ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТЫ ПО АВТОМАТИЧЕСКОМУ РАЗРЕШЕНИЮ ЛЕКСИКО-СЕМАНТИЧЕСКОЙ НЕОДНОЗНАЧНОСТИ И ВЫДЕЛЕНИЮ КОНСТРУКЦИЙ

CTpyKTypHaJI l'I n p l'I Kil 3A H aJI 11 "1 H re "1 CT"1 Ka

9

ISSN 0202-2400

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159


0. A. Mitrofanova, 0. A. Lyashevskaya, M.A. Grachkova, A. S. Shimorina, A. S. Shurygina, S. V. Romanov

EXPERIMENTS ON AUTOMATIC WORD SENSE DISAMBIGUATION AND CONSTRUCTION IDENTIFICATION

(Based on Russian National Corpus)

Summary. The research project reported in this paper aims at automatic extraction of linguistic information from contexts in the Russian National Corpus (RNC) and its subsequent use in building a comprehensive lexicographic resource - the Index of Russian lexical constructions. The proposed approach implies automatic context classification intended for word sense disambiguation (WSD) and construction identification (Cxl). The automatic context processing procedure takes into account the following types of contextual information represented in the RNC multilevel annotation: lexical (lemma) tags (lex), morphological tags (gr), lexical-semantic (taxonomy) tags (sem), and combinations of the various types of tags. Multiple experiments on WSD and Cxl are performed using RNC representative context samples. In each series of experiments we analyze (1) different context markers of meaning of target words and (2) constructions including context markers and target words.

Keywords: Word Sense Disambiguation, constructions, construction identification, Russian National Corpus, context classification

1. Bse,n;euHe

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R3bIKe Python. l1ttcTpyMeHT WSD H Cxl co3,zi;aeT BCKTOptty10 Mo,zi;enh

3KCnepHMCHTaJibHOH BbI6opKH; B KaqecTBe 6a30BOfO amopHTMa Bbl-

6paH amopHTM KJiaccmp11Ka1J;HH c yq11TeJieM. ITporpaMMa pa6oTaeT

B ,ll;Byx pe)f(HMax: <PopMHpOBaHHe KJiaCCOB KOHTCKCTOB, COOTHOCHMbIX

c OT,ll;CJibHblMH 3HaqeHHRMl1 IJ;CJICBOfO CJIOBa; reHepaIJ;HH CilHCKOB HaH-

6onee qacTOTHbIX KOHCTPYKIJ;HH, B KOTOpbIX pean113yeTc11 TO HJIH HHoe

3HaqeH11e IJ;CJieBoro CJIOBa. ITp11 aBTOMaT11qecKOH o6pa6oTKe KOHTeKCTOB

yq11Tb1BaIOTCR pa3Hble Tl1Ilbl TeroB, np11cyTCTBYIOIIJ;HX B MHOroypoBHe

BOH pa3MCTKe HKP.51: Tern lex, gr, sem, KOM611tta1J;1111 TeroB pa3HblX T11noB

(lex+gr, lex+sem, sem+gr, lex+sem+gr). Bo3MO)f(HO BapMtpoBaHHe TaK11x

napaMeTpOB 3KCnepHMCHTOB, KaK IIIHpHHa KOHTCKCTHOro OKHa [-l; +r],

o6pa60TKa c yqeTOM/6e3 yqeTa BCCOB KOHTCKCTHblX 3JICMCHTOB. KoM

IlbIOTepHbIH 11HCTpyMeHT TaK)f(e npe,zi;oCTaBJIBeT ,ll;OilOJIHl1TCJibHbIC CTa

THCTHqecKHe ,zi;aHHblC.

ITpoIJ;e.zi;ypa attan113a n11HrB11cT11qecKoi1 11tt<PopMa1J;11H npo113BO,IJ;HTCR

rne,zi;y10ni:11M o6pa30M. Ha 3Tane npe,zi;o6pa6oTKH B 3Kcnep11MeHTaJibHOH

BbI6opKe onpe,zi;eJIBeTCR q11cJIO KOHTCKCTOB Ha Ka)f(,ll;Oe 113 3HaqeHl1H IJ;e

JICBOfO CJIOBa. ,[l;JIR Ka.)f(,IJ;OfO 113 3HaqeHl1H <PopMHpyIOTCR o6yqaIOIIJ;CUI

164


Bb16opKa ( cnyqaHHblM o6pa30M OT06paHHble KOHTeKCTbl co CIDITOH

HeO}l;H03Ha'IHOCTbIO, r,o;e peaJI113yeTC.R: paccMaTp11BaeMoe 3Ha'!ett11e)

11 TeCTOBa.R: Bbr6opKa (KOHTeKCTbl, }l;Jl.R: KOTOpblX npOBO}l;l1TC.R: aBTOMaTl1-

qecKoe pa3perneH11e Heo,o;H03Ha'IHOCT11 6e3 yqeTa anp11opHOH Jll1HfB11-

CT11'1eCKOH 11tt<l>opMal.l1111). Ha :nane Marn11Httoro 06yqett11.R: np0Bo,o;11TC.R:

<t>opM11poBaH11e CTaT11CT11'1eCK11X o6pa30B 3Ha'!eHl1H lleJieBoro CJIOBa.

06pa3 3Ha'!eH11.R: eCTb BeKTOp B BeKTOpHOM npocTpaHCTBe, Koop,o;11HaTbl

KOToporo onpe,o;eJI.R:IOTC.R: '!aCTOTaMl1 BCTpeqaeMOCTl1 TeroB lex, gr l1Jll1

sem B 06yqa10ll.leH Bb16opKe. YcTaHaBJI11Ba10Tc11 ,o;11cTp116yl.l1111 TeroB pa3-

JI11'1HbIX T11noB B Bb16opKe. Ha 3Tane pacno3HaBaH11.R: o6pa30B TecTOBbie

KOHTeKCTbl npe,o;cTaBJI.R:IOTC.R: KaK BeKTopa B BeKTOpHOM npocTpaHCTBe.

Yl3Mep.R:eTC.R: pacCTO.R:Hl1e Me)K,o;y KOHTeKCTHbIMl1 BeKTOpaM11 11 Ka)K}l;blM

113 o6pa30B 3Ha'!ett11l1. B Ka'!ecTBe MepbI 6m13ocT11 6brna Bb16patta Mepa

Cos ( v1, v), no3BOJI.R:IOll.la.R: BbI'll1CJI.R:Tb Koc11ttyc yrna Me)K,o;y KOHTeKCTHbI

MH BeKTopaM11, CM. <t>opMyny (1):

(1)

Bb1611paeTC.R: o6pa3, K KOTOPOMY KOHTeKCTHblH BeKTop pacnoJIO)KeH

6Jil1)Ke Bcero, ff lleJieBOMY CJIOBY B KOHTeKCTe npffill1CbIBaeTC.R: 3Ha'leH11e

6JI11)KaHrnero o6pa3a •

.Uanee rrp0Bo,o;11Trn npoBepKa Ka'!eCTBa pa3perneH11.R: neKc11Ko-ceMaH

T11'!eCKOH HeO}l;H03Ha'IHOCTl1: cpaBHl1BalOTC.R: pe3yJibTaTbl aBTOMaTl1'!e

CKOH ff pyqttoH o~pa6oTKl1 KOHTeKCTOB, 01.leHffBaIOTC.R: TO'IHOCTb p (,o;oJIH

KOHTeKCTOB B TeCTOBOH Bb16opKe, }l;Jl.R: KOTOpblX 3Ha'!eHffe lleJieBOfO CJIOBa

6blll0 pacn03HaHO Beptto) 11 IlOJIHOTa R (,o;OJIH KOHTeKCTOB B TeCTOBOH Bbl-

6opKe, }l;Jl.R: KOTOpbIX 6blll0 npffIDITO Bepttoe mrn Olllff60'!HOe pernem1e).

ABTOMaTff'lecKoe Bb1,o;enett11e KOHCTPYKlll1H npoff3BO}l;l1TC.R: Ha octtoBe

CTaTl1CTl1'1eCKHX ,o;aHHblX 0 CO'leTaeMOCTff lleJieBblX CJIOB 11 KOHTeKCTHblX

MapKepoB ffX 3Ha'!ett11l1: TeroB lex, gr 11 sem. Co'!eTaeMOCTHa.R: 11tt<l>opMa

llff.R: 113BJieKaeTc.R: 113 06yqa10ll.leH Bb16opK11. Pe3ynhTaT pa6oTbI nporpaM

MbI oTpa)KaeTC.R: B B11,o;e cnffcKa qacTOTHbIX KOHCTPYKllHH (KoM611Halll1H

lleJieBoro CJIOBa 11 CTaTffCTl1'!eCKl1 3Ha'll1MblX JieBOCTOpOHHl1X 11 npaBO

CTOpOHHHX KOHTeKCTHblX MapKepoB) c ,o;aHHblMl1 0 'laCTOTe BCTpeqaeMo

CTH Ka)K}l;OH KOHCTPYKI.lffl1 11 c rrepe'IHRMl1 neKceM, peaJiff3YIOll.ll1X 3Ha'!e

Hl1.R: KOHTeKCTHbIX MapKepoB B cocTaBe KOHCTPYKI.ll1H.

165


4. IlapaMeTpbI 3KCnep11MCHTOB

.D;1111 onpeJJ,enemrn HaHJI)"IWHX napaMeTpos aBTOMaTw1ecKoro pa3-

peweHHJI JieKCHKO-CeMaHTH'leCKOH HeOJJ,H03Ha'IHOCTH H BbIJJ,eJieHHH

KOHCTPYKJ..\HH 6brno nposeJJ,eHo CBhiwe 6000 3KcnepHMeHTOB, Hanpas-

11eHHbIX Ha 1) ycTaHOBJieHHe KoppeJIHQHH Me)l(JJ.Y TeraMH lex, gr H sem, Ha OQeHKY HaJJ,e)!<HOCnt pa3JIH'IHbIX KpHTep11eB (lex, gr, sem, HX KOM6H

HaQHH lex+gr, lex+sem, sem+gr, lex+sem+gr) H onpeJJ,e11eH11e ycrroBHH HX

np11MeHeHHH, 2) OQCHKY pHJJ,a napaMeTpOB, KOTOpbie MOryT BJIJ1HTb Ha

pe3y11bTaTbI 3KCnepHMeHTOB (nrnpHHa KOHTeKCTHOfO OKHa, pa3Mep 06-

yqaJOI.QHX BbI6opoK H T. JI,.). CpaBHHTeJihHoe Hcc11eJJ,0BaH11e KpHTepHeB aBTOMaTH'lecKoro pa3pe

weHHH JieKCHKO-CeMaHTH'leCKOH HeOJJ,H03Ha'IHOCTH H BbIJJ,eJieHHH KOH

CTPYKJ..\HH 6bmo HanpasneHo Ha BhIBCHe~rne 11x HaJJ,e)f(HOCTH, T. e. Toro,

KaKOH 113 KpHTepHeB o6ecne'IHBaeT Ha1111yqwne noKa3aTeJIH TO'IHOCTH

P H nonHOThI R. 0Ka3arrocb, 'ITO HaH6011ee HaJJ,e)f(HaH KOM6HHaQHH Te

roB 11eMMhI 11 ceMaHTH'leCKHX Teros (lex+sem) (P,,,87 ... 89%, R""95%), a HaHMeHee HaJJ,e)f(HbIMH - H3011HpoBaHHbie MOpcpo11orn'leCKHe Tern

(gr). IlpHeMJieMbie c TO'IKH 3pemrn TO'IHOCTH H IlOJIHOTbI pe3y11bTaTbI

TaK)f(e 6bIJIH no11yqeHbI c )"leTOM KOM6HHaQHH scex Tpex THilOB TefOB

(lex+sem+gr), a TaK)f(e H3011HposaHHhIX Teros neMM (lex). IlpoBeJJ,eHbI 3KCnep11MeHTbI c H3MeHeHHeM urnpHHbI KOHTeKCTHOfO

OKHa [-/; +r] (l, rs 5), np11 3TOM JJ,onycKaJIOCb CMMMeTpH'IHOe HJIH aCHM

MeTpH'IHOe KOHTeKCTHOe OKHO, COOTHOCHMOe c CHHTafMOJ1: HJIH CHHTaK

CM'leCKOH rpynnoJ1:. HaH11yqurne 3Ha'leHMH WHpHHbl KOHTeKCTHOfO OKHa

OQeHHBaJIHCh c noMOI.QhlO F-MepbI (2), )"IHTbIBalOI.QeH: OJJ.HOBpeMeHHO

TO'IHOCTb p H IlOJIHOTY R:

F=21(11P + l!R) (2)

HaHJI)"IWHe 3Ha'ICHHH urnpHHhI KOHTeKCTHoro OKHa onpeJJ,eJIHJIHCh

B 3KcnepHMeHTax c pa3HhIMH THnaMH Teros. Hanp11Mep, B 3KcnepHMeH

Tax c y'leTOM TCfOB JICMM (lex) HaHJI)"IWHe pe3yJihTaTbI 6bIJIH IlOJI)"leHbI

npH WHpHHe KOHTCKCTHOfO OKHa [-4; +SJ. IlpH yqeTe Bcex Tpex THilOB

TefOB (lex+sem+gr) HaHJIY'IWHM.11 OKa3aJIJ1Cb ClICJJ.YIOI.QHe pa3MepbI KOH

TCKCTHOfO OKHa: [-2;+4] H [-3;+4]. KOHTCKCTbI yKa3aHHOfO 06'beMa

Ha116orree xapaKTepHbI Jl,JIH HMeH Cyl.QCCTBHTCllbHbIX, nOCKOllbKY COJJ,ep

)l(aT CO'leTaeMOCTHYIO HHcpopMaQHIO, Hrpa!OI.QYIO Ba)f(HyJO ponb B onpe

Jl,CJICHHH 3Ha'leHHH QeJieBOfO CJIOBa B KOHTCKCTe. qaI.Qe BCero TaKoe

166


KOHTeKCTHOe OKHO COOTBeTcTByeT CHHTaKCH'leCKHM rpynnaM, pa3Mell.\a

l01.I..\HMCH B npen03HQHH (TaKOBbI aA'beKTHBHbie rpynnbI) Hl!H B nocTno-

3HQHH (HMeHHbie, HH<i>HHHTHBHbie H Apyrne rpynnbI) no OTHOll!eHHlO

K Qel!eBOMY ClloBy. AHal!H3 KOHTeKCTOB, ocyll.\eCTBAABlllHHCH B XOAe 3KC

nepHMeHTOB, n03BOAAeT rosopHTb 0 TOM, 'ITO yqeT rpaHHQ CHHTaKCH'le

CKHX rpynn nOBbilllaeT TO'IHOCTb pe3YllbTaTOB aBTOMaTH'IeCKOro pa3pe

ll!eHHH neKCHKO-CeMaHTH'IeCKOH HeOAH03Ha'IHOCTH p Ha 0,05 . 0,1. 3KcnepHMeHTbI CBHAeTellbCTBYlOT 0 TOM, 'ITO BbICOKOe Ka'IeCTBO aB

TOMaTH'IeCKOro pa3perneHHR neKCHKO-CeMaHTH'IeCKOH HeO)l;H03Ha'IHO

CTH (B cpeAHeM p,., 0,85, B HeKOTOpbIX ClIY'IaRX p,., 0,95 ... 1) )l;OCTH)l(HMO

npH yc110BHH BbI6opa COOTBeTCTBYlOl.I..\HX THnOB KOHTeKCTHbIX MapKepoB

(Teros), llIHpHHbl KOHTeKCTHoro OKHa, a TaK)l(e )l;OCTaTO'IHOro o6'beMa

06yqa101.I..1ei1: Bh16opKH (100 500 KOHTeKCTOB). ohrnH npose.n;eHhI TeCTbI

c nocTeneHHO ysel!H'IHBalOl.I..\HMHCR o6y'Ial01.I..\HMH BbI60pKaMH (10, 15, 55, 75, 100, 200, 500 ... KOHTeKCTOB), npH 3TOM o6'beM o6y'Ial01.I..\HX Bbl-

6opoK H3MeHHlICH nponopQHOHallbHO 061.I..1eMy 'IHClIY KOHTeKCTOB )l;AA

Ka)l()l;Oro H3 paccMaTpHBaeMbIX 3Ha'leHHH (10%, 15, 20%). TIO Hall!HM

Ha61110AeHHRM, 06yqa101.I..1aR Bb16opKa )l;Oll)l(Ha co.n;ep)l(aTb He MeHee 100 KOHTeKCTOB, HaHlIY'lllIHe pe3yllbTaTbl o6ecne'IHBalOTCH B Bb16opKax, co

.n;ep)l(all.\HX 0Ko110 500 KOHTeKCTOB. B 061.I..1eM cnyqae, o6'heM 06yqa101.I..1e11

BbI6opKH AOl!)l(eH ~OCTaBlIHTb He Mettee 20% OT 061.I..1ero o6'heMa BbI6op

KH KOHTeKCTOB )l;AA Qenesoro ClIOBa, B npOTHBHOM cnyqae o6pa3bI, <Pop

MHpyeMbie Al!H OT)l;ellbHbIX 3Ha'IeHHH, MOryT OKa3aTbCH pa3Mb!TbIMH, 'ITO

CHH3HT Ka'IeCTBO aBTOMaTH'IeCKOro pa3perneHHH neKCHKO-CeMaHTH'le

CKOH tteo.zi;tto3Ha'IHOCTH.

5. Pe3yJibTaTbJ 3KcnepHMeHTOB no aeroMaTH11ecK0My

pa3pemeHHIO JieKCHKO-CeMaHTH'leCKOH

HeO)l;H03Ha'IHOCTH

C noMOl.I..\blO KOMnhlOTepttoro HHCTpyMettTa WSD H Cxl npoBeAeHhI

cepHH 3KCnepHMeHTOB no aBTOMaTH'IeCKOMY pa3perneHHlO neKCHKO-ce

MaHTH'IeCKOH HeO)l;H03Ha'IHOCTH HCC11e.n;yeMbIX MHOf03Ha'IHbIX Cl!OB.

TipHMepbl BbI)l;a'IH nporpaMMbI npHBep;eHbl B Ta611. 1. B KOHTeKcTe [1] 3Ha'IeHHe Qenesoro cnosa pacno3Hatto septto, Tor

.n;a KaK npHMep [2] HHTepnpeTHpyeTCR tteseptto. BepoHTHO, ornH60'IHbie

perneHHH CBH3aHbl c He)l;OCTaTO'IHOCTblO KOHTeKCTHOro OKpy)l(eHlUI )l;l!H

11.n;eHTH<i>HKaQHH 3Ha'IeHHJI.

167


Ta611u14a 1. TipHMepbl KOMilblOTepHOK o6pa60TKH KOHTCKCTOB ynoTpe611eHHJI

CIIOBa ZllQ8Q c }"fCTOM KOM6HHaI~HH TerOB lex+ sem +gr

11cXO,[IHOe Pacno3HaHHoe llhip11Ha

KoHTeKCTbl Cos KOHTeKCTHOro 3Ha'lett11:e 3Ha'lett11:e

OKHa

( l J 3a cmo110M co6pa11ocb Bee 83poCRoe Hace11eHue HuK011ae8KU 80 z11a8e m2 m2 0,555 (-3; +SJ c '!f!OCeiJame11eM ~CmHOZO KOJIXOJa.

[2J BMecmo aiJMUHUcmpa14uu oiJHozo ceJlbCKOZO OKpyza 6yiJem 10-15 ZJIQB

aiJMUHUcmpa14uu 80 8XOORU{UX 8 Hezo m4 ms 0,112 (-1; OJ

iJepe8HRX - HQCKOJlbKO JKe 6yiJym pa3iJymbl rumambl ynpa811eH'leCKozo ann~ama?

OcHOBHbre pe3ynhTaTbI, nonyqeHHhre B xoAe 3Kcnep11MeHTOB, CBH-

3aHbI c BbIBBJieHHeM H CHCTeMaTH3aQHeH pa3JIH'JHbIX THilOB KOHTeKCT

HbIX MapKepoB 3HatJeHHH QeJieBhIX CJIOB. Ha1160Jih1IIHH HHTepec npeA

cTaBJIHIOT TaKHe KOHTeKCTHbie MapKepbI, KaK TerH lex H sem. Bo-nepBbIX,

npOH3BOAHTCJI 'ynopHAO'IeHHe TeroB lex no qacTOTe BCTpeqaeMOCTH

B KOHTeKCTHOM OKpy)l(eHHH QeJieBoro CJIOBa. Bo-BTOpbIX, 3HatJeHHJI KOH

TeKCTHbIX MapKepoB - TeroB lex o6o6IQaIOTCJI Ha OCHOBe HX JieKCHKO

ceMaHTHtJeCKOH pa3MeTKH, ycTaHaBJIHBaeTCJI COOTHOIIIeHHe TeroB sem H peaJIH3YIOIQHX HX neMM. Hanp11Mep, TaKHe neBOCTopoHHHe coceAH

cnoaa nyK, KaK ozypeu, (r:concr t:fruit t:food), apex (r:concr t:fruit t:food pt:part pc:plant), KapmOUlKa (r:concr t:fruit t:food pt:aggr sc:fruit), MO)l(

HO OTHeCTH K OAHOH rpynne npeAMeTHbIX CYIQeCTBHTeJibHbIX, KOTOpbre

o6o3HatJaIOT ynoTpe6JIHeMbre B nHIQY npOAYKTbI. B HTore, AJIH Ka)l(AOro

J13 3HatJeHHH QeJieBorc CJIOBa COCTaBJIHeTCJI Ta6JIHQa tJaCTOTHbIX Ha6o

poB TeroB lex H sem (cM., HanpHMep, Ta6n. 2). Y1CXOAH H3 AaHHbIX 0 COtJeTaeMOCTH CJIOBa maBa, npeACTaBJieHHbIX

B rn6n. 2, MO)l(HO yCTaHOBHTb KOHTeKCTHbie MapKephr 3HatJeHHH pyKoBooumeJZb, Ha'ia!lbHUK, cmapUlUU no nOJIOJICeHUIO - BCTpeqaJIHCb JieKCeMbI

wcyoapcmBo (r:concr t:space), <fieoepau,uJC (r:concr t:space), pezuoH (r:concr t:space pt:part pc:space), wpoo (r:concr t:space sc:constr), <jioHo (r:concr t:space pt:set sc:money) H T.J\. YKa3aHHbie KOHTeKCTHbie MapKepbl MO)l(HO

o6'beAHHHTb B rpynny npeoMemHblX UMeH npocmpaHcmBa u Mecma. Ha6JIIOAeHHH, CAeJiaHHbie B npoQecce o6o6IQeHHH KOHTeKCTHbIX

MapKepoB TeroB lex AO JieKCHKO-CeMaHTH'IeCKHX KJiaCCOB, CBHAeTeJib-

168


Ta6nu~a 2. 06pa31.\bI aHamua npaBOCTOpOHHHX COCeAeH CJIOBa znasa B 3H3'1eHHH pyKosooume1111, 11a'lan1111uK, cmapiuuu no nono"'e11u10

t-1Kc110

JleKCHKO- KOHTeKCTOB 3Ha'leHue ceMaHTH'leCKa.JI ilpHMep (113 o6~ero

3HHOT31.\IDI KOJIH'leCTBa KOHTeKCTOB)

znasa IlpasOCTOpOHHHe COCeAH

m4. PyKOBOA11TeJib, r:concr t:space H3'13JlbHHK, «npeAMCTHoe HM.II»

51(H363) cTapw11if no «npocTpaHCTBO Il0JIO)KeHl1IO HMCCTO»

113 pyK masbl

r:concr t:space zocyoapcmsa

41 (113 44) masa ¢eoepa~uu ~T6011a

r:concr t:space pt:part pc:space masa pezuo11a 5 «'13CTb '!£_0C~HCTB3»

r:concr t:space sc:constr masbl zopooa 3

«CO~lKCHHC»

r :concr t:space pt:set sc:money

masa ¢011oa 2 «COBOKYilHOCTb o6'beKTOB (AeHbrH)»

I·

CTBYIOT B noJib3Y 3aKoHa ceMaHTH'leCKOro comacoBaHHR (faK 1972). Ce

MaHTH'lecKoe comac0Batt11e - 3TO cpopMaJihHoe cpeACTBO opraHH3aQHH

BhICKa3hIBaHHR, npeAnonara10m;ee Ay6n11p0Batt11e xorn 6b1 OAHOro H3 ce

MaHTH'leCKHX npH3HaKOB CJIOB, o6'beAHHeHHbIX KOHTeKCTHbIMH CBR3R

MH. Hanp11Mep, 3Ha'lett11e m4 cnoBa ZllaBa onpeAeJIReTrn B neKCHKo-ce

MaHTH'leCKOH pa3MeTKe KaK r:concr t:hum (npeoMemHoe UMH, TIUl{O), BMe

CTe c TeM Ter t:hum (llUl{O) BXOAHT B COCTaB 60JiblllHHCTBa KOHTeKCTHbIX

MapKepoB yKa3aHHoro 3Ha'leHHR. B KOHTeKcTax co cnoBoM Zllaaa ceMa

TIUl{O 3KCilJIHQHTHO Bblp(l)l(eHa B ceMaHTH'leCKHX npH3HaKax JieBOCTO

pOHHHX coceAeH r:propn t:hum, r:concr t:hum H r:concr t:hum d:nag der:v, a B ApyrHX CJIY'laJIX OHa HMilJIHQHTHO BXOAHT B COCTaB JieKCHKO-CeMaH -

TH'lecKotf aHHOTaQHH. TaK, ceMa TIUl{O noApa3yMeBaeTrn B 3Ha'leHHH ma

ronoB roBopemrn t:speech, B 3Ha'leHHRX CJIOB, xapaKTep113yeMbIX Ter<lMH

t:org (opzaHU3al{uH) , t:group (zpynna), t:action (MeponpuHmue).

169


6. Pe3YJll>TaTbI 3KcnepHMeHTOB no Bbl~e11eHHJO KOHCTPYKl.\HH

3KcnepHMeHThI no asToMaTHqecKoMy BhIAeJieHHIO KOHCTPYKI..\HH

npoBOJ:VITCH B HeCKOJihKO 3Tanos. CttatJ:ana Ami Ka)l(AOro 3HatJ:eHH11 pac

cMaTpHsaeMblX l.\eJieBhlX CJIOB COCTaBJUleTC11 cnHCOK KOHTeKCTOB ero yno

Tpe6nemrn, Aanee l13 KOHTeKCTOB aBTOMaTHqecKH l13BJieKaeTC11 HaH6onee

tJ:aCTOTHa11 JieKCHKO-CeMaHTHtJ:eCKa11 l1 Mop<f>onom'!eCKa11 HH<f>opMaQHR

0 KOHTeKCTHbIX MapKepax 3HatJ:eHHR B 3aAaHHOM OKHe. BbIAeJieHHe KOH

CTPYKQHH npm13BOAHTCR B npeAenax KOHTeKCTHoro OKHa [-1; + l], rAe

BbICOKa Bep011THOCTb BCTpeTHTb KOHTeKCTHbie 3JieMeHTbl, BXOJ:VI~He

B ycrntfqJ1Bbie CJIOBOCoqeTaHHR c HCcneAyeMbIMH cnoBaMH. J(anee <f>op

MHPYIOTC11 Mop<f>onornqecKHe MOAeJIH KOHCTpyicQHH, on11cb1saeTcR HX

neKCHKo-ceMaHn1qecKoe HanonHeH11e. MeTO.flHKa JIHHrBHCTHqecKoro

aHaJIH3a Mop<f>onorntJ:eCKHX MOAene11: KOHCTPYKQHH H 11x neKCHKO-ce

MaHTHqecKoro HanonHeHH11, HCnOJib30BaHHa11 B HarneM HCCJieAOBaHHH,

OCH08bIBaeTC11 Ha OnbITe aHaJIH3a COtJ:eTaeMOCTHblX orpaHHtJ:eHHH CJIOB

pa3HhIX qacTeJ1: peqH (MHTpo<f>aHosa, EenHK, KaAHHa 2008). B 3aBeprne

HHe ocy~eCTBMeTC11 npoQe,a;ypa BepH<f>HKaQHH pe3yJibTaTOB: nonytJ:eH

Hble cnHCKH KOHCTPYKQHH conocTaBJI11IOTCJI co cnHCKaMH KOJIJIOKaQHH,

<f>opMHpyeMhIMH Ha OCHOBe cepBHCa noHCKa 611rpaMM c. A. lliaposa

(http://corpus.leeds.ac. uk/ ruscorpora.html).

B xo,a;e o6pa6oTKH ,a;aHHbIX ,a;nR Ka)l(,D;Oro H3 3HaqeHHH aHaJIH3H

pyeMbIX CJIOB 6hrnl1 BblRBJieHbl xapaKTepttbie Mop<f>oJIOrHtJ:eCKHe MO

AeJIH KOHCTpyKQHH. EhrnH nonyqeHbI cneAyIO~He Mop<f>onorntJ:eCKHe

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HOBHOH THn KOHCTPYKI..\HH - V + S;acc, a 8 3HaqeHHH ml ( O<fiopMumb o<fiuu,ua!lbHOU JanUCblO npoJ1CU8aHUe KOZO-H. zoe-H.) - V + (S;t:hum); ace, V +Adv, APRO;t:place r:rel: + V.

JleKCHKO-CeMaHTHqecKoe HanonHeHHe 3THX MO,a;eneH AJUI OT,D;eJibHbIX

3HatJ:eHHH np11naraTeJihHoro BepHblU, ,a;n11 rnarona JaHecmu oTpa)f(eHo

B Ta6JI. 3-4 (Tern lex H sem - nesocrnpoHHHe H npasocTOpoHHHe Map

KepbI COOTBeTCTBYIO~HX 3HaqeHHH QeJieBbIX CJIOB).

Ehmo ycTaHOBJieHo, tJ:TO OTAeJibHbJe sapHaHTbI neKCHKo-ceMattTHqecKo

ro ttanontteHM KOHCTPYKI..\HH xapaKTep113y10Tc11 BbICOKOH ycTOHtJ:HBOCTbJO.

TaK, no ,a;aHHhIM ceps11ca noHCKa 611rpaMM C. A. lllaposa (http:/ !corpus.

leeds.ac.uk/ruscorpora.html), cpe,a;H nesocrnpoHHJ1X H npasocrnpoHHHX

170


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c IIpHnaraTCnbHblM sepHblll B OT,l.\CnbHblX 3Ha'ICHJUIX

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3Ha'leHHJI ceMaHTH'ICCKaJI aHHOTallliJI

MapKepbl MapKepbl

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t:hum:kin r:concr: CblH, JKeHa, m 1. Ha11eJKHbll!,

ev:posit t:humq t:loc: OCTaTbCJI MYlK npO'IHbll!, CTOl!Kllll,

r:qual r:spec: caMblii r:abstr: CII}"JK6a

npe11aHHbll!. r:ref: ce611 t:animal r:concr: nee

t:ment: 3HaTb t:space r:concr: Ilyrb, MecTO

m3. HecOMHCHHbll!, t:mod r:qual t:be:exist: 6b1Tb

t:be:disapp r:abstr: rn6e11b HCH36ClKHbll!.

r:rel t:dir: OTKy11a t:asp r:abstr: cnoco6 t:space r:concr t:fam: 11~a

Ta611u~a 4. JleKCHKo-ccMaHTH'lecKoe HarronHCHHC KOHCYp}'Kl.\HH c rnaronoM

JaHecmu B OT,l.\CJJbHblX 3Ha'ICHJUIX

JleKCHKO· JlesocTOpOHHHC flpaBOCTOpOHHHC

3Ha'ICHHJI CeMaHTH'lecKaJI aHHOTal.IHJI

MapKepb1 MapKepbl

3aHecmu

m7. OTKllOHllTb, t:tool:device:machine

pe3KO rmsepHyTb der:v ca:noncaus r:concr t:fam:

t:tool:device:machine B CTOpoHy lfllH

t:move d:pref r:concr t:fam: MaWHHa

MaUJHHa CHllbHO HaKpeHHTb (np11 /1BHlKCH1111).

t:stuff r:concr r:abstr top:stripe t:space

t:weather: CHer m8. (1-e 112-e 1111110

der:vca:O t:space r:concr pt:part r:concr t:fam: 11opora

He ynoTp.). KOrO-'ITO. r:abstr t:weather: 3aCblilaTb, 3aMeCTH.

t:changest d:pref pc:space: y11111.1a MCTCllb CHerona11

top:stripe t:space Henoro11a

r:concr: Tpona nyTh

MapKepos 3HaqeHYIH QeJieBhIX cnos B cocTase KOHCTPYKQYIH npY1cyTcrny10T KOMilOHeHTbI KonnoKaQYIH c BbICOKYIM noKa3aTeneM Log-Likelihood (LL). OrAenbHhie KonnoKaQYIYI HaIUnYI 0Tprot<eHY1e B cnosapffi{ MAC YI :SAC KaK ycToJlt:qHBble coqeTaHYIJI (npYIBOAJITCJI c IlOMeTOH 0 B :SAC) YI cppa3eonorYJ3MbI (npHBOAJITCR c noMeToJ/t: 0 MAC YI c noMeToJ/t: - B :SAC). HanpttMep, KOHCTPYKQYJR BepHbtil.+ce6e (LL=47,27) npY1cyTcrnyeT B MAC, :SAC, a KOHCTPYKQYJR 3aHecmu + cHez (LL= 346,32) ynoMHHaem:i- B :SAC.

171


B pe3ynhTaTe rrpoBeAeHHhIX 3Kcrrep11IMeHTOB 6hmo AOKa3aHo, qTO

rroqTllI y Bcex 3HaqeHllIH MHoro3HaqHoro cnoBa ecTb KOHCTPYKQllillI, xa

paKTepHbie llIMeHHO Ailll 3Toro KOHKpeTHoro 3Haqemui:. IloA06Horo poAa

llIHcpOpMaQllIJI MO)f(eT 6h!Tb llICI10llb30BaHa B AanbHeHllleM Ailll ITOCTpoe

HJIIR pa3nlliqHhIX cnoBapetf KOHCTPYKQllIH.

7. 3aKJIIO'ICHHC

B CTaThe llI3llO)l(eHbl OCHOBHbie pe3ynbTaTbl, rronyqeHHbie B XOAe pa3-

pa60TKllI rrpoQeAyp aBTOMaTlliqecKoro pa3pellleHllIJI neKCllIKO-CeMaHTllI

qecKOH HeOAH03HaqHoCTllI QeneBbIX cnoB III BhIAeneHllIR KOHCTPYKQllIH

B KOHTeKcTax HKPJI: orr11IcaHo rrporpaMMHoe 06ecrreqeH11Ie AJUI o6pa-

6oTKllI n11IHrB11ICT11IqecKoro MaTep11Iana; rrpoaHanllI311IpoBaHbI rrapaMeTpb1

llICcneAOBaHllIJI III AaHHhie, rronyqeHHbie B XOAe 3KCnep11IMeHTOB c KOHTeK

CTaM11 HKPJI. 0CHOBHOH llITOr llICCneAOBaHllIJI 3aKmoqaeTCJI B ITOATBep)l(AeHllillI Toro,

qTo TllIIT III CTerreHb AeTanllI3aQllillI llllIHfBllICTlliqecKOH pa3MeTKllI KOH

TeKCTOB HKPJI rro3BOJUIIOT ccpopM11IpoBaTh MHO)l(eCTBO KOHTeKCTHhIX

MapKepOB Toro llillllI llIHOro 3HaqeHllIR Ha OCHOBe BbI6opoK KOHTeKCTOB;

06061.I.\llITb AaHHbl~ 0 KOHTeKCTHbIX MapKepax c TQqKllI 3peHJIIR I/IX npllIHaAne)l(HOCTllI K neKCllIKO-CeMaHTlliqecKllIM KnaccaM; OITllICaTb KnaCCbl

KOHCTPYKQllIH, CBJI3aHHhIX c TeM 11In11I llIHbIM 3HaqeH11IeM; 11Icrronh30BaTb

rronyqeHHYIO TaKllIM o6pa30M MOAenh coqerneMOCTllI An.a aBTOMaT11Iqe

cKoro rrocTpoeHllIR Karnnora KOHCTPYKQllIH Ha ocHoBe HKPJI.

A3apoaa Ji!. B., 5u<iuHeaa C. B., Baxumoaa f!. T. ABTOMarnqecKoe pa3peweH11e neKCW'leCKOH HeO,[(H03Ha'IHOCT"1 'laCTOTHblX cyl.J.(eCTBWTenbHblX (s TepMw

Hax CTPYKTYPHhIX e,[(WHWl.I RussNet) 11 TpyAhI Me)l(,[(yHap. KoH<f>. «KopnyCHaH JIWHrswcTwKa-2008». CI16., 2008.

A3apoaa Ji!. B., MapuHa A. C. ABTOMaTw3wpoBaHHaH KJ1acrn<f>wKa11w11 KOHTeKCTOB npw nO,[(fOTOBKe ,[(aHHblX AJIH KOMTibJOTepHoro Te3aypyca RussNet 11 KoMnh10TepHa11 nwHrswcTwKa w WHTenneKTyanhHhie TeXHonorw11: TPYAhI Me)l(.r1yttap. KoHcp. «,L\11anor- 2006». M., 2006.

5om,tuaKoBa E. Ji!., 5aeaa H.B., 5opoa'ieHKOBa E. A., Bacunbeaa H. 3., MopoJOB c. c. JleKCWKO-CWHTaKCW'leCKWe wa6nOHbl B 3a,[(a'lax aBTOMaTW'leCKOH o6pa-

6oTK11 TeKCTa 11 KoMnhJOTepHaJI n11HrBWCT11Ka 11 11HTenneKTyanhHbie TeXHono

n111: TPYAhI Me)l{,[(yttap. KOHcp. «,L\11anor-2007». M., 2007.

172


EopucoBa E. r. Kon110Ka1..11111. qTO 3TO TaKoe 11 KaK HX l13)"1aTh. M., 1995.

faic B.f. K npo611eMe ceMaHTwrecKol1 rnHTarMaT11KH // ITpo611eMbI cTpyK

Typttol1 11HHrs11cT11KH. M., 1972.

fe11b6yx A. <P., CuoopoB r. 0 ., 3pHaHoec-Py6uo 3., lfy6yKoBa M. B. C11osap11

COlfeTaeMOCTl1 CllOB: KaKOH MeTOA COCTaBlleHHH ll)"lllle? // KOMilblOTepHaH mrnr

Bl1CTHKa "' HHTe1111eKTya11bHb1e TeXH011ornH: TPYAhI Me~yttap. Kott<P. «,!l11a-

11or-2004». M., 2004.

3axapoB B. II., Xox110Ba M. B. Atta11113 3<P<PeKTHBHocrn crnrncT11lfecKHX Me

To.v;os Bb!HBlleHJ1Jl KOllllOKaQHH B TeKCTax Ha pyccKOM H3bIKe // KOMilblOTCpHM

1111HrBHCTHKa H HHTe1111eKTya11bHb1e TexH011orn11: TPYAhI Me)l(.v;yHap. Kott<P. «,!l11a-

11or-2010». M., 2010.

JitopoaHCKQJC n. H., Mellb'iYK Ji!. A. CMblCll "' COlfeTaeMOCTb B CllOBape. M.,

2007

Ko6puu,oB E. II., HHweBcKaH 0. H., llleMaHaeBa 0. IO. CHHT11e 11eKrnKo-ce

MaHTHlfeCKol1 OMOHHMHH B HOBOCTHblX l1 ra3eTHO-)l(ypHallbHblX TeKCTax: no

sepXHOCTHbie <PHllbTpbl "' CTaTHCTHlfeCKaH OQeHKa // J.1HTepHeT-MaTeMaTl1Ka

2005: asToMaTHlfeCKM o6pa6oTKa se6-.v;aHHbIX. M.,2005.

KyJHeu,oBa IO. n. fpaMMaTHKa KOHCTPYKl.ll1H. 063op // Ha)"IHO-TeXHl1lfeCKaH

11tt<PopMaQHH. 2007 Cep. 2. No 4.

HyKa1«eBU'i H. B., lfyuKo J(. C. AsTOMaTHlfecKoe pa3pe11JeHHe 11eKrnlfecKol1

MHOf03HalfHOCTJ1 Ha 6a3e Te3aypyCHblX 3HaHHH // J.1HTepHeT-MaTeMaTJ1Ka 2007:

c6. pa6oT )"laCTHHKOB KOHKypca. EKaTepHH6ypr, 2007.

HH1«eBCKaH 0. H., KyJHeU,OBa IO. n. PyccKHH <I>pei1MHeT: K 3a.v;aqe C03AaHHH

KopnycHoro c11osapH KOHCTPYKQHH // KoMnhlOTepHM llHHrBl1CTHKa 11 11Hre11-

11eKTya11bHb1e rexHonornH: TPYAhI Me)l(AyHap. Kott<P. «,!lHa11or-2009». M., 2009.

MumpocfiaHOBa O.A., Ee11uK B.B., KaouHa B.B. KopnyCHoe 11crnenoaatt11e

colfeTaeMOCTHbIX npe.v;nolfTeHHH qacTOTHbIX 11eKceM pyccKoro H3bIKa // KoM

IlblOTepHM llHHrBHCTHKa "' HHre1111eKTya11bHb1e TexH011ornH: TPYAhI Me)l(AyHap.

KoH<P. «,!lHa11or-2008». M., 2008.

MumpocfiaHoBa 0. A., fpa<iKOBa M.A., llluMopuHa A. C., HH1«eBcKaR 0. H. JleKC11lfeCKHe, ceMaHTHlfeCKl1e "' Mop<Po11ornlfeCKHe npH3HaKH KOHTeKCTOB

B pa3pellleHHl1 HeOAH03HalfHocr11 pyccKHX cy1.1.1ecTB11Te11bHbIX // XXXIX Me:>K

.v;yttap. 4>1111011. KoHqi. CeKQ11H MaTeMaTHlfecKol111HHrBHCT11K11. CIT6., 2010.

MumpocfiaHoBa 0 . A., HR1«eBcKaR 0. H., IlaHU'ieBa II. B. 3Kcnep11MeHTbI no

CTaTHCTHlfeCKOMY pa3pellleHl1IO 11eKCHKO-CeMaHTl1lfeCKOH HCO.D;H03HalfHOCTlf

pycCKHX HMeH cy1.1.1eCTBl1TellbHblX B Kopnyce // TpyAhl Me)l(.v;yHap. KOH<P. «Kop

nyCHaH lll1HrBHCTHKa-2008». CIT6., 2008.

MumpocfiaHoBa 0. A., IlaHu'ieBa II. B., HH1«eBcKaH 0. H. CrnrncTHlfeCKoe

pa3perneH11e 11eKCHKO-CeMaHTHlfeCKOH HeO.D;H03HalfHOCTl1 B KOHTeKCTax .D;llH

npe.v;MeTHbIX HMeH cy1.1.1ecrs11TenbHbIX // KoMilblOTepttaH IIHHrBl1CTl1Ka 11 HH

Te1111eKTya11bHb1e TeXH011or1111: TPYAhI Me)l(nyttap. KoHqi. «,!l11a11or-2008». M.,

2008.

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PaxunuHa E. B., Ko6pu14oa E. 11., Kycmoaa f. 11., /IxiueacKaH 0. H., IlleMaHaeoa 0. IO. Mttoro3Ha'IHOCTb KaK npHKrraAHaH npo6rreMa: rreKCHKO-ceMaHTH'leCKaH pa3MeTKa B Hal.\HOHallbHOM Kopnyce pyccKoro R3bIKa // KoMnblOTepHaH rrHHrBHCTHKa H HHTenrreKTyarrbHbie TexHorrornH: TPYAbI Me)!{Ayttap. KOHQ>. «.QHarror- 2006». M., 2006.

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Crrosapb cospeMeHHoro pyccKoro rrHTepaTypHoro R3bIKa: B 17 T. I noA peA. B.11. '1.Jepttb1111esa. M.; JI., 1948-1965 (s TeKcTe - BAC).

Tonooaa C. IO.. Kycmoaa f. 11., JlxiueacKaH 0. H. CeMaHrn'leCKHe Q>11rrbTpb1 AITR pa3pe111eHHR MHOr03Ha'IHOCTH B Hal.\HOHarrhHOM Kopnyce pyccKoro R3bIKa: rrrarorrb1 // KoMnb10TepHa11 lIHHrBHCTHKa H HHTerrrreKTyarrbHble TeXHorror11H: TPYAbl Me)KAyHap. KOHQ>. «.QHarror-2008». M., 2008.

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