nfkt %Tcjjjc@my" nm mn cn \%Oy

yhbmhtd7 n" J c I c} `d* 3212( 9> mom`q~ccmt nm nbvmytk· qZj~O3Sx 6m Cjm`jjjjbbj( n[xj # 7% Z[c[nq ? ?O t3l jcd b cj (d " (Jc Ic}`m 32>4* 32 dod qjc

ymt nm Vcj nm Deychc r Vcj nm ^ktdchc %jycjbc" nm mncn qD(xBljb~¤objj7 h J`*xzk r Myct`k 3(249*JB h mox qjbjO nx y]jjbc`mybnbkhcj nm

d nc n qk t~ l jc d bc j7 #@ Dxky~7) j jO f f ,7 +, * * S , k t mom`qOch?. n m( YS WP E# % B~c jbc " n m? m nc n q d? 877jl Oc dbc j? e " Q k} jc bh 3269(( = mom qjhymt nm Dcjcbt

%Fychdbc" nm dncn H y ? K ? j j } j ? ? K 7 bKBMhyj1}*?#~o 32>2* nkt m o c j ) j q O * h y m ( t ( nm Ycic~ %@0mdktp nm mncn D}cydyhcybk*

^cijm 3( Nb mhtbkht kf ikyhdkym bh ``(

C" Bdhlfe kf Wb~m mu~mybky d}yvm( EB jmx.` kf ~em bh~mybky d}yvm D" Bb`*lyh kf je~ dkyn( N" dbyd}`fmymhdm kf yem ictjt kf ~em ek`

dkym( M" ekybzkh~cj nbhyhmymy kf ~@ ibjd,be kf eN`d*dx (F j vm y~bdc j nbcy}m~my kf ~e m ictbt kf ikyhdkym( L" vmy~bdcj n77jOhd~dy#ekybx

zkh~cj nbc m~my*

5%E, qyb`blmhb}t? c" Cj~hhc 32<>* c xqmnOOjBmk kf Lbibok %C(jcj,c"( <(451 clm7 i" F`?bjjdt Vbncy~d* c 08qxn( (hmh kf Vbjjcvmynm Icoc

%@cnybn"( Ybtt \bby 7 d" Lycdjjx 352<7 ( fk}y xdb`dj3T kf ]nfct %Tch~chnmy" \x[`Jclf(7 n" Jc Ic}yhm* 3212( 7 ^\x,j"~", fKB])tqddb

`mht kf vcybk}t (x,~mt kf L₪~yy3:`r* f,Bj,.jcO}mbcj clm* m" Jc Ic} m B 2>c( N`xxBN xqmdb`x0 kf ~im Vcj nm Debhhc chn Vcj nm ^kt

dchc %B~cjr"( qkt~(ljcdb7jj clm?7 f" Jkymhzk rMx j"Bx ] j49* ctqmdb`mh kf tKj3oexBOfZ By3jjr( qkt~(xdj 7o"[xd??7 O Qky~bt 321<* ~|k tqmdb

`mht kf Yk c wEcjp*"( qkt~ljcdbcjclm? e" Qk}jcbh 3269*( fbvm tqmdb mht kf Dcjhbt % F yc h mm "* H@ B ?b jj bo d c*xm?7 h Mhhk}deb 32>2* ~|k

tqmdb mht kf Ycic~ %@kykddk"* s}c~myhcyr clm(

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'I(q

(I(c

341

391

(((O 331

((?%]

311b01??

21]O

8L BBS

31

6 1

=1

=1 61

) EKYB_KH^CJ

Fbl}yc O( Ydjcdbkh mh~ymjkt nbcy}m~ykt vmy~bdcj r ekybzkh~cj nm jc ictm nmjct~c mh Ikt qyb blmhb}t %M( q" r Ikt ch~bs}}t %I( c"(

Fbl}ym O( Yc~bk nbclyc` |(y?~?j?q(b#DbhlWi~j nZ`m7htPkxjTkf Web # vmy~bdcj chn(ekybzkhycj nbc`m~my kf ~i d ictbt kf ek`dkym kf Ikt qyb-

`blmjjb}t %I( q" chn 51T cOjxbs}}t %I( c"(

bhnbdm vcybc mh~ym 1*66 r 3*=9(

Tb dkht~y}b`kt }h nbclyc`c nm nbtqmytbkh

%Fbl}yc 4" mh mj s}m mh citdbtct tm `cydch jkt

vcj kymt nm j nbcyhm~yk ekybzkh~cj r mh kynmhcnct

jkt nmj nbcyhd~yk vmy~bdcj( vmyhkt s}m mj cymc kd}

qcnc qky jkt dkyymtqkhnbmh~mt c Ict qyb blmhb}t

tm tmqcyc nm jct zkhct kd}qcnct qky jkt qmy~mhm

dbmh~dt cj Ikvbnk nm ^kyycjicCyhiykhc r s}m jct

jfhdct nm ymlymtbkh ~yczcnct tkh nbfmymh~mt(

9(- MB dynhmk(

^ch tkjk tm ech ymd}qdycnk > fyclyhmh~kt

dychmchkt* O 353 R >41>1 s}m dkyymtqkhnmh c jc

ymlbkh kddbqb~cj* r T^M 5c95 r @HDH 9 s}m tkh

dcjk~ct `ct dk`qjm~ct r dkhtdyvch dj fykh~cj* mj

kddbqb~cj r jct ct~ct*

Mj fkyc`mh `clh}` mt cqykub cnc`mh~m

dbyd}jcy r tm tbhbc jblmyc`mh~m qky mhdb`c nmj

qjchk qcjc~bhm7 jkt d6hnbjkt kddbqb~cjmt tkh `}r

cjcylcnkt* tcjbmh~mt r mt~ch dctb }hbnkt qky t}

ictdk s}m tm qykjkhlc jblmyc`mh~m %Fbl}yc 9"( Jc

dymt~c kdd bqb~cj nbi}oc }h cydk qkdk cd}tcnk qmyk

tcjbmh~m* s}m tm qbmynm t}cvm`mh~m? jc dymt~c

kddbqb~cj `mnbc dt~c ibmh `cydcnc r jct cqkfbtbt

qcyc jc bhtmydbkh nm jkt y`btd}jkt h}dcjmt tkh

`}r vbtbijmt* Mh jc ymlbkh ictcj* jct i }jc t ~b` qc

hbdct tkh ymnkhnmcnct r qykyhbhmy}mt? jc qkydbkh

ictcj nmj kddbqb~cj mt ~ybchl}jcy* dkh }hc jblmyc

s}bjjc dmh~ycj(

MB fykh~cj mt dkhdcvm r qymtmh~c }hc dymt~c

qycd~bdcyhmh~m jbtc %tbh )`khk)" mh~ym jct ictmt

=41 Lmktys}mk~klbm r Qt~y~`khbk mh jt Qmhbht}jc Bimybdc r mb mh~k~hk `mchmyythmk

~k~cj nmj ct~c* `cydcnk qky vcybmt t}ydkt jkhlb~}

nbhcjmt qkdk qykf}hnkt qmyk yh}r vbtbijmt* MB

bh~mybky mt~c kd}qcnk qky }h byhqky~ch~m tbt~m`c

Bcl}hcy s}m dkyh}hbdc dkh m# tmhk fykh~cj* 31 s}m

mvbbc mj mhKBBNm qmtk s}m tm qykn}db yfc tb mj

h}djmk f}myc `cdbzk %Fbl}yct B r 9"

Nmldyikj %32<1"* c qcy~by nm 31< `mnbnct

nm jc db yd}hfmymhdbc nm jc ictm nm jc djcvboc mh

}hc qkijcdbkh nm I( Qyb blmhb}t nm rcdb bmh~kt

nchmtmt qkt~ljcdb}jmt* mtycijmdm s}m mh jkt

`cdekt mtc dbyd}hfmymhdbc fj}dhbc mh~ym Bb`bymt

`}r c`qjbkt* 95=>>= `yh r s}m mh jct em`iyct

mtc vcybcdbkh mt y}mhky* 3539<= ``( Mh h}mt~yk

dctk qknmyhkt t}qkhmy s}m cj yhmhkt tbm~m nm jkt

ymtykt mt~}nbcnkt qmy~mhmdbmykh c momyhqjcymt

`cdekt %951><1 ``"* nkt momyhqjcymt mt~chch

dctb cj jfyhb~d nm jc fj}d~}cdbkh ncnc qcyc jct em`

iyct %9>1961 ``" r s}mncybch nkt ymt~kt qky

nm~my`bhmy*

Jc nbt~chdbc mh~ym jkt cqbdmt nm jkt yhbdjmkt

hkt qykqkydbkhc }hc bnc nm jc mhvmylcn}yc nm jc

dk`c`mh~c( Mh T^M 5c95* dtc nbt~chdbc mt nm

3911 `yh ? mh jVB(H(D(H( 9 mt nm =>1 ``(

?- (

Mh jkt mom`qjcymt nm Ict qyb`blmhb}t nm

jkt s}m ~mhm`kt nc~kt* dj nbcyhm~yk vmy~bdcj nm jc

ictm nmj ct~c mt tbmyhqym `mhky s}m mj nbc`m~yk

ekybzkh~cj nm jc `bt`c* nm `knk s}m mj fhnbdm?

nbcyhm~yk vdy~bdcj+nbcyhm~yk ekybzkh~cj* vcybc mh~ym

1*69 r 1*24 qcyc jkt =5 ymt~kt dty}nbcnkt* `bmh

~yct s}m mh dj Ikt nm ^kyycjicCyhiykhc mj vcjkynmj nbc`m~yk vmy~bdcj nm jc ictm nmj ct~c mt yhdhky

k `crky s}m mj vcjky nmj nbc`m~yk ekybzkh~cj r mj

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n m jct ct~ct* yhc ydchnktm }hbdcyhdh~m }h qms}m fbk

tc jbmh ~m dmh ~ycj( ydn kh ndc nk r s}m td n bf}` bhc

ycqbncyhmh~m( ~fqbdk nm j lmhmyk Ict(

Jc chde}yc nmj fykh~cj mh ~ym jc ictm nm jkt

d}m yhkt vcybc mu~yckyn bhcybc` mh~m nm }hkt mom`

q jcymt c kyykt qky 31 s}m Jc Ic}yhm %3 2><" qykq}tk }h bhn bdm dychdchk? jkhl b~}n dymt~t mh ~ym jc t

ct~ct u 3 11 +3 1h lb~} n dym t~c k ddbqb~c j( s} m cqjbdc

nk mh }hc qkijcdbkh nm Ict qyb blmhb}t b~cjbchkt

n m mncn qkt~l jcdbcy jm n bk }hc vc ybcdbkh n m 3 (<3

9 *1 4,<1 q cyc jkt ` cdekt r nm 3 (2 99*9Rjd qc yc jc t

emyhiyct* M h mj Ict nm ^kyycjicCyhiykhc mt~m

`nbdm vcybc mh~ym 3 *>= r 3*=6( rc s} m jc dymt~c nm j

kddbqb~cj* cj yhmhkt dh mt~m t nkt dctmt* dt n m

` cr ky jkh lb~}n s}m mh ~kyk qybyh blmh bk (

4(- Jh `chnbi}jcJkt = ymtykt ` chn bi} jc ymt? S 9>=3 * S

319= * S 319> * S 325< r =O9> mt~ ch yh}r `cj

dkhtdyvcnkt* ymn}dbnkt c fyclyhmh~kt nm jc ycyhc

ekybzkh~cj s} m mh c jl}hkt dctmt dkhtmyvch

by hq jc h~c nk t c jl }h kt n bm h~m t(

M B ym t ~ k S 9>=3 dt m j ` cr ky n m mtkt fycl

`m`kt r qcymdm ecidy tbnk } ~bjbzcnk dk` k emyyc

` bmh~c qk y t} hk~ci jm qc ~bhc * jc t h} `myktct mt~yfc t

s }m q ym tm h~c r t} mu~ym` m cl}zcnk( Dkhtm yvc m j

tml}hnk r ~mydm y ` kjc y mh `}r ` cj mt~cnk* jk t

c jvdk jkt nmj q yb` my ` kjcy r nm jkt nkt } j~byhkt

q ym`k jc ym t r qms}dfbkt fycl` mh ~kt nm ycgmt( Hk

td kitmyvch k ybfbd bkt hb dchc jmt(

>(- Jc nmh~bdbkh(

M B m jmyhm y}k ` ct bb~bj r m j ` c t d cy cd ~m ht ybd k

s} m tm q}mnm myhqjmcy mh q cjdkh ~kjkl fc qc yc jc

bndh} fbdcdbkh nm jkt yhc` bfmykt dt t} yhkyfkjkl bc

nmh~cybc( Tbh m`icylk* mh dj dctk nm jkt nkt

Ikvbnkt `ct ci}hnch~mt nm j Qjmbt~kdmhm* Ibtkh rIct( jkt n bmh~mt tkh qycd~bdc` mh~m bn dh~bdkt* nm

`knk s}m mh dctb ~knkt jk t rcdbyhbmh~kt mh s} m

cqcymddh t} t ymt~kt r tb hk mubt~mh m j m`mh~kt

qkt~dychmcjmt s}m yhcys}mh jc n bfm ymhm bc * jkt

n bm yhmt cqc ydddh djctbfbdcn kt dk` k qmy~dhmdbdh

~mt c } h )l ych Ikvbnk)*

Ik} jm %3231"* J me` chh %3 2>2 "* T ~c` qfjb

%3 264"( I khbfcr %3 266" r N mjqmde %32 <1"* mh ~ym

k~ykt c}~kymt* ec h }}mh~cnk tmqcycy jk t nkt lmhm

yk t qky `mnbk nm nmtdybqdbkhmt %tkiym ~knk nm j

~m yd my ` kjc y bh fm ybk y"( fhnbdmt r ymqymumh~cdbkhmt

lycfbdct s}m hk jjmlch c cdjcycy mj dctm( M h mkh

tmd}mhdbc* dk`k mh ^kyycjicCyhiykhc hk ech

cqcymdbnk ydt~kt dychmcjmt 1 qkt~dychmcjmt nm

I btkh~m t}qkhm`kt s} m jkt n bmh~mt s}m emyhkt

duc bhcnk qmy~dhmdmh c j l dh my k Ikt(

M B ` b` myk nm n bdh~mt dkhtm yvcnkt mt dkhtb

nm ycijm %6>" c}hs} m }hbdcyhmh~m mt} bh dk` qjm~m t

r ech qkn bnk tmy ` mn bnkt jkt 4> s}m tm nm~c jjch

mh jc ~cijc BB( Tk jc` mh~m tm ec bnmh~bfbdcnk }h

jjjD3TBVK(

M j mtqdtk y n mj m tyhc j~m * tmc d}c j tmc dj nmt

lct~m nm j n bmh~m 1 t} ychlm * mt~} dkyhqymhnbnk

mh~ym B r 9 yy}h*

Fbl}y} >( Nmh~bkbkh? tmybmt `kO0 x]q~#yb*Sf m b h ? f # # h K ^ nm Ict LB+bs]BBT(

Fbx}ym >( ]qqmy chn jk|my jddje kf Ik t f 3` b s| jt bh xJx vbm|(

=4 3

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H}`myk Ychlk Cj~}` Jkhlb~}n Chde}yc Hn`myk Ychlk Cj~}yc Jkhlb~}n Chde}yc

S 951= Q> 32*1 91*1 35*1 S 9516 Q> 9=*1 94*1 2*1

S 311> Q> Ymt~k 32*1 32*1 S9593 Q> 96*1 9>*1 39*1

>jI*42 Q> Ymt~k 35*1 99*1 >>F(3= Q> 35*1 99*= 34*1

S21< ?vbB 3=*1 9<*1 9=*1 S 319= @B 91*1 49*, 91*1

S 322> @B 96*1 9=*1 9=(1 S 319> @B 32*1 9<*1 32*1

S 3114 @9 >3(1 92*1 9>*1 S 9532 @B9 =>*1 44*1 35*1

S 3256 @9 46*1 4>*1 9=(1 S 3193 @B9 =6*1 41*1 36*=

S 9142 @9 >=*1 49*1 94(1 S9144 @B9 Ymt~k 49*1 36*1

S9146 @9 Ymt~k 41(1 96*1 S 914> @B9 45*1 41*1 35*1

>1I*65 @9 9<*1 49*1 9<(1 S 325< @j9 Ymt~k 49*1 3<*1

>5N*5= 3Z39 4<(1 95(1 94*1 >3I*49 @B9 9=*1 41*1 35*1

=O(> 3 Z - 3 9 Ymt~k 49(1 96(1 T^M >i( @B9 Ymt~k 92*1 3<*<

>4F(96 @9 Ymt~k 44*1 96*1 S 3194 @9 9=*1 4=*1 93(1

S9145 @4 >1*1 49*1 9=*1 S 319< ?vb9 94*1 43(1 91(1

S 914= @4 >3*1 4=(1 9<(1 S9>=# @9 Ymt~k 43*1 35*1

S914< @4 Ymt~k 4=*1 96*1 S 325< @4 Ymtjk ><*1 35*1

=O*3> @4 32*1 4<*1 3<*1

=1M(# @4 =>*1 >4*1 3<*1

^cijm 9( Nb`mhtbkht kf }qqmy chn jk)*,my ~mm~e bh ``(

^cijc 9( Ndy}bdbkh( ^B,jj##nbnctmjj yk %Kjdnbnct jk c(nx c 3(= m` nmj hcdb`bmh~k nm Jcycjz"(

Jc nmh~bdb}h t}qmybky mt ict~chym }hbfky

`m( Jkt qydyhkjcymt tkh }hbjki}jcnkt* qktdmh }h

dkh~kyhk t}i~ybchl}jcy r qymtdh~ch mj qcyct~bjk r

dj `m~ct~bjk f}my~mt r dky~ch~dt r nmt t}ydkt mh Bc

qcymn jbhl}cj( Jkt `kj cymt tkh ibjki}jcnkt rqktmdh }h dkh~kyhk `ct ibmh ymd~chl}jcy * `ct

dhtchdecnk mh jc ictm7 mj qbjcy nmj qyk~kdkhm mt

y h} r f }m y~m r jkt q bjc ym t n mj q cy cd kh k rmj `m~c

dkhk cqcymdmh khn}jcnkt? jct fktmyct ~bmhmh }h

ymikynm nm dtyhcj~m `ct fbhk r y}lktk s}m mj nmj

dkh~kyhk nmj nbmh~m? qcyc* `mtk r `m~ct~bjk tkh

cl}nkt r dky~ch~mt* ^knkt jkt `kjcybfkyyhmt

qktmmh ~ymt ycgmt %Fbl}yc >"

Mh jc nmh~bdbkh bhfmybky jkt qymyhkjcydt

tkh cj BKT( nm `m~cdkhbnk tdhdbjjk r c vmdmt yh}r

ymn}dbnk* }hb 1 ibjki}jcnkt* `ct qds}mfbkt s}m

jkt t}qmybkymt( Jkt nkt qyb`mykt yhkjcymt tkh

ymd~chl}jcymt * dkh nkt jki}jmt yh}r ibmh nbfmymh

dbcnkt? td nbt~bhl}mh qyk~k* qcyc r `d~cdkhbnk* r

}h ~c jk h t md }h nc ybk fky`cnk qcy ebqk r mh~kdk

hbnk* 31 s}m jdt nc }hc tbj}d~c c#cylcnc r mt~ym

deckJkt qbjcymt nmj mh~kdkhbnk r `m~cdkhbnk tkh

dkhvmukt7 mj md~kt~fjbnk mt f}mhm* Jkt nbdh~mt

qktmmh ~ch tkjk nkt ycfdmt cqcymh~mt qky dkcjmtdmhdbc nm jct `btyhct nm nkt mh nkt %Fbl}yc >"

M t n md by * ~ch~k Bc tmybm nmh~cj t}qmybky dk`k

jkt qyd`kjcymt r jkt nkt q yb` m yk t ` kjc ym t nm jc

tmybm bhfmybky ~bdhdh Wc `bt`c `kyfkjklbc ,o jct

yhmnbnct qykqbct nm jkt lmhmykt Ikt r Ibtkh Tbh

m`icylk* jc `kyfkjklfc nmj ~mydmy `kjcy bhfmybky

mt ~k~cj`mh~m nbfmymh~m*

T~c`qfjb %3264" fbl}yc }h ~mydmy `kjcy mh

Ikt qyb blmhb}t mh mj s}m mt~m ~mydmy jki}jm qym

tmh~c }h chl}jk ki~}tm mh mj jcnk jcibcj r }h

tc jbm h~m c l} nk mh mj jbhl}cj? Cj~}hc %B2<>" fbl}

yc mj tml}hnk r ~mydmy jki}jm nm mt~m `kjcy nmj

mod`qjcy nm Lbibok dkh }h tcjbmh~m yh}r `cydcnk

=49 Lmkmys}mk~kl~m r Qm}b`khjk mh jc Qmhbht}jc Bimybdc ymb mh~k~ ~~k `mcb~myythmk

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Fbl}yc =( Dkhfbl}ycdbkh nmj ~mydmy jki}

31nmj ~mydmy `kjcy bhfmybky mh 51T qyb`b

lmjjb}t* Ikt ~c}y}t r Ikt ch~bsc}t(I* qyb blmhb}t

T~c qfjb 3264

Fbl}ym =( Kddj}tcj vbm| kf ~em ~ebyn jki}

jm kf ~em @4 bh Ikt qyb blmhb}t( Ik(• \BB¼

y}t c}n Ikt ch~bs}}t(

mh t} dcyc jbhl}cj r }h chl}jk

ki~}tm mh dj jcnm jcibcj7 Lmyimy

%32<4" fbl}yc }hc f}my~m chl}jc

dbkh mh jc dc` jcibcj r }h tcjbmh

~m cl}nk mh Bc jbhl}cj( Mh dj bkyk

cd~}cj %Ict ~c}y}t" tm `ch~bmhm

mtc `kyfkjklbc %Fbl}yc ="(

Mh Ibtkh* Jme`chh %32>2"

cfby`c s}m mj ~mydmy jki}jm tm

bhdjbhc ecdbc jc dcyc jcibcj r s}m

tm tmqcyc nmj ebqkdkhbnk nmj

tml}hnk jki}jm qky }h chl}jk

qkdk cibdy~k r qykf}hnk* c}hs}d

mj qykqbk Jme`chh cn`bym

mudmqdbkhdt? T~c`qfjb %3264"

qykqkydbkhc }hc fbl}yc s}m dkh

fby`c mt~m nc~k(Mh mj Ikt nm ^kyycjic

Cyhiykhc mtd ~mydmy 36i}jk mt

~ybchl}jcy r tbl}m jc nbymddbkh

nmj mom nmj `kjcy tbh qymtmh~cy hbhl}h ybqk nm

chl}jcdbkh jcibcj 1 tcjbmh~m jbhl}cj %Fbl}yc ="(

Fmmh %32=4" dcjd}jc s}m jc ymjcdbkh? Q9,

@4fQ9@9 mt cqykub yhcnc`dh~m nm 3(44 qcyc mj

Ikt qyb`blmhb}t nmj Qjmbt~kdmhm ictchnktm mh

dod`qjcymt nm jkt Qcbtdt Icokt( Nbhc`cydc* Cjm

`chbc r T}bzc( Mh dj dctk nm S 9>=3* dkh~chnk

jkt cjvmkjkt nm jkt nkt qyb`mykt qymyhkjcymt mtc

ymjcdbkh dt nm 3(66(

I( qyb`blmhb}t

Cjj}hc 32<>

Lbibok %Cycvc( Mtqchc"

I( qyb`blmhb}t

Lmyimy 32<4

Jc Dyk}zcnm %C}nm* Fychdbc"

Ikt ~c}y}t cd~}cj

=(- Jct vmy~miyct dmyvbdcjmt(

^knct jct vmy~miyct ech qmynbnk jc cqkfbtbt

mtqbhktc r qcy~m nm jct cqkfbtbt jcymycjmt(

MB c~jct %4< R 36" qymtmh~c jct dcyct cy~b

d}jcydt qkt~mybkymt qjchct r jct dcvbncnmt cy~bd}

jcymt qcyc jkt dkhnbjkt kddbqbycjmt qcydbcj`mh~m

nbvbnbnct mh nkt qcy~mt( Jct cjct tm ech qmynbnk

dctb qky dk`qjm~m(

MB cubt %S 3225( S 9196" qk tmm }hc mtqbhcvmh~ycj ibmh `cydcnc r mj knkh~kbnd ydicocnk*

dkh dbmy~k qcymdbnk dkh \3cm tqc~}jc( MB fkyc`mh

Ikt

^kyycjic C`iykht %Tkybt( Mtqckc"

~ychtvmytm mt cjcylcnk7 jc fky`c nm jc t}qmyfbdbm

cy~bd}jcy dc}ncj mt Bc ybqbdc nmj ldhmyk Ict( dkh

~ymt ymikyndt ydjc~bvc`dh~m mjmvcnkt* }hk vmh~ycj

r nkt jc~mycjmt* s}m jc ecdmh tmy `}r dkhdcvc r

jm nch fky`c qmh~clkhcj(

Jc ~mydmyc* d}cy~c* s}bh~c* tmu~c r tmq~b

`c vmy~miyct dmyvjdcjmt qymtmh~ch jc qcymn jc~m

ycj nmj fkyc`mh ~ychtvmytm dky~c dkh ymtqmd~k c jc

jk}lb~}n nmj d}myqk vmy~miycj( dcycd~dy qykqbk nmj

lmhmyk Ikt(

Qcyc Ikhbfcr %3266"( jc chde}yc nm jc

dcimzc cy~bd}jcy ms}bvcjm cj <4-¼<6- nm t}

cj~}yc mh Ikt qyb blmhb}t( Mh h}mt~ykt modyh

qjcymt vcyfc mh~ym mj 6 < ( 6 D 7 , d %S 919>" r mj 51*6-

%46 R 31"(

Qcyc Jme`chh %32>2"* mj fhnbdm nmj fkyc

`mh ~ychtvmytm %jkhlby}n nm jc qcymn nm# fkyc`mh

~ychtvmytk(# KKjjkhlby}n nmj d}myqk vmy~miycj" mh

Ikt vcyfc mh~ym 41(< r ><*1 qcyc jc ~dydmyc vmy~m

iyc* mh~ym 92*= r 4<(= qcyc jc d}cy~c r mh~ym 9>*9r 92*4 qcyc jc s}bh~c* Mh dj Ikvbnk nm ^kyycjic

C`iykhc mt~m B}nbdm vcybc mh~ym dj 45(< r mj >3(1

=44

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- (

S 9132 TB]B,K( 46R~= 4=UBO S 919> >414= 46RjK

C" Jkhlb~}n d}myqk vmy~miycj 51*1 <5*1 531Z, 51(1 51*1 21*1 5<*13

(,

Nbcyhm~yk ~ychtvmytk d}myqk vmy~miycj O 31*1 21*1 31>*1 * 2=*1 52*1 62*1

I " Jk hl b~ }n qcymn fkyc`mh yychtvmytk?3

43*1 49*1 4971 43*1 92*1 4<*1 46(1

DN) im, ~ B ><*1 >=*1 >>*1 >6*1 >6*1 =1*1 =1(1") bc`myyk ~ychtvmytm dc mzc cyhd} c~,(

N"Nbcyhm~yk vmy~bdcj dcimzc cy~bd}jcy7 6>*1 64*1 =6*S 6>*1 65*1 69*1

Nbc myyk ~ychtvmytm fktm~c cy~bd}jcy( 62*1 <=*1 <2*1 <<*1 <1*1 <5*1*

Nbcyhmyyk vmy~bdcj f kt m~ c c y~ bd }j cy * <<(1 54*1 <=*1 <6 *1 65*1 <9*1

Nbcyhm~yk ~ychtvmytm ~k` `mh vmy~miycj 46*1 44*1 >3*1* 4>*1 4"*1 41 *1 41*1

N bc yh m~y k v my~bd cj fkyc`mh vmy~miycj* 44*1 94(1 >9*1 * 95*1 4"(= 41*1 95*1

I*BKK+C 45(<- >3*1- 42*=- 45(<- 46*9- >3*3- >33*4-

D(jKKfN <4*>- <3((>- <5 *=- <3(5- 6<*6- [ ( 51*6-

Ychlm vmy~miycj 4 > = 6 6 < <

^cijc 4( @mnbnct nm jct vmy~miyct ddyvbdcjdt mh ``(

^cijm 4( Nb`mhtbkht kf dmyvbdcj vmy~miycm bh y`h(

mh mtbct vmy~miyct r mh~ym dj 46*9 r mj >3*4 mh jct

nkt vmy~miyct dmyvbdcjmt ymt~ch~mt*

`}r `cydcnk mh jc qcy~m jc~mykdychmcj* mh mj

Ikvbnk nm ^kyycjicCyhiykhc mtc t}qdyfbdbd mt

yh}dek `ct }hbfky`d r ctb`bt`k mj qykdmtk

~}imyktk mt}b `ct nmtcyykjjcnk r hk tm mt~ymdec

mh t} }hbkh dkh jc dcvbncn ljmhkbnmc dk`k t}dm

nm mh Ikt qyb blmhb}t(

6(- Jc mtdcq}jc(

Mt~c ydqymtdh~cnc qky ~ymt fyclyhmh~kt? S

311=( S 9194 R S 3119* s}m dkyhqymhnmh jc dcvb

ncn ljmhkbnmc r qchm nmj d}mjjk*

Jct yhmnbnct nd Bc dcvbncn ljmhkbnmc %nbc

`m~yk vmy~bdcj( <1*15=*1 yhyh7 nbcyhd~yk ekybzkh

~cj 69(1<1(1 ``" tbhbch cj Ikvbnk nm ^kyycjic

C`iykhc nmyhyk nm jc vcybcijm s}m dkhkdmyhkt

qcyc Ikt qyb blmhb}t* Hk t}dmnm 31 yhbtyhk dkh

t} `kyfkjklfc q}mt yhbmh~yct jc t}qmyfbdbm cy~bd}

jcy dh cs}dj tm dhtchdec mh t} qchm dc}ncj* tkiym

~knk dh jc jc~mykdc}ncj r qymtmh~c }h dh~ych~d

<(-¤3 e} myk(

Tkjcyhmh~m tm ech dkhtmyvcnk dbhdk fycl

`m kt nbt~cjmt*

Mh Ikt qyb blmhb}t dj jfyhbym t}qmybky nd jc

fktc qcyc mj kjmdychkh mt ekybzkh~cj %Jme`chh

32>2? T~c`qfj b 32647 @cy~bh 325<"( Mh h}mt~yk

dctm mtd ikynm mt qycd~bdcyhdh~m ymd~k(

S943< S9 B 4 (4 B Sj22< •T^M2*3= >35(>3 Lbibok ) M}ykqc

Cj~}yc ~ykdjdc dkhnbjk `mtbcj S(3E^" <4*1 6>*1 <<*1 <>(1 6=*1 =2(1 61*=<T*K

Cj~}yc ~ykdjmc d6hnbjk jc~mycj %JE^" =3*1 =>(1 >5(1 =4*1 =9*1 >4*= >1*1=9*1B

Chde}yc `cub`c |6djmc %I " W 3>*1 31=*1 31=*1 3 W5 *1 391*1 25*1 319(1393*1

Chde}yc d6hnbjk jc~mycj %J:Z^" 44(1 92(1 4>*1 49(1 43(1([

9<*145*1

Nbcyhm~yk vmy~bdcj fKTE kjmdychkh 96(1 4=*1 ( - -

Nbcyhm~yk ekybzkh~cj yktc kjmdychkh 5*1 39(1

^cijc >* xgnbn(3T nmj ebb`dyk mh yk`() @cy~bh %~25<"(

^cijm >( Nb mhtbkht kf e} my}t bh h}h( x 3(((@jjh %325<"(

=4> Lmkcys}dkjklbcx, Qm}b~hk}bk mh jc Qmhbht}jc Bimybdc (B, dj mh~kyhk `mc~~myychmk

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Mh Ikt q yb` bl mh b} t mj ymjbmvm nm jc zkhc

nbt~cj nm jc t}qmyfbdbm cy~bd}jcy qymtmh~t }hc dymt

~c dmh~ycj `}", tkiydtcjbmh~m tmlbbh Y}~byhmrmy

%35<5"* Ibibgkvc %32=5" ", @chbh %325<"( Mh mj

Ikvbnk nm ^kyycjicC`iykhc mtc dymt~c mt}b `}r

`cydcnc*Tb c~mhnmyhkt c jc `kyfkjklbc ", c jct `mnb

nct muq}mt~ct mh dt~c ~cijc* mj e}`myk nmj Ikvb

nk nm ^kyycjicCyhiykhc tm mhd}mh~yc nmy}yk nm

jct vcybcdbk}mt ncnct qky @cyjbh %325<" qcyc Ikt

qyb`blmhb}t* qmyk tb cqjbdcyhkt jkt bhnbdmt nm

Jme`chh %32>2" r T~c`qfjb %3264"* jkt ymt}j~c

nkt tkh nbfmydh~mt(

Qcyc dj qyb`my bhnbdm( dj Ikvbnk nm ^kyycj

icC`iykhc hkt ec qykqkydbkhcnk yy}hbyhkt

bhfmybkymt r `cub`kt t}qmybkymt c jkt dkhkdbnkt

qcyc Ict qyb blmhb}t* c}hs}m jc `mnbc nm nbdek

fhnbdd mt tmyhmoch~m mh jkt nkt ~kykt(

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nm dkh jc `mnbc nm dt~d bhnbdd(

Qcyc mj ~mydmy Bhnbdm tkjk dkh~cyhkt dkh jkt

nc~kt nm @cy~bh %325<" qmyk vmyhkt s}m mj `cub

`k mkhtbnmycnk qcyc I( qyb`blmhb}t tm dky~mt-

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Mt nmdby* c}hs}m jct `mnbnct nm jc bykdjmcnmj ebb`myk tmch tm`moch~mt* jc ymjcdbkh mh~ym jct

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5(- Mj ycnbk(

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qdyk tb fycl`mh~kt qykub`cjmt r nbt~cjmt %S

3134* S 9534* S 352=*39395", >1I=2"(

@mnbnct m bhnbdmt s}mnch nmh~yk nm jc

vcybcibjbncn ncnc qky Jme`chh %32>2"( Ibibgkvc

%32=5"* T~c`qfjb %3264"* Cj~}hc %32<>" r @cy~bh

%325<" qcyc jc mtqmdbm Ict qyb blmhb}t* dudmq~k

mj bhnbdm? chde}yc qcy~m `mnbcj nm jc t}qmyfbdbm

cy~bd}jcy nbt~cj+chde}yc qcy~m jc~mycj t}qmyfbdbmcy~bd}jcy nbt~cj( s}m qcyc mj ~}` qyb`blmhbk vcybc

mh~ym dj 59- R dj 319- rmh dj ~kyk nm ^kyycjic

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nmibnk c s}m jc t}qmyfbdbm cy~bd}jcy `mnbcj mt*

`}r ymn}dbnc(

2( M 3`m~cdcyqbchk(

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ymt~kt dychmchkt tkh jkt yhm}bqknkt jkt s}m qmy

`b~mh jc nm~my`bhcdbkh nm jkt lmhmykt d bhdj}tk

nm jct mtqmdbmt nm jkt Ikvbnkt* c}hs}m hk ~knkt

jkt c}~kymt mt~ch nm cd}mynk tkiym s}m mjm`mh~kt

tkh vmyncnmycyhmh~m nbclhkt~bdkt( Jkt ymt~kt

mt~}nbcnkt %6" qymtmyhch jct dcycd~myft~bdct nmj

lmhmyk Ict(

Mh t} mu~ym`m qykub`cj* jct fcdm~ct qcyc mj

dcyqcj 94 hk dkhfbl}ych }h cymc d}cnycnc tbhk

ymd~chl}jcy* c}hs}m hk ~ch~k dk`k mh m j l mh myk

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jc dcyc ch~mybky nm# e}mtk? vbt~c nm qmyfbj jc fcdm

~c qcyc dj dcyqcj 94 fky`c } h c hl }jk nm 3>1) dkh

jc fcdm~c qcyc mj dcyqcj > %Fbl}yc 6"( Mh mj mu~ym

`k nbt~cj* jkt dkhnbjkt tkh tmh tbijmyhdh ~m bl }c

B~,t( tmqcycnkt qky }hc mtdk~cn}yc bh~dydkhnfjmc

d}rc cj~}yc mt `mhky s}m jc cj~}yc nm Bc qcy~m dmh

~ycj nmj dkhnbjk? mj dchcj qkt~mybky mt qykf}hnk

qmyk tm nbf}`bhc hbqbncyhmh~m r mh t} ictm cqc

ymmm }h lych kybfbdbk h}~ybdbk? vbt~c nmtnm }h

qjchk bhfmybky jc dcimzc nbt~cj Bjmhm dkh~kyhk ~yc

qmzkbncj(

Ibqyb`blmhb}t Ibqyb`blmhb}t I(q yb` blmh bjjt Ibqyb`blmhb}t Ikvbnk

Jme`chh 32>2 T~c`qfjb 3264 @cy~bh 325< Cj~}hc 32<> ^kyycjic

3>*494(5 %39" 34*=99*1 %3>" 36(193*< %31" W=*5 %B" 2(=9<(6 %="@E^JE^(BKKBjj^

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B

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^cijc =( bhnbm8(?tnm jc ~ ykdjmc nmj e ] 3 ^ 3 D y k (

^cijm =( Bhnmu kf e} my}t yykdejmc(

=4 =

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I( nbcyh( D( nbcyh( ~ycht( N( nbc`( ch~my*

C( Jkhlb~}n ~ycht( nbcfbtbt dcimzc nbt~cj dcidzc nbt~cj B?IfC fb? m` Mncn

S?9,111 921(1 >4(1 <>(1 45*1 1(P7> 1*=3 (@bhnmj

S 9349 9=<(1 =>(1 5<*1 >3*(1 1(93 1(>< @bhnmj

S 3962 <j*31 46(1 ( 1 *=1 @bhnmj

BFkh~mdemvcnd 9>1(1969*1 >9(~p(>27K %=" 1 *3<)1 (35 Ybxt

9 Dk~mhdedy =1(4=<*= %>" 95(<43*9 %>" 1(*=> Yott\jb`h

4 Ibjjchdd}y~ 9=6*19<6(1 O4*=x==*<%= p <4*155*1 %>" 4=*<>6*1 %>" K*hK*91 1(>6(1*=9 Ybbt\}y`

> Tjkvmhbc 96>(1 =5(1 W 2>*1 1*93 q* t}ymy(

*= Gbjg(bx*

> >( 4= >(1 %4 p < =( 1 2> (= % 4" >9*=>2*5 %4"#9==7196=*1 1 *3 <1 (9 3 1 *= 91 *= 6 Q ( t}qmy(

6 Nbhcyhcydc 9>=*719=3(1 45*4=9(Z4 62*x567K 45*1>6(1 1*3=1(93 1(=4xK*== \}` j

< Fychdbc 94>?Kx9>T(1 >>**1>6(=,B

1((3< \}`" B ( - B B

W" Lbibok 946*1 >=(%" 51(1 %Em7" <(451 c h k t

@dnbnct m bhnbdmt s}mnch nmh~yk nm jc

vcybcibjbncn nm Ikt qyb jlmhb}t( tb ibmh mj `nbdm

nm yki}t~mz %Tdemy~z 3246"( chde}yc nm jc nbcfbtbt

u BKKKjjkhlb~}n ~k~cj* nm S 9111 mt mu~yckynbhc

ybc`mh~m icok* 3>5* mkh ymtqdd~k cj nm Ikt qyb`b-

Fbj*,jOyc 6* Mu ~ymyhk qykub `cj nm `m~cdcyqbchk qk m t} dcyc

ch~mybky nm 51(3 ch~bs}}t* S 9349(

Fbl}ym 6( Qykub cj mhn kf `mycdcyqcb bh ch~mybky )3,?\ kf Ikt

cy}bs}}t* S 9349(

lmhb}t %36=931" 1 cj nm Ibtkh qybtd}t %913

936"(

31(- Jc qmjvbt(

Tkjk tm ech dkhtmyvcnk cjl}hkt fycl`mh

~kt %S 32<5( T^M 393 r T^M 392" nm jc dcvbncn

dk~bjkbnmc* s}m mt qycd~bdcyhdh~m ymnkhnc* dkh

}hc c`qjbc dtdkbcn}yc bts}bkq}ibchc d}rkt

mu~ym`mt mt~ch `}r tmqcycnkt* MB nbc`m~yk ch~m

ykqkt~mybky nm jc dcvbncn vcybc mh~ym 53(1 r 5>*1

`` r mj nbcyhm~yk ~ychtvmytcj mh~ym 53*1 r <5*1``(

33( Jc ~bibc(

Tkjc`mh~m ec cqcymdbnk }h fyclyhmh~k nbt

~cj %S 9594" s}m ec qmyyhb~bnk mt~cijmdmy mj bhnb

dm nm Jme`chT~c`qfjb? nbcyhm~yk ch~mykqkt~m

ybky t}qdyfbdbd cy~bd}jcy nbt~cj %^Fno+chde}yc

t}qmyfbdbm cy~bd}jcy nbt~cj%IFn"( s}m ymt}j~c tmy

ndj61,g( Qcyc jkt c}~kydt db~cnkt mtm bhnbdm vcybc

mh~ym 6<* B % B ~ ? R 5=*=¤*f* mh Ikt qyb blmhb}t* `bmh

~yct s}m qcyc @cy~bh %325<" vcybc mh~ym 23*9- r

W22-( Mh d}cjs}bmy dctm* mj bhnbdm ki~mhbnk qcyc

^cijc 6 •(j ,8B:#|(dc?yq b W~ j Okt( `mnbnctmh `yh( IKT,qyb`bx*(`byj#??¼ 3 ?" (j b( ` kk}S#*32=5? 9" T~j#e]c #244? 4" Ch~ekhr 32>37 >" Ycgkvdd32=57 = " 3=1] j* ?} O c ( 3 2297 6 " &*t(xyB?O%"j 3 ( 2 > 9 7 ( O," L7#x B ? \ < 4 * 5 " C jh`c? 32<>(

^cijm 6( NbB^Bm( (xxbkjJxf `?@xxe Bh `bj~( Ikt qyb)Bxx,Ojy~?T? B" CO\#jOx}yl 32==7 9" T~mejbh 32447 4" Ch~ekhr 32>37 >" Ycgk

vm m 32=57 =p ^tk}gcjc 32,297 6" N~ , jxy # 78k j 32>¤7 f" Lmyimy 32<(4?5" Cjy}(j3O(W2<>(

=46 Dmkcysyjmkjklbc Z Qm~t~`khbk mjj +( 3 Qmhbht}jc jimy~dm (( m# m~}kyhk `mc~~mdyncmk

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x x - 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 x 0 0 x x x ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( - - - - - - - - - - - - - - x - - x x x - - x - - - - - - - 

9 <

S91<= 51*1 64*1 =5*S

S 9191 21*1

=

<451 c(

=+3 mncn6+3

66*1 >2*1 @bhnmj

51*1 61*1 =9*%p >=*1 64*1 >5*1 =1(1- <1*1- @b*hnmj

S9193 <6*1 =<*1 =1(11*1 <3 *<- @bhnmj4*S >5*1

>2M*B12 53*1 61*1 =1*1

<231 62*1 65*S >5*1 63*1 ==*1 =6*>- B <3*3- @bhnmj

6<*1 =4*1 @bhnmj

S9514 5=*1

C Gbjgbt 5=*= =4*1

21 *5 =6C

61*9 6>*1

6<*1 66*<

23*5

2<*=Lymdbc"xI Dc j` m ~y m

69*1 B 66*1 Qjmbt~kd

65*1 <1*1 (t}qmybky

22*1 B \}yyh B<*< 65*4

%Fychdbc" 31<*1 BB (

64*T5(1

D MlbqjK Ekjkdmh

3

65*1 ,B<*1 >>*1 6=*=

=2(L6(1 BB <2*1Lbibok >5*1 >2(1 65*6 j5*1 B 66*2

^cijc <( Ct~`l|k `dnbnct mh ``* 3"jkhlb|n jc~mycj? 9" jkhlo~}n `mtbcj( 4" nbn`mbyk ch~mykqkt~mybky jc~mycj7 >" nbcyhd~yk cyhm

ykqkt~yybky `mtbcj? =" nbcyhm~yk xhxx%Ky=1 `cub`k* 6" nie3"x~ykxybo#htZ,,,,ytk yykdjdc? <" nbcyhd~yk B ych|D^TK D,cj,bm}nt}q?mFbky( Ikt

qyb`blmhb}t? C" ,Bb,k}gcjc %3229"( I" L~?yidfwB2<4j( D" L*njjcyn %324>"* NO Cjy}hc %32<>"(

^cijm <( Nbyhm}tbkht ky Wex c)~ycl}j}t bh ``* B" jcbdycj jmhl~e7 9" `mtbcj jmhl~e? 4" ch~mykqkt~mybky jc~mycj kb?c dj,mf?**7"f" ch~myk

qkt~mybky `mtbcj nBc`mj1D =" `cub }h ~ychtvmytcj nbxjO?j~jmy? 6" W~)B3TxRx nbc m~my kf ~em ~ykdejmc( <" ~ychtvmytcj n]j dB ?xkf qyk

ub`cj mhn ( 51T qyb`blmhb}t? @ ^tkdgc~c %3229"* I" L~xykd(y%32<4"( %," Lcbjjcyn %324>"* K O Cj~}hc %32<>"(

Fbl}yc <( Ct~yclcjk nm Ikt chyys}}t qky tk dcyc ch~mybky( S

9191(

Fbl}ym <( Ct~yclcj}t kf 51T ch~bs}}t* S 9191( bh c mybky vbm(((((

mj Ikvbnk nm ^kyycjicCyhiykhc mt~c `}r jmokt

nm mtkt q ky ddh yc om t ((

39(- Mj ct~ynlcjk(

Qymtmh~c jct dcycd~myft~bdct qykqbct nmj

lmjKjmyk Ikt? mt yh} r yhcd bz k* mj t}ydk qjch~cy mt

chl}jktk* jc fktd~c qkt~myknbt~cj nm jc cy~bd}jc

dbkh qcyc mj dcjdchmk mt qmyqmhnbd}jcy cO mom nmj

ct~yclcjk r jc q ms }m ybc t }q my fbd bm cy~bd}jcy qcyc mj

dcjdchmk nm jc dcyc jc~mycj mt `}r cyhqjbc(

Jc fktc ch~mybky mt yh}r c`qjbc* qykf}hnc r

m t ~c t }in b vb nb n c mh nkt fktm~ct* 31 s}m Bm nbfmymh

dbc ~ch~k nm I( qyb blmhb}t dk`k nm Ibtkh %Fbl}

yc <"

C }hs}m vbmhnk jc ~cijc ch~mybky tm q }m nm h

chk~cy cjl}hct nbfmymhdbct ibk mbybdct dkh Ikt

qyb`blmhb}t* hk tkh `}r tblhbfbdcbb vct( Hk kd}

B^ D 31 `btyhk tb cqjbdcyhkt nkt bhnbdmt f}hncyhmh

~cjmt }~bjbzcnkt qky TdemB3_ %3246"* Jme`chh

%32>2" r T~c`qfjb %3264" qcyc nbfdymhdbcy jkt

ct~yclcjkt nm I( qyb blmhb}t r Ibtkh? mj Bhnbdm

jc~mycj %nbcyhm~yk ch~mykqkt~mybky jc~mycj u

BKKjjkhlb~}n jc~mycj" r mj Bhnbdd `mtbcj %nbcyhm~yk

chmmykqktymybky `mtbcj u jKK+jkhlb~}n `mtbcj"(

Jc vcybcdbkh mh jkt bhnbdmt mh mj Ikvbnk nm^kyycjicC`iykhc* dkh `cub k nm `ct nmj 51-*

Tm nmim c s}m ~ch~k mj nbcyhm~yk ch~mykqkt~mybky

= 4 <

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fhngm jc~mycj jhnbdm jc~mycjBhnbkd(•((c ~ 3 b ? ( , y } O BIkt3ih7cjic I( qyb`blmhb}t

=5*2-61*>-

Ibtkh

j 64(=-6>*4-

69(1-6=(3- =6*5-64*>- 3

Bhnbdm `mtbcj bhnbd~? ` m t b c j Bhnbdm `mtbcj

Ibtkh Ik t ^kh cj ic

Tdemy~z %246" =<*4-=<(<1+(? >=*2-61*>-

Jme chh %j2>2" =>*3-=<*5- =1*< ,-=<*9-

T~c`qfjb %3264" ==*=x=6*5- =>4-65*6- =2 *4-61*4- B

6 6*6 - 5 3 ((3 - B 63*<Bb bd#j6*K)bS

, Bcijc 5( bhnbd(? * nmj ctbyclcjk*

^4ijx 5( #hnd u kf ctyyclcebt(

jc~mycj dk`k mj ch~mykqkt~mybky `mtbcj tkh `crk

ymt s}m mh 51T qyb blmhbjjt r mh Ibtkh( tbmhnk

dtc Bc dc}tc nmj ctqmdbk ~ch yhcdbzk nmj e}dtk*

3 4 ( M B d cj dc hm c(

Tkjcyhmhym tm ec dkhtmyvcnk }h momyhqjcy*

4= R B( s}m tm dcycd~mybzc qky jc ymnkhnmz nm jc

q cy ~m t }q my bk y nmj b}imyd}jk* qky jc lych qykyhbhdhdbc nmj )qbdk, r qky mj qms}mybk ~cyhchk nm Bc

~}imyktbncn ch~mybky(

=45

Tmlbbh Jme`chh %32>2" mj `nbdd?

jkhlb ~}n nm Bc cy ~bd} jcdbkh qcyc m j ct~yc

lcjc u BKK+jkhlb~}n nm jc cy~bd}jcdbkh

qcyc mj ddh~yk~cytcj* vcybc mh~ym <1(2- r

<9*6:?1 qcyc 51T qyb`blmhb}t( T~c`qfjb

%264" nc }hc vcybcdbkh nm 51(2- r

29*4Ti( Mh m j domyhqjcy nm C iykhc mj

vcjky nm nbdek bhnbdd mt nm <1*6-(

Ibibgkvc %32=52 dt~cijmdbk s}m mj

bh nbd d? c hd e} yc nm jc c y~bd} jcdbkh qcyc

mj ctbyclcjk u 311+chde}yc nm jc cy~bd}

Bcdbkh qcyc mj dmh~yk~cytcj mh M* qyb b-

lmhb}t myc t}qmybky cj 311-* `bmh~yct

s}m qcyc T~c`qfjb v cybc ic m h~ym 51- r

335-( Mh mj momyhqjcy nm C`iykhc dt

nm 391*1-(

3>( ¤3 dmh~yk~cytcj(

k mtdcfkd}ikbnmt mt~c ymqymtmy}c

nk qky d}c~yk mod`qjcymt yh}r ibmh mkh

tmyvcnkt( Tm nbfmymhdbch nmj dmhyyk~cy

tcj nm I( qyb blmhb}t mh s}m vbt~k qky

t} dc yc by} dyhc * Bc q yk `bh mh dbc s}m vc c

mhdcocy dkh mj ct~yclcjk mt ymnkhnmcnc

F # l] j ?c 5 ( D dh ~y k~c yt cj n m Ikt }h bbs ~c§ ? qky t}

dcyc byhmyhc* S 9%"%">*

Fbl}ym T( Dmh~yk~cytcj kb I@ jbOjfbsjjjjT* S 9%UO>(

bh b(h,Wxhky vjd|*

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x ( bbjbqk~ybk?y( S 911>*

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bh qyhubyhcj vbm|*

Lmk}yd}mk~klb§ * Z Qt}b`khbk m h ~k Q m} bh t} }? ~k dd ~d c r m ~ mh ~kyhk `mc~ymy}bhdk

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^cijc 2((( ((wdnbn} dgj dmh~yk~cytcj

mh h}h*S 911> S 213 S 219 S 94 36

x----x-(*--(*---

^cijm 2( Nby}mhtbkht kf ~em ~mh

~yk~cytcb bjj yh`(<5 (1 29(1 5 =*1

- - - - - - - - - - , B - - - - - - - [ * - - - - - - - - - > - - - - - - - - y - - - x ¼ - - -

Chde}yc cy~bd} jcdbkh ctyyclc jk =<(1 <1 (1 6<*1x------ -- --x------

Chde}yc cyybd} jcdbkh dcjdchmk 36*1 32 *1 3>*1 3<(1------B----xx-x-[['-----*-y---, --

Nbcyhm ~yk ch ~m ykqkt ~m y bky `cub`k <1 (1 <4 *1 <=(1---x----x-------'------'------

Jkhl by}n cy~bd} jcdbk· ` m~c ~c ytbchk =5p " >>*1--B------>------x------y--x----

=1*1

C hde}yc ` cub` c

mh j}lc y nm q}hbbcl}nc

dk`k mh Ikt r Ibtkh R t}

ictm mt Bch ymnkhnmcnc s} m

td` doc }h dkhnbjk %m h Ikt

qyb`blmhb}t mt chl}jktc r

tkiymtcjm c `knk nm qbdk r

31 yh btyhk t}ddnd mh Ibtkh"*

r mh s}m v bt ~k qky t} dcyc

t} qm ybky ( jc t nkt fktm~ct n m

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tmqcycnct qky }hc qms} mfjc D,Obm=,\ mmh~ycj * jjj]R

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3=* Mj `m~c~cytbchk(

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lc jk+chde} yc c y~bd} jcdbkh qcyc m j ddh~yk ~c ytcj

vcybc* tml}h T~c`qfjb %m h Ikmtthmg 3264" qcyc

Ikt qyb blmhb}t myhym <1(2- r 59(6:77 ,r mh Ibtkh

mh~ym 5<- r 31%P*??#Z,)) Mh h}mt~yk dct} mtm Bhnbdmec ydt} j~cnk tmy n m x15*6,<y?( `}r t}qmybky c jk t

ncnkt qcyc jk t d ~""O tOj jKvbnkt (

Tdl}h Tdemy~z %3246" mh jc dcimzc qykub

` cj mj chl}jk f % P " F N j c d b k qky m j ikynm nm jct fcdm~ct

c y~bd }jc ym t q cy c jk t ,x cytc jmt 4> mt nm 34)[99, %m h

Ibtkh vchc mhjyx9 ,9± , r >1 ,"( mh dj m omyhqjcy nm I(

qyb`blmhb}t nm L bibok %C jy}hc 32<>" mt nm 4=) r

mh m j Ikv bnk n m ^kyycjic C yhiykhc dt nm >9)

%Fbl}yc 31"*

36() ~%O(xo~?~#`j"%pfP?*

Jc y}w ~O?" j₪xZ7 jf jO jc# bjlm qym tm h~c jc dc yc bh ~dyn b

lb~cj ` ] O f , qbejfjc7 mj mu~ym m qykub` cj mt vkj}yhb

hktk R qjKtmmj ]bjy7o y7cy77?# y}~bd}jcy dkhdcvc dkh }h

t}ydk dmh~ycj x y n , S T O xcDmj7ijc~mycjmt qcyc jkt e} m

C I IBC D N Nbm M F F(3113M Mncn

S 9195 66*1 6=*1 1(*25 94*1 9=*1 315*6 - @bhnm j

S 9199 54*1 4<*1 1*>> @bhnm j

S 9<23 <=*1 4=*1 17>6 @bhnmj

BLymdbc 59=- Q bm * t }q m ybk y

9 j~cjbc <6*1 <9*1 1 ( * 2 > B Qcjmk#( Bhfmybky

4 M l bq ~k <5*%Ox >=(1 1*=< Qcjmk#, Bhfmybky

> L bibok %C jc vc" 6>*1 <9*1 < *4 5 1 cfbkt

^cijc 31( @d~c~cytychkt* `mnbnht mh y} * C" Nj*`hm~yk0\j# B K dcimz} qykub`cgI" Nbc`m~yk hh~mykqkt~mybky dcimzc qykub

`cj7 D" Nbn mbyk ByOxdTZ,my(7SSid(zxnbt~cj7 N" Nb?x}k bjOP~xB7WOQ?7~x~jxyb(Sydcimjcnbt~cj7 5? " Jkhlbyhn cy~g}jbj,Db*S3O qtyc kj,jDDj3bfS~bB^

xbj j( F" Jkhlby}n b}3(bdbjjcdbj"K qc yc m j ct~ yclcjk ( (IKT,qyb+jjb¤mOjbxO,? B" ^tk}gcej 3223 7 9" (Ibb#Sbjx] r D}t= *k j b * j2@ 7 4" Lxbj3cyn 32??3>7

>" Cj ~}hc 32<>*

^cijm 31( Nbyhmhtbmht kf j(exx~?cB0jj3" bjj ``* C" b(y`~tZ)%x~x,cjbcy}m~my cf~im Q f K b ,( ( b` ( : ] mxn?* Iochymykqdt~mybky nb0j@ kf ~emqykub }jmhn? D" ~ychtvmytcj nb* y}BBxjxySf~im nbt~cj mhn7 1" (( ((BjxT~mh%b^ nbc mmmy kf ~ix n~=x3 m(Bjn7 M" Jxjj#j?` kf jex }y~jd}jcybkh

fk y ~e m x((?h~`j(:],t)*b7 ,F" B dh l ?~ e k f ~ em c y~ jm } jd ~b kh f d ? : y , x ct~yclcj}t( 51T j,yb`b*s*ffobb(fjK? 3" ^ 7 7 1 , B B j , b j O ? c 3229 7 ) 9 " Ib3jZn,bjj(} r D 4# jy kO b 3 2 65 7

4" L cbjjch ??jB24>7 >" C j~}hc 32 <>[

=42

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S 39<> S 3959 >3N(45 BJbjbchc 9 Mychdbc 4 T}jzc > Lbibok ~Cjc*vc"

ch~mybky ch~mybky qktjmhky > moJ#jfjqjcymt JcDcj`m}m( >mod`qjcymd5 Ch~dybkymtqkt~dybkymt

Jkhlb~}n 66*1 65(1 <4*1 <>*1)<6*1 <=(5 <6*< 62*=<1*1 <1*=x<4(1

Chde( qykub`cj 96*1 92 * 1 4=*1 45(1>6*1 >4*6 4=*5 >3*=>1*= 4<*=45*=

--Chde( nbt~cj 96*1 95 ((1 >1*1 4>(1>9(1 45*4 45*1(42(1 4=*1>4*=

Chde( nb~bj(xtbt 9>*(1 95*= 49*1 4=*=4=*= 92*=49(1

Chdi* qyx(?VjkSl( 1(42 1*>9 1*>> 1*=31*61 1 * =< 1 *>6 1*=21*=5 1*=91*=4

Mncn @bhnmj @bhnmj @bhnmj QcjmkjfybdkB

\}y` B Ekjkdmhm <451 cbbkt

^cijc 33( @dnbnbj(. nm Bbb qyb`m~(bO(fcj7Oj#f3dD3" yj3(3"P* IS(q7yb`bl(#xjbjj7#)*¼ B" Ekkbomy 3263? 9" Lmyimy 32<47 4" Nk~~ymht 32><7 >" Cj~}

hc 32<>(

^cijm 33* Nb`xN(.~kkt kfx ,Qyku[ b`B j O qe&j(c@ bh `yh* Iktq,yb(EjbmxO3*es? 3" (E(kkjOmy 326J 9" Lmyimy 32<47 4" Nk}ymht 32><7 >"

oZj~}hc 32<>(

Fbl}yc 3(1( Mx(~yxB?B"Kykt bhbcj nc `d~`}ytb}hm nm Ikt ch~bs}}t q}y t}

dcyc ch~xh?ky* S 31?9&(

Fbl}ym xK(Qykub`cj mhn kf %#B3Omjjy~`cO kf 51T \#~b,%%BBjBB)* S 9195* bh cyhm

y bk y v bm |*

Fbl}yc 33( Txt}hn5(T fcjcklm t nm Ikt ch~bs}}t vbt~ct qky t} dcyn qykub

`cj* S 31P GS 914?9 r S 9==4(

Fbl}ym Bf* Tmdkhn qecjcy} 7 kf Ikt cyhbs}}t S 3135* S 9149 chn S 9==4(

bh q yku b cj v bm |(

tkt tmtc`kbnmkt7 jc dcyc qcj cy qydtmh~c nkt ~}imyktb

ncnmt tmqcycnct qcy }hc nmqymtbkh r jc dcyc cy~bd}jcy nbt

~cj mt~c nbvbnbnc qky }h t}ydk mh nkt Bcdm~ct dkhvmuct(

Nm jct `mnbnct m fhnbdm chcjbzcnkt tm nmn}dm s}m

jc qyb`myc fcjchlm nmj Ikt nm ^kyycbicCyhiykhc qktmm

}h bhnbdm chde}yc qykub cj+jkhlby}n %1(4>1*42" `mhky

s}m mj dkhkdbnk qcyc Ikt qyb blmhb}t %1*>6 c 1*61" nmib

nk c s}m Bc chde}yc `cub`c qykub`cj mt bcyhibmh `mhky(

Jc x }hnc fbjj?chx mt dky~c r chdec* Jc dcyc cy~b

d}jcy qykUbCjcj qymtmh~c }hc dymt~c dmh~ycj j, mj mu~ym`k

nbt~cj }h t}ydk dmh~ycj qkdk `cydcnk( Jc qykyhbhmhdbc

nkytcj mt~c `}r `cydcnc r mh cjl}hkt dctk cjdchzc lych

jc`chc7 dj dkhnbjk nbt~cj mt cj~k r ymnkhnmcnk r mj dkh

o}h~k fky c ]B]j qbmzc `cdbzc r `}r f}my~m %Fbl}yc BB"

=> 1 L,mkcys}mkjkl%c (Z Qm~y~`kh#§ mh fc Qdhbhth~h bim~bdt (3 ) m~ mh~kyhk `mnjjdyydjhmk

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C Jkhlb~}n I Chde( qyku( D C hdh ( n bt~* N Chde* nbcf( B? I +C Mncn

S 31 35 ch~mybky >=*1 (49*1 9=*1B

9< (1 1*<3B

@bhnm j

S 39<3 ch~mybky >4*1 344*1 9<*1 9<*1 1*<6 B @bhnmj

*

S 9149 qkt~mybky ><*1 >9*1 49*1 4=*1 3 1*52 @bhnmj

S 9==4 qkt~mybky =3(1 4<*1 43*1 49*1 1*<9 @bhnn

S9==3 qkt~mybky =1*1 >=(1 ([ ( 4<*1 1(21 @bhnmj

BJbichk %> momyh(" >6(1=2*1 4T*1>6*S 92*1>4*1 1*<61(<< Qcjdkjb~bdk

9 Jc Dyk}zcnm %Fy" ==(< >9*= 46(> - 1*<6 \bbyy} BB

4 T}bzc qkt~mybky =1*1 44*1 95*1 9=*= 1*66 Ekjdddhk

> Lbibok ch~mybky >5*1>5*= >3*1 49*144*1 1*5>1*5= <451 chkt

Lbibok qkt~mybky >5*1>2*= 4571>3*1 92(143(1 1*<61*59 <451 chkt*

^cijc 39( @dnbnct nm jc tdl}hnc fcOchld mh yh`( Ikt q *3` bl ,b (# j b* b j} ¼ 7 j yEkkbomy 326379" Lmyimy 32<4? O" Nk}ymht 32><? >" Cj~}hc 32<>(

^cijm 39( Nb`mhtbkht kf ~em tmdkhn qecjchu bh `hj(Ikt qyb`O?xcob,}t7 j"Ckkbody 3263? 9" Ldyddy 32<4? 4" Nk}ymht 32><? >" Cj~}hc

32<>(

Jct fcjchlmt ch~mybkymt nmj Ikvbnk nm

^kyycjicCyhiykhc ~bmhdh }hc chde}yc qykub`cj

`mhky s}m mh Ikt qyb blmhb}t `bmh~yct s}m mh

jct qkt~mybkymt mtc chde}yc mtyc nmh~yk nm jkt

jB`b~mt nm mt~c mtqmdbm( Mj bhnbdd chde}yc qykub

`cj+jkhlb~}n cjdchzc }h `cub`k nm 1(21 mh

h}mt~yk Ikvbnk* t}qmybky ¤BBcjdchzcnk qky mj ykykqyb`blmhbk(

Jc ~mydm¤4 ~xEBEhlm vbt~c qky t} dcyc qjch~cy

~bmhm jkt ikynmt dctb ymd~kt( Mh S 9==9 mj ikynm

mu~mybky mt `}r chdek r qymtmh~c mh t} `cylmh

lychnmt muqchtbkhmt* fkyyhchnk }h chl}jk nm

61d

* dkh dj ikynm bh~myhm? mh S 9192 dj ikynm

mu~mybky mt jbtk r fky`c }h chl}jk nm >=) dkh

mj ikynm bh~mybky? mh S 9==9 cqcymdm }h

tcjbmh~m ymnkhnmcnk ddydc nm jc dcyc bh~myhc

s}m hk cqcymdd mh S 91927 mj ikynm qkt~mybky

nm S 9==9 mt Bjj]R chdek v fky`c }h chl}jk

nm 51± dkh mj ikynm mu~myhk* mh S 9192 mtm

chl}jk mt nm 6=)( Tmlbbh Ymvbjjbkn r Nk~~ymht

wB2>6"* mh jkt ~kykt cd~}c~mt mt~ct fcjchlmt tm

cqjct~ch dkh jc dncn r vch ~kyhchnk jc cqc

ybmhdbc nm }h qbm qjchk* nm `knk s}m hkt

mhdkh~yc`kt dkh nkt bhnbvbn}kt nm nbfmymh~m

mncn* }} lych cn}j~k* %S 9==9" r }h okvdh

%Fbl}yc 39"*

jF jl}j)jB 3 *9 (^mydmyct fcjc#jZlx nm Ikt ch~bs}}t vbt~ct q1~

tk dcyc jh~myhc( S 9192* S 9==9(

Fbl}ym 39* Bh~mybky vbm| kf ~em ~ebyn qecjchu kf I}t

ch~bs}}t* S 9192* S 9==9(

Tmlbbh jkt yhbt`kt c}~kymt* vbt~c jc~mycj

`mh~m* mh jkt bhnb vbn}kt okvmhdt Wc fcjchlm mt

dkybc r ymjc~b vc`mh~m `}r cj~c* mj ~cjkh fcj~c qky

dk`qjm~k r mj ikynm mu~myhk nm jc t}qmyfbdbm cy~b

d}jcy dcm c qjkyhk %S 9192"( Wc tbj}m~c jkyhc

ctqmd~k nm } h ~ yb ch l }j k `ct 1 `mh kt btktdmjmt mh

mj s}m mj ~}imyd}jk t}qmybky yhcydc mj vmhbdm( Mhjkt bhnbvbn}kt cn}j~kt mj ~cj6h tm yhcydc dcnc vmz

`ct r tkiymtcjd fkyyhchnk }h lych tcjbdh~m* lmhm

ycj`mh~m cfb jcnk* Mh S 9==9 hk t}dmnm ~c j dktc c

qmtcy nm tdy }h lych cn} B~k( tbhk s}m mj ~cjkh mt

ymnkhnmcnk r hk tkiymtcjm( tbhk s}m td yd~ycm

i cd bc c nd h~y k(

=>3

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51T QYB@BLMHB]T

51T NM^KYYCJ5C

Fbl}yc 34( Nbclh}hc DDjBjxxj(jV%" nm jct jkh&b}jdj%,*t(,OKjpl}~xdb`jm(b nm 3(wOxxfD:??f5 Wb33bj(hld( mh Ikt qyb blq*b 7 r WOS, chjbs}Ojt*

Fbl}ym 34( Nbc%#`` dk qcybhl ~em(Bmhlye chn jem( xlg kf ~ebyn qecjchu kf Ic t qyb)fbxb,W#B#b}t chn Ikt B3BB(jby3j:j%*=?*

S 91x2 Z S 9=x9 BB( S ?\O*SB C"xjjb7jC ,( ,B¼ C" T}ec YS¥~m(ybkf I" Lbibok chjdy?wky I Lbiboc q~x)gybSf*

ch~dhky B qkt~Jxhky # xchjmy7ky%>"* x9" %4" %?>p

Mh c`ikt dctkt r qky jc dcyc bh~myhc dubt~m

}h mhky`m kybfbdbk h}~ybdbk qky nmicok nmj ~}imy

d}jk t}qmybky( k~yk qky nmicok nm jc t}qmyfbdbm

cy~bd}jcy(

Jc ~mydmyct fcjchlmt qydtmh~ch jct yhcrkydt

nbfmymhdbct `kyfkjklbdct r ibk`mbybdct dkh Ikt

qyb`blmhb}t tkiym ~knk c hbvmj nm jc cy~bd}jcdbkh

qcyc jc tdl}hnc fcjchlm r mj chl}jk fkyyhcnk

mh~ym jc ictm r mb nkytk nm jc fcjchlm( s}m vcybc

mh~ym 42)>6±( yhbmh~yct s}m mh dj ~kyk qybyhblmhbk

J J%jxl?b`?n3=7%" 2>*1 B 53*> <2(9 21(1(¼29(1 <2*154(=

9( Jkhlby}nnkytcj 61(1 <1(1 <3(1 B =5*2 63(=

y? 9 f3 1*51 S(<> B 1 ( • (39 1 (<2

mt nm 4=±* nbfdymhdbc s}m cqcymdm yh}r djcyc mh jc

Fbl}yc W4(

>( DCJD]JK NM JC CJ^]YC MH , [ > DY]_

Nbvmytkt c}~kymt ech qym~mhnbnk dcjd}jcy Wc

~cjjc nmj c}ykde dch }hc vcybcdbkh s}m vc nmtnm

jkt 9*41 ` %Lmycyn BT<#" ict~c jkt 3(=1W*61 `

%Ikdtthddg #252"( ~dhbdhnk tbdyhqym mh d}mh~c

}hc nbtyy}h}dbkh nm ~c`cbbk nmtnd mj Qjmbt~kdmhm

4( Chde( cy~bdhjck( 41(1 46(1 =1(1 B 4T*3 42(4 41*3"(43*= 9<*(192=

>( Jkhl7 chbm}jcd =671 69*1 j ><(> >6=

Chl}jk %jkx >61 >91 4 , 2 1 B 4?=1 4=1

^cijc 34( @mnbnct nm 373#xykx*yhfcjcjj*x m7jj3BNh) Ikt Wjyb bl~`?*b(~#?y7C" x~~m#Jx P2(O<¼( i" Cb~}hc 32<>(

^cijm 34( Nb dxxok(boT kf jf}0?jibyn qecjchu bh `yh* Ikt qyo b777xfj)o?jt7C"WpS0kt 32><7 i" Cj~}hc 32<>(

= > 9 Lmktys}mk~kdb· r Qt~~ b khbk mh jc Qmhfht}jc Bimybdc r mj mh~k~hk `mhhmyymhmk

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Jkhlby}n Jkhlb~}n

S9111 92(1 92(1

S9349 9=(< 9=(<

B Fkh~mdemvcnm %Fychdbc" 9>(196(9 %=" 9>(196(9 %="

9 Ib jjchdk}y~ %Fychdbc" 9=(69<(6 9=(69<(6

4 Tjkvmhbc 9=(1 9=(1

> B ~c jbc

= Gbjgbt %Lyddbc" 9=(=96(= %4" 9=(=96(= %4"

6 Jc Dcjyhm~~m %Fychdbc" 9>(5 9>(5

< Jc Dyk}zcnm %Fychdbc" 94(> 94(>

5 Jc Yks}m~m BB %Fychdbc" 9=(2 9=(2

2 Nbhc`cydc 9>*=9=(3 9>(=9=(3

31 Lbibok %Cjcvc" 94(6 94(6

ect~c mj Ekjkdmhm qdyk hk tbdyhqym mj nbyhkyfbt`k

tmu}cj %\bo}lccynmhIcggmy 332:Ej* Qcyc B D j } b f j , -

~cyn %911 B" R tml}h jc ymlbkh n, d M}yNqc s}m .D

dkhtbndym* mj Ikt qyb`7,f#*|h7BB?x bbjjn Qjntjxzxh%T"

~mhnyfc }hc ycjjc nm 3(6=3(51 `rmj n mj E kjk dm

hk mh~ym 3*>= R 3*61 yh*

Qmtm c hk qktmmy }bhlbbh e}mtk dk`qjm~m nm

31 = `bm`iykt* mudmq~k nkt `m~cdcyqbchkt( qknm

yhkt bh~mh~cy cvdybl} cy jc cj~}yc mh jc dy}z nmj

~kyk nm ^kyycjicC`iykhc cqjbdchnk jkt fcd~kymt

~k`cnkt qky Fkdg %3266" qcyc mj dcjd}jk nm jc

cj~}yc nmj ldhmyk Ict(

Tb mj fcd~ky nm Fkdg mt cqjbdcijm cj ~kyk

f6tbj* tm q}mnm cfby`cy s}m cj yhdhkt }hkt nm jkt

momyhqjcymt nm ^kyycjicCyhiykhc `mnbc `ct nm 9

` nm cj~}yc* t}qmychnk dkh yh}dek jc cj~}yc nm jkt

momyhqjcymt nm Ikt qyb`blmhb}t dkh 31 s}m edyhkt

qknbnk dk`qcycy mtjm nc~k( bhdj}bnk mj ~bqk

%Ikoch}t 3595" s}m nmibc cjdchzcy }hc ~cjjc nm

341 d`(

=( NBTD]T^KH R DKHDJ]TBKHMT

Qcyc Ncvbt %325<"* jct zkhct tblhbfbdc~bvct

nmj dts}mjm~k nm jkt ]hl}jcnkt tkh?

() Dcimzc? zkhc qkt~mybky nm jc yhchnfi}jc r

~mydmy `kjcy bhfmybky

,;, @bm iyk ch~mybky? e }yh myk %d ci dz c n j* b?,7 ,~c PN (

ycnbk %dcimzc nbt~cj" r `d~cdcyqbchk ?Kmcf}m*

zc nbt~cj"

^hijc 3>( Jkhlb~}n nmj 33jD#KjDxf,

qbchk x,^ j myh*

51T qyb`bfO*|bjjt? B" Cyc ik}yl

32T ?M * 9 " Cj3jekjjR 32 > B 7 4 O Y}gk

vmm 32==7 >" Jmkhcynb 32>?Z* ="

ftk(*gkZjc #2hx 6* <( x" Lmyimy

32<4? 2" Nmlmyicj32<1? 31"Cj~}

hc 3 2 < ( k j (

^hijm 3>( xgJxDb#(jOjjjj ghlOB3 bh

m` ( Ik t qy7 ,`bl*@b@? B" Cy}yh

ik}yl "2=5? 9"C`jykhr x2>374"

Y cgkZ%"(d J 2==7 >" J mkh ch jb 3 3"kBo¼?

.p ^th}gcjc 32297 6(<* T" Lmyimy*

,3 2< 4? 2 "N : *k "x kk B3 2< 1? 3 1" Cjy}¼

hc 32<>

@bmyhiyk qkt~mybky? ~bibc %mcimzc nbt~cj"*

wytjj,clcjk( dcjdchmk r yhm~c~cytbchk %dcimzc

nxt~cx"

• f7j# ch lm ,"77 *jj|b`myc r ~dyddyc*

Qc` .djemfb~z %3246"( mh jkt Ikvbnkt bbmhdh

dcy7g~M?y nbcO7hb?j*tdb|?

• D ,c ix ,j%c d m myh c` mh ~c (

• @*bm`,Kyjj# ch~mybky? `d~cdcyqbchk %dcimzc

qyku bh, j8 , jx "3

@bmyhiyk qkt~mybky? ct~yclcjk* dcjdchmk r

`d~c~cytbchk %dcimzc qykub`cj"(

Mh mj dctk nm jkt Ikvbnkt nm ^kyycjic

Cyhiykhc dkh~c`kt dkk mjm`mh~kt tblhbfbdc~bvkt

r nm n bc lh kt ~b dk t }f bd bm h~ mt qcyc nbfmymhdbcy T}t

ymt~kt nm jkt nm Ikt qyb blmhe~t(

Dkyhcyhmh~c? mB vcjky nmj nbcyhm~yk vmy~bdcj

nm jc ictm nmj ctyc mt yhmhky 1 `crky s}m mj

vcjky nmj nbcyhm~yk vmy~bdcj( Mh I( qyb`blm-

hb}t dj nbcy}m~yk vmy~bdcj nm jc ictm nmj ct~c

mt `mh ky s}m m j n bc` m~y k ekybzkh~cj nm jc

y}btyhc*

D hbh mk? jc Bkh lby}n nm B c d ym tbc kddbqb~cj dt

`crky s}m mh I( qyb blmhb}t* mj dychmk nmj

ikvbnk nm ^kyycjicCyhiykhc mt ^ B j * # T cj~k (

Nmh~bdbkh? mj ~mydmy jki}jm nmj ~mydmy `kjcy

Bh,jZI~NbkbjT, jn:Bfjl}jcy r jbtk* tbh chl}jcdbk

hdt h } Btcjbxhj~G(xx8bhk s}m dt dk`bh}cdbkh

nmP xOm8njx , 7e*xoxBjkhlb~}nbhcj nmj nbmh~m( Mh I (

=>4

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qyb`blmhb}t qymtdh~c }h tcjbmh~m yh}r `cy

dcnk mh jc dcyc jbhl}cj r fky`c }h chl}jk

`ct 1 yhmhkt cl}nk dk jc dcyc jcibcj(

• Mtdcq}jc? jc dcvbncn ljmhkbndc ~bmhd }h

dkh~k`k }hbfky`m r mj qykdmtk y}imyktk*

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mB dkh~kyhk nm jc dcvbncn ljmhkbnmc tm

m htc hd ec jc ~d yk dc }n cjyh mh ~m ( dkh }h

mh~ych~m `cydcnk jc~mykdychmcj r dj qykdm

tk ~}imyktm* qkdk nmtcyykjjcnk( tm mt~ych

l}jc mh t} }hbkh dkh jc d cv bn c n*

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dbkh nbt~cj ybmhm }h `crky nmtcyykjjk s}m mh

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mubtbmy}m mh Ikt qyb`blmhb}t(

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nm I( qyb`blmhb}t mh s}m vbt~k qky t} dcyc

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=3(

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= > > Lmkcys}mkjkl+c r Qt~~~`k}bk mh fc Qmhbht}jc ~imy~dt (B, mOmh~k~}k ~hmk~~myymhmk

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Ibimytkh* Q (* I jb~zm y* G ( \ ( R Dkjjbht* N (

%32<1"( MW rcdb`bmyhk cdem}jmhtm nm Cyhiykhc

%qykv( nm Tkybc "( Q}i( Nmqcy~c`mh~k Qcjmkh-

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lbdc Tcj c}~bdmhtbc UUBU( 33=39=(

F}mh~mt Vbncy~m* D( %3226" ( ^kyycjic

C`iykhc? }h dctk nm dcyykfbmk tmjmd~bvm( Dk|t

nm Tkybc 34( 4<(

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= > =

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Ek|mj j * F( D7 I}~zmy* M ( r Cl} byym * M (

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D }c ~m yh cybk n m C yh iykh c( Ikj( Y( Tkd( Mtqchkjc#bbtj( Hcy( %Dmkj" 62(35<321(

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