Either.neither.so.AGREEMENT

AGREEMENT:Para expresar acuerdo en ingls (yo tambin/yo tampoco) con oraciones afirmativas usamos (too/so) y para las negativas usamos(tampoco = either/neither)..Expresando acuerdo Con oraciones afirmativas - Affirmative (too/so) A: "I'm afraid of spiders." - Le tengo miedo a las araas B: "So am I." or "Me too." - Yo tambin A: "I must hurry, it's late already" - Debo apurarme, ya es tardeB: "Oh, Gosh! So must I." - Oh, Dios mo! Yo tambin. (ojo: ghost= fantasma) A: "You look good." - Te ves bien.B: "So do you." or "You too." - T tambin. A: "Mark lives in the suburbs." - Mark vive en las afueras.B: "So does Jane." - Jane tambin. A: "We forgot to bring our umbrellas." - Olvidamos traer los paraguas.B: "So did we." - Nosotros tambin. A: "My child was sick yesterday." - Mi hijo estuvo enfermo ayer.B: "So was mine." - El mo tambin. Ms ejemplos con oraciones afirmativas: I am hungry, and so are you. / you are too. Tengo hambre y t tambin. My wife is a lawyer, and so am I. / I am too.Mi esposa es abogada y yo tambin. She was here yesterday, and so was he. / he was too.Ella estuvo aqu ayer y l tambin. I can swim, and so can my brother. / my brother can too. Puedo nadar y mi hermano tambin. I should study more, and so should you. / you should too.Yo debera estudiar ms y t tambin. They will go to the movies, and so will I. / I will too.Ellos irn al cine y yo tambin. Susan studies German, and so does Mary. / Mary does too. Susan estudia alemn y Mary tambin. John cleaned the house, and so did his wife. / his wife did too.John limpi la casa y su esposa tambin. They have gone out, and so has their son. / their son has too. Ellos han salido y su hijo tambin. Con oraciones negativas - Tampoco (either/neither) A: "I don't have any free time." - No tengo tiempo libre.B: "Neither do I." or "Nor do I." or "I don't either." or "Me neither." - Yo tampoco. A: "We don't smoke." - No fumamos.B: "Neither does he." or "Nor does he." - l tampoco. A: "My husband wasn't very happy when I went shopping."- Mi marido no estuvo muy contento cuando fui de compras.B: "Neither was mine." - El mo tampoco. A: "They couldn't sleep last night." - No pudieron dormir anoche.B: "Neither could I." - Yo tampoco. A: "I can't speak French." - No hablo francs.B: "Nor can we. Nosotros tampoco. A: "David won't come to the party." - David no vendr a la fiesta.B: "Neither will John." - John tampoco. Ms ejemplos con oraciones negativas: I am not tired, and neither are my friends. / my friends are not either. No estoy cansado y mis amigos tampoco. I can't play chess, and neither can you. / you can't either. No s jugar al ajedrez y t tampoco. They won't attend the concert, and neither will I. / I won't either.No irn al recital y yo tampoco. I don't like novels, and neither does my girlfriend. / my girlfriend doesn't either.No me gustan las novelas y a mi novia tampoco. Jack didn't bring anything, and neither did his sister. / his sister didn't either.Jack no trajo nada y su hermana tampoco. She has not seen that film yet, and neither has her boyfriend. / her boyfriend hasn't either.Ella no ha visto la pelcula an y su novio tampoco. They don't have money, and neither do we. / we don't either.No tienen dinero y nosotros tampoco. Bill hadn't been there, and neither had his family. / his family hadn't either.Bill no haba estado all y su familia tampoco. Recapitulando: Neither [nider] puede significar: ni, tampoco y ninguno/a.

Traducciones: Ni esto ni lo otro. Neither this nor that. No me gusta ni el caf ni el t. I like neither tea nor coffee. l ni sabe ni le importa. He neither knows nor cares. No me pareci ni bueno ni malo. It seemed to me neither good nor bad. Viste esa pelcula? No. Yo tampoco. Did you see that movie? No. Me neither. No es nuestra idea. Tampoco es la idea de nuestros amigos. It's not our idea. Neither is it the idea of our friends. No me gusta ninguno de los dos. I like neither of them. Ninguna de ellas es demasiado buena. Neither of them is too good. Ninguno de los dos lleg a ser presidente. Neither of them became president. Either [ider] Puede significar: ni, o, cualquiera, ninguno/a, alguno/a, tampoco, ni siquiera.

Resultados de las traducciones con either [ider]. Ella no sabe hablar ni espaol ni ingls. She can't speak either Spanish or English. Puedes tomar pan o galletas. You can have either bread or cookies (biscuits). Pedro o Ana pueden hacerlo. Either Peter or Ann can do it. Puedes llevar puesto cualquiera de los dos abrigos. You can wear either of the two coats. Cualquiera (de las dos) ruedas servir. Either wheel will do. Puedes comerte cualquiera de los dos trozos de tarta. You can eat either piece of cake. Cualquiera de los dos servir. Either of them will do. No conozco a ninguna de ellas. I don't know either of them. Alguno de ustedes (dos) puede hacer esto? Either of you can do this?

Match the items on the right to the items on the left.I feel hungry

I hated maths at school

She can do it

I am cold

I'll pass the exam

She doesn't eat meat

She can ride a horse

He doesn't take sugar

We have to work late

He'll be able to drive soon

So can she / She can't

So do we / We don't

So did I / I didn't

So will I / I won't

Neither does she / She does

So am I / I'm not

So will he / He won't

So do I / I don't

So can she / She can't

Neither does he / He does

http://www.madridteacher.com/Grammar/John/Disagreement.htm http://www.shertonenglish.com/resources/es/adverbs/adverbs-frequency.php page 4

Q1 - 'I'm exhausted.''So do I.''So am I.''Neither am I.''Neither do I.'Q2 - 'I was late.''So did I.''So was I.''Neither was I.''Neither did I.'Q3 - 'I didn't finish it.''So was I.''So did I.''Neither was I.''Neither did I.'Q4 - 'I didn't enjoy it.''I did.''So did I.'

Q5 - 'I'd like a coffee, please.''So do I.''So had I.''So would I.'Q6 - 'I want one.''I don't.''Neither do I.'Q7 - 'I'm staying in tonight.''So will I.''So am I.'Q8 - 'I was shocked.''So was I.''Neither was I.''I was.'Q9 - 'I found it very hard.''So do I.''So did I.''So would I.'Q10 - 'I don't fancy it.''So do I.''I do.'

http://www.madridteacher.com/Grammar/John/Disagreement.htm http://www.shertonenglish.com/resources/es/adverbs/adverbs-frequency.php page 5

Read more at http://www.usingenglish.com/quizzes/68.html#Spdqtlu0MPXvf55f.99

So / Neither ?To agree with a positive statement:We use so + auxiliarymodal verb + pronoun:

'I like tea without sugar.''So do I.'

To agree with a positive statement:We use nor/neither + auxiliarymodal verb + pronoun:

'I don't like tea with sugar.''Nor do I.' or 'Neither do I.'

To disagree with a positive statement:We use pronoun + auxiliarymodal verb + not (-n't):

'I like tea without sugar.''I don't.'

To disagree with a negative statement:We use pronoun + auxiliarymodal verb:

'I don't like tea with sugar.''I do.'Write a short answer containing 'so' or 'neither' : Example : She went to the States. (I)==>So, did I.English exercise "So / Neither] [?]

http://www.madridteacher.com/Grammar/John/Disagreement.htm http://www.shertonenglish.com/resources/es/adverbs/adverbs-frequency.php page 28

1. Dany loves travelling.(I) 2. Peter phoned Sarah.(Brian) 3. Peter doesn't like carrots.(I) 4. You went to Australia last year.(She) 5. Mike doesn't like mathematics.(We)1. She doesn't go to the cinema, . 2. Jane won't buy a new dress, . 3. Mike doesn't like playing football,. 4. Kevin didn't phone Tom yesterday, . 5. I won't tell you what happened, . 6. She isn't sleeping yet, . 7. My boss doesn't want to take a plane, . 8. They didn't eat any cake, . 9. She hasn't taken any photo, . 10. Jim doesn't drink tea in the morning,.

THIS PAGE IS ONLY FOR THE TEACHERANSWERS:ANSWERS:

I feel hungryI hated maths at schoolShe can do it I am coldI'll pass the examShe doesn't eat meatShe can ride a horseHe doesn't take sugar We have to work lateHe'll be able to drive soon

So do I / I don'tSo did I / I didn'tSo can she / She can'tSo am I / I'm notSo will I / I won'tNeither does she / she doesSo can she / She can'tNeither does he / He doesSo do we / We don'tSo will he / He won't

1. Dany loves travelling.(I) [No answer] So do I.2. Peter phoned Sarah.(Brian) [No answer] So did Brian.3. Peter doesn't like carrots.(I) [No answer] Neither do I.4. You went to Australia last year.(She) [No answer] So did she.5. Mike doesn't like mathematics.(We) [No answer] Neither do we.

Principio del formularioFinal del formulario1. She doesn't go to the cinema neither do Tom, neither does Tom.2. Jane won't buy a new dress, neither will Meg .3. Mike doesn't like playing football, neither doesn't Brian Brian doesn't either.4. Kevin didn't phone Tom yesterday, she did neither I didn't either.5. I won't tell you what happened, neither won't Betty Betty won't either.6. She isn't sleeping yet, neither isn't John neither is John.7. My boss doesn't want to take a plane, either don't I I don't either.8. They didn't eat any cake, neither did Jim .9. She hasn't taken any photo, they have neither they haven't either.10. Jim doesn't drink tea in the morning, neither don't I neither do I.

Both / both of / neither / neither of / either / eitherA/ We use both/ neither/ either for two things. You can use these words with a noun (both books, neither book etc.).For example, you are talking about going out to eat this evening. There are two restaurants where you can go. You say: Both restaurants are very good, (not 'the both restaurants') Neither restaurant is expensive. We can go to either restaurant. I don't mind, (either = one or the other, it doesn't matter which one)B/ Both of... / neither of... / either of...When you use both/ neither/ either + of, you always need the... / these/ those... / my/ your/ his/Tom's... (etc.). You cannot say 'both of restaurants'. You have to say 'both of the restaurants', 'both of those restaurants' etc.: Both of these restaurants are very good. Neither of the restaurants we went to was (or were) expensive. I haven't been to either of those restaurants. (= I haven't been to one or the other) You don't need of after both. So you can say: Both my parents are from London, or Both of my parents...You can use both of / neither of / either of + us/you/them: (talking to two people) Can either of you speak Spanish? I asked two people the way to the station but neither of them knew. You must say 'both of before us/ you/ them (of is necessary): Both of us were very tired, (not 'Both us were...')After neither of... a singular or a plural verb is possible: Neither of the children wants (or want) to go to bed.C/ You can also use both/ neither/ either alone: I couldn't decide which of the two shirts to buy. I liked both, (or I liked both of them.) 'Is your friend British or American?' 'Neither. She's Australian.' 'Do you want tea or coffee?' 'Either. I don't mind.'D/ You can say:Both... and...: Both Ann and Tom were late. I was both tired and hungry when I arrived home.Neither... nor...: Neither Liz nor Robin came to the party. She said she would contact me but she neither wrote nor phoned.Either... or...:I'm not sure where he's from. He's either Spanish or Italian.Either you apologise or I'll never speak to you again.

Complete the sentences with both/ neither/ either/ both of/ neither of/ either of. English exercise "Both / both of / neither / neither of / either / either" created by felin with The test builderClick here to see the current stats of this English test [Save] [Load] [?]

Principio del formulario1. 'Do you want tea or coffee? ' , I really dont mind.' 2. 'What day is it today - the 18th or the 19th?' , Its the 20th,' 3. 'There are two sandwiches here; which one shall I take? 'oh, take .' 4. I asked two people the way to the station but them could help me. 5. 'When shall I phone you, morning or afternoon?' , Ill be in all day.' 6. 'Wheres Kate? Is she at work or at home?' , she's away on holiday.' 7. To get to the town centre you can go along the footpath by the river or you can go along the road. You can go way. 8. I tried twice to phone George but times he was out. 9. Tom's parents is English. His father is Polish and his mother is Italian. 10. I was invited to two parties last week but I didn't go to them 11. Sarah and I play tennis together regularly but us can play very well. 12. I tried two bookshops for the book I wanted but them had it. 13. There were two windows in the room. It was very warm, so I opened them ANSWERS: 1. 'Do you want tea or coffee? ' neither of either , I really dont mind.'2. 'What day is it today - the 18th or the 19th?' neither of neither , Its the 20th,'3. 'There are two sandwiches here; which one shall I take? 'oh, take neither of either .'4. I asked two people the way to the station but neither of them could help me.5. 'When shall I phone you, morning or afternoon?' neither of either , Ill be in all day.'6. 'Wheres Kate? Is she at work or at home?' neither of neither, she's away on holiday.'7. To get to the town centre you can go along the footpath by the river or you can go along the road. You can go neither of either way.8. I tried twice to phone George but neither of both times he was out.9. neither of Tom's parents is English. His father is Polish and his mother is Italian.10. I was invited to two parties last week but I didn't go to neither of either of them11. Sarah and I play tennis together regularly but neither of us can play very well.12. I tried two bookshops for the book I wanted but neither of them had it.13. There were two windows in the room. It was very warm, so I opened neither of both of them1. 'Do you want tea or coffee? ' neither of either , I really dont mind.'2. 'What day is it today - the 18th or the 19th?' neither of neither , Its the 20th,'3. 'There are two sandwiches here; which one shall I take? 'oh, take neither of either .'4. I asked two people the way to the station but neither of them could help me.5. 'When shall I phone you, morning or afternoon?' neither of either , Ill be in all day.'6. 'Wheres Kate? Is she at work or at home?' neither of neither, she's away on holiday.'7. To get to the town centre you can go along the footpath by the river or you can go along the road. You can go neither of either way.8. I tried twice to phone George but neither of both times he was out.9. neither of Tom's parents is English. His father is Polish and his mother is Italian.10. I was invited to two parties last week but I didn't go to neither of either of them11. Sarah and I play tennis together regularly but neither of us can play very well.12. I tried two bookshops for the book I wanted but neither of them had it.13. There were two windows in the room. It was very warm, so I opened neither of both of themFinal del formularioFinal del formulario

1. 'Do you want tea or coffee? ' neither of either , I really dont mind.'2. 'What day is it today - the 18th or the 19th?' neither of neither , Its the 20th,'3. 'There are two sandwiches here; which one shall I take? 'oh, take neither of either .'4. I asked two people the way to the station but neither of them could help me.5. 'When shall I phone you, morning or afternoon?' neither of either , Ill be in all day.'6. 'Wheres Kate? Is she at work or at home?' neither of neither, she's away on holiday.'7. To get to the town centre you can go along the footpath by the river or you can go along the road. You can go neither of either way.8. I tried twice to phone George but neither of both times he was out.9. neither of Tom's parents is English. His father is Polish and his mother is Italian.10. I was invited to two parties last week but I didn't go to neither of either of them11. Sarah and I play tennis together regularly but neither of us can play very well.12. I tried two bookshops for the book I wanted but neither of them had it.13. There were two windows in the room. It was very warm, so I opened neither of both of them

Both

'Both' may be used in different ways :Her brothers are both teachers. (after an auxiliary)Their children both play the piano. (before a verb)Both her brothers are teachers. (before a noun if you want to insist)Both their children play the piano.She has seen both films. She has seen both the films.(with the definite article but mind the structure)Both of those books are interesting.(with 'of')orBoth those books are interesting.I saw both of them. (with 'of' before a pronoun)I met both of them.He has read both books.He has read the two books. ('both' may be replaced by 'the two')The two countries are different. (here you insist on the difference)The two houses are different.He is both handsome and clever.She likes both English and French.He is good at both mathematics and music.

English exercise "Both" created by lucile83 with The test builderClick here to see the current stats of this English test [Save] [Load] [?]

Principio del formulario1. She is intelligent and pretty. 2. The houses are too expensive. 3. My children went to London last year. 4. Where are the children?..They are here, I can see them. 5. She will pass her exam, she is good at French and English. 6. I know their twins, girls are very different. 7. Did you see Jane and Mike yesterday? ... yes I met them at the post-office. 8. Their dogs are awful ! they made the kitchen dirty. 9. I like neither of these two actors, do you?... oh yes, I like them. ANSWERS:

Final del formulario1. She is both of both intelligent and pretty.2. The houses are both too expensive.3. My children both of both went to London last year.4. Where are the children?..They are here, I can see both both of them.5. She will pass her exam, she is good at both French and English.6. I know their twins, the two girls are very different.7. Did you see Jane and Mike yesterday? ... yes I met both both of them at the post-office.8. Their dogs are awful ! they the two both made the kitchen dirty.9. I like neither of these two actors, do you?... oh yes, I like both of them.EXAMPLES: EJEMPLOS:

' I am hot....' 'So am I.' -Tengo calor. -Yo tambin.

'I have a cat and a dog.' 'So have I.' -Tengo un gato y un perro. -Yo tambin.

'I don't like spiders.' 'Neither do I.'-No me gustan las araas. -Tampoco a mi.

'I can't remember the date.' 'Nor can I.'-No puedo recordar la fecha. -Tampoco yo.

Nor can be used instead of neither. En el lugar de 'neither' puedes utilizar 'nor'.

As you can see the verb goes before the subject...Maybe the best way to learn this kind of invertion of order is by readindg many examples of invertionComo puedes notar primero se coloca el verbo y luego el sujeto....Quiz la mejor manera de aprender este tipo de inversin en el orden de las palabras es leyendo muchos ejemplos.

POSSIBLE STRUCTURES:ESTRUCTURAS POSIBLES:

If you agree with a positive statement:Si tu ests de acuerdo ante una declaracin positiva:

We have to use so + auxiliary/ modal verb + pronoun:Tenemos que utilizar so + auxiliar /modal + un pronombre

'I like coffee.' ' So do I.'-Me gusta el caf...-A mi tambin.

'I am tired.' 'So am I.'-Estoy cansado. -Tambin yo.

'I can type 60 words per minute.' 'So can I.'-Puedo escribir con teclado 60 palabras por minuto. -Yo tambin.

'I have a mini Cooper.' ' So have I.'-Tengo un mini Cooper. -Yo tambin.

'I like South America.' 'So do I.'-Me gusta Sudamrica. -A mi tambin.

'I am going out this night.' 'So am I.'-Voy a salir esta noche. -Tambin yo.

'I was at home yesterday.' 'So was I.'-Estuve en casa ayer. -Tambin yo.

'I played chess last night.' 'So did I.'-Jugu al ajedrez anoche. -Yo tambin.

'I have seen a ghost.' 'So have I.'-He visto un fantasma. -Tambin yo.

'I could run very fast at ten.' 'So, could I.'-Poda correr muy rpido cuando tena diez aos. Yo tambin.

'I'd like a cold beer.' 'So, would I.'-Me gustara una cerveza fra. -A mi tambin.

'I should sleep more.' 'So should I.'-Debera dormir ms. -Tambin yo.

OR if you agree with a negative statement:O si dices que estas de acuerdo con una declaracin negativa:

We use nor / neither + auxiliary/modal + pronoun: Tienes que utilizar nor /neither + auxiliar/ modal + un pronombre

'I don't like bananas' 'Nor do I'.....or 'Neither do I.'-No me gustan las bananas. -Tampoco a mi.

'I am not feeling well.' 'Neither am I.'-No me siento bien. -Tampoco yo.

'I can cook at all.' 'Nor can I.'-No s cocinar para nada. -Yo tampoco.

'I haven't got any money.' ' Neihter have I.'-No tengo mucho dinero. -Tampoco yo.

'I don't like ice-cream.' 'Nor do I.'-No me gusta el helado. -Tampoco a mi.

'I am going to rent a car for tomorrow.' 'Neither am I.'-No voy a alquilar un auto para maana. -Tampoco yo.

'I wasn't at home last night.' 'Nor was I.'-No estuve en casa anoche. -Tampoco yo.

'I didn't study for the exam last Monday.' 'Neither did I.'-No estudi para el examen el pasado lunes. -Tampoco yo.

'I haven't seen her new house yet.' 'Nor have I.'-No he visto su nueva casa an. -Tampoco yo.

'I couldn't speak until I was four.' 'Neither could I.'-No pude hablar hasta que tena cuatro aos. -Tampoco yo

As you can see all tenses are possible after so, nor and neither.Como puedes observar, todos los tiempos verbales son posibles despus de so, nor y neither.

It is only a question of practice. If you give this lesson a reading now and then, your confidence in the use of this structure will grow a lot. We promise!Se trata slo de una cuestin de prctica. Si le das a esta leccin una lectura de tanto en tanto, tu confianza en el uso de esta estructura crecer mucho. Te lo prometemos!

Now it's time for activities!Imagine that somebody is talking to you and you share his/her same ideas. You have to complete the following sentences with a verb plus a pronoun. Ahora es tiempo de actividades! Imagina que alguien te est hablando y tu compartes sus mismas ideas. Tienes que completar las siguientes oraciones con un verbo y un pronombre.

Principio del formulario 'I am feeling very tired this morning....' ' So .'' I need a holiday quite soon.' 'So .'' I don't like this government.' 'Neither .''I'd like a cup of tea.' 'So .' 'I was very ill yesterday...I was in bed all day.' 'So .'' I should drink less beer.' ' So .' 'I didn't know he had lost his job.' 'Nor .' 'I've never been to China.' 'Neither .'' I couldn't get up this morning...''Neither .''I check my mails every morning.' ' So .' 'I never go to bed before midnight.' 'Nor .' 'I enjoyed George Lucas' last movie.' 'So .'http://www.clafoti.com/imagenes12/so_neither.htmhttp://www.tolearnenglish.com/forum/main.php?num=6http://www.tolearnenglish.com/cgi2/myexam/liaison.php?liaison=_both-neither_http://www.shertonenglish.com/resources/es/passive-voice.php

Final del formulario

Contracciones Contractions El uso de las contracciones es frecuente en ingls, tanto para respuestas cortas (no, I dont) como para algunos verbos (to be, verbos auxiliares, modales). Es informal.Una contraccin es la forma acortada de una palabra o una combinacin de palabras, a menudo usada cuando no queremos usar la forma completa. En estas formas cortas, las letras que faltan son substituidas por un apstrofe ('). En el ingls hablado e informal es muy comn usar las formas contradas del verbo "ser " y otros verbos auxiliares (tener, modals, etc.) Ya que stos son usados en contextos ms informales, deberan ser evitados en el ingls formal escrito. IYou, We, TheyHe, She, It

Dodon'tdon'tdoesn't

Diddidn'tdidn'tdidn't

Am'm (not)--

Is--'s - isn't

Are-'re - aren't-

Waswasn't-wasn't

Were-weren't-

Have've - haven't've - haven't-

Has--'s - hasn't

Had'd - hadn't'd - hadn't'd - hadn't

Will'll - won't'll - won't'll - won't

Would'd - wouldn't'd - wouldn't'd - wouldn't

Cancan'tcan'tcan't

Couldcouldn'tcouldn'tcouldn't

Mustmustn'tmustn'tmustn't

Shouldshouldn'tshouldn'tshouldn't

Ought tooughtn't tooughtn't tooughtn't to

Am, is, are; was, were I'm not in the mood for dancing.No estoy de humor para bailar. Tom's the boy on the left.Tom es el chico de la izquierda. Sarah isn't feeling well at the moment.Sarah no se siente bien en este momento. We're living in Manchester.Estamos viviendo en machester. The Joneses aren't very nice.Los Jones no son muy amables. I wasn't listening to you.No te estaba escuchando. They weren't alone.No estaban solos.Have, has, had You've got a wonderful family!Tienes una familia maravillosa! Ann's just left.Ann se acaba de ir. Haven't you heard the news?No te has enterado de la noticia? Lisa hasn't arrived yet.Lisa no ha llegado todava. He'd fixed the door that day.l haba arreglado la puerta ese da. My mum hadn't let me go to Spain.Mi mam no me haba dejado ir a Espaa. You'd better study for the test, young man!Ser mejor que estudies para el examen, jovencito!Do, did We don't want to bother you.No queremos molestarte. Doesn't all this strike you as odd?No te parece raro todo esto? Sam didn't write any novel!Sam no escribi ninguna novela!Modals They'll never admit to it!Nunca lo van a reconocer! Chris won't accept my apologies.Chris no aceptar mis disculpas. If I had the time, I'd read more books.Si tuviera el tiempo, leera ms libros. Miss Peters shouldn't run.La seorita Peters no debera correr. This can't be happening!Esto no puede estar pasando!

El gerundio - La forma "ing" del verbo El gerund - The "ing" form of the verbPara formar el gerundio en ingls se agrega 'ing' al verbo en infinitivo. Corresponde a la terminacin 'ando' 'endo' de los verbos en espaol. Tambin veremos que su uso es un tanto complejo.El gerundio es un sustantivo derivado del verbo. Se forma por medio de agregar -ing al verbo. Puede tener cualquiera de las funciones del sustantivo. Sujeto Running keeps me fit.Correr me mantiene en forma. Swimming has always been my passion.Nadar siempre ha sido mi pasin. Quarrelling will get us nowhere.El pelear no nos llevar a ninguna parte.Complemento del verbo "to be", y objeto a los verbos The best way to see different cultures is travelling.La mejor forma de ver culturas distintas es viajar. I don't like spending money on useless things.No me gusta gastar dinero en cosas intiles.Despus del las preposicionesSiempre se usa un verbo en su forma de gerundio despus de una preposicin. Mr. Johnson is thinking about selling the company.El seor Johnson est pensando en vender la empresa. Close the door after leaving!Cierra la puerta al salir! We're looking forward to meeting our new grandson.Estamos ansiosos por conocer a nuestro nuevo nieto. I want to visit uncle Frank before going back to Canada.Quiero visitar al to Frank antes de volver a Canad. They won't be able to enter without paying.No podrn entrar sin pagar. Dave has been arrested for stealing a TV set.Han arrestado a Dave por robar un televisor.El gerundio puede tomar modificadores de verbos y de sustantivos, tales como posesivos, adverbios y adjetivos. Paul's snoring never let Jane sleep.Los ronquidos de Paul nunca la dejaban dormir a Jane. Peter had considered not going to the party.Peter haba considerado no ir a la fiesta. We were tired of his constant complaining.Estbamos cansados de sus quejas constantes.Los gerundios tambin pueden modificar a los sustantivos. En este caso el gerundio se refiere al propsito. I need a new pair of running shoes.Necesito un nuevo par de zapatillas para correr. Have you seen grandpa's walking stick?Has visto el bastn del abuelo? Sarah's painting book had been a gift from Jill.El libro para pintar de Sarah haba sido un regalo de Jill. That sleeping bag won't be enough.Esa bolsa de dormir no ser suficiente.

Verbos seguidos por infinitivos o gerundiosVerbs followed by infinitives or gerundsComo veremos algunos verbos pueden ser sucedidos por gerundios o infinitivos. A veces hay cambios en el significado de la oracin.Con poca o ninguna diferencia en el significadoAlgunos verbos pueden ser seguidos por un infinitivo o un gerundio sin casi diferencia en su significado. Entre estos verbos podemos encontrar:

afford - bear - begin - cease - commence - dread - hate - like - loathe - love - neglect - prefer - propose - (can't) stand - start Jerry hates being/to be late for work.Jerry odia llegar tarde al trabajo. They don't like borrowing/to borrow money from anyone.A ellos no les gusta pedirle dinero prestado a nadie. Louisa began paying/to pay attention to the teacher.Louisa empez a prestarle atencin a la maestra. Hank has always dreaded travelling/to travel by plane.A Hank siempre le ha aterrado viajar en avin. Christian had preferred studying/to study Architecture.Christian haba preferido estudiar arquitectura. I can't afford losing/to lose one of my best employees.No puedo permitirme perder a uno de mis mejores empleados.Con diferencia en el significadoPor otra parte, hay algunos verbos que pueden ser seguidos por un gerundio o un infinitivo pero s existe una diferencia en el significado. attempt - continue - forget - mean - regret - remember - stop - try I don't remember taking the hat out of the box.No me acuerdo de haber sacado el sombrero de la caja. Bob, remember to tell everybody to come at 6.Bob, acurdate de decirles a todos que vengan a las 6. If the headache goes on, try putting ice on your head.Si el dolor de cabeza sigue, intenta ponindote hielo en la cabeza. Carol is trying to move on with her life.Carol est tratando de seguir adelante con su vida. Jack regretted marrying a girl he didn't love.Jack lamentaba haberse casado con una muchacha a la que no amaba. We regretted to inform her that her husband had died.Lamentbamos tener que decirle que su marido haba fallecido. I've stopped worrying about unimportant things.He dejado de preocuparme por cosas sin importancia. They had stopped to have something to eat.Haban parado para comer algo. Jesse forgot brushing his teeth so he did it again.Jesse no recordaba si se haba lavado los dientes as que lo hizo otra vez. You must never forget to send you report at the end of the week.Nunca debes olvidar mandar tu informe al final de la semana.Verbos seguidos por gerundiosVerbs followed by gerundsLos verbos ms frecuentes que solemos encontrar seguidos del gerundio son: like, love, hate, enjoy, miss, practise, suggest, cant help, admit, deny, etc. Aqu encontrars ms ejemplos.Algunos verbos son siempre seguidos por un gerundio (verbo terminado en -ing). No pueden ser seguidos por un infinitivo. Entre este tipo de verbos se encuentran:admit - anticipate - appreciate - avoid - complete - consider - defend - delay - despise - detest - discuss - dislike - enjoy - escape - excuse - finish - get through - give up - can't help - imagine - imvolve - keep (on) - mention - (not) mind - miss - postpone - practice - put off - recall - recollect - recommend - report - resent - resume - risk - (can't) see - suggest - take up - tolerate - understand. Some people resent being criticized.A algunas personas les molesta ser criticadas. I don't mind doing the dishes.No me molesta lavar los platos. Claire enjoys living in Prague.Claire disfruta de vivir en Praga. Danny and Liz aren't considering having a baby.Danny y Liz no estn pensando en tener un beb. John suggested going to the mountain for the holidays.John sugiri que furamos a la montaa para las vacaciones. My parents never cosidered moving to another country.Mis padres nunca pensaron en mudarse a otro pas. Kelly has recently given up studying.Kelly recientemente dej de estudiar. Mr. Phillips has never tolerated being late.El seor Phillips nunca toler qu se llegue tarde. Mrs. Brown had postponed travelling to India.La seora Brown haba postergado viajar a la India. Miss Taylor hadn't finished explaining the photosynthesis.La seorita Taylor no haba terminado de explicar la fotosntesis. I would keep on waiting for a better offer.Yo seguira esperando una oferta mejor. Grace can't help laughing when she sees that poster.Grace no puede evitar rerse cuando ve ese poster.

Verbos To do & To makeVerbs To do & To make

Ambos tienen como significado 'hacer'. Hay expresiones que se forman con uno u otro y son invariables. Por ejemplo, 'do me a favor', 'make some tea'.Los verbos to do y to make significan "hacer" pero se utilizan en forma diferente. Aqu hay algunos ejemplos:

Mrs. Jones is a housewife... - La seora Jones es una ama de casa... She has to do the housework.Ella tiene que hacer el trabajo de la casa. She has to do the cooking.Ella tiene que cocinar. She has to do the washing up.Ella tiene que fregar los platos. She has to do the washing/the laundry.Ella tiene que lavar la ropa sucia. She has to do the shopping.Ella tiene que hacer las compras. She has to do the ironing.Ella tiene que planchar la ropa. She has to do the dusting.Ella tiene que quitar el polvo a las cosas. She has to make the beds.Ella tiene que hacer las camas. She has to make breakfast.Ella tiene que hacer el desayuno. She has to make lunch.Ella tiene que hacer el almuerzo. She has to make dinner.Ella tiene que hacer la cena. She has to make coffee/tea.Ella tiene que hacer caf/t. She has to make a cake.Ella tiene que hacer un torta. She has to make sure that the house is in order.Ella tiene que asegurarse que la casa est en orden. Mr. Jones is a businessman... - El seor Jones es un empresario... He is doing business with important companies.l est haciendo negocios con firmas importantes. He is doing well in his job.Va bien en su trabajo. He does his best to improve his company.Hace lo mejor que puede para mejorar su empresa. He is making a lot of money.Est haciendo un montn de dinero. He is making a fortune.Est haciendo una fortuna. He doesn't like to make mistakes.No le gusta cometer errores. Sometimes he makes a fuss when something goes wrong.Algunas veces arma un lo cuando algo sale mal. He rarely makes jokes.Casi nunca hace chistes. He doesn't have much time to make friends.No tiene mucho tiempo para hacer amigos. He is making an effort to increase sales.Est haciendo un esfuerzo para aumentar las ventas. He would like to make a trip/journey.Le gustara hacer un viaje. His employees make fun of him.Sus empleados se burlan de l. He has to make a speech for a meeting. Tiene que hacer un discurso para una reunin. He has to make decisions every day.Tiene que tomar decisiones todos los das. His secretary makes appointments for him.Su secretaria arregla citas para l. She also makes telephone calls and reservations.Tambin hace llamadas telefnicas y reservas. He says that his employees make trouble.l dice que sus empleados causan problemas. He also says that women make a lot of noise.Tambin dice que las mujeres hacen mucho ruido. He often makes a fool of himself.A menudo se pone en ridculo. He makes use of his authority to threaten people.Utiliza su autoridad para amenazar a las personas. Some of his decisions don't make sense.Algunas de sus decisiones no tienen sentido. Otros ejemplos: John doesn't like to do his homework.A John no le gusta hacer su tarea. He is doing badly at school. (He is not doing well)No va bien en la escuela. (No le est yendo bien) The hurricane did a lot of damage in the area.El huracn caus mucho dao en la zona. The policeman was doing his duty when he arrested the thief. El polica estaba cumpliendo con su deber cuando arrest al ladrn. Mary did her hair and her face and left for the party.Mary se pein, se maquill y sali para la fiesta. "Can you do me a favor?"- Me puedes hacer un favor? "What are you doing here?"- Qu ests haciendo aqu? They were making love in the back seat of their car.Ellos estaban haciendo el amor en el asiento trasero de su auto. Johnny made a mess in his room.Johnny hizo un desorden en su cuarto. Bill made his way to the university. Bill se dirigi a la universidad. Jane made an excuse and left.Jane se disculp y se march. "I want to make a complaint about the service in this hotel"Quiero presentar una queja sobre el servicio en este hotel. I want you/her/him/ ... to do somethingI want you/her/him/ ... to do something

Si queremos que alguien haga algo utilizamos la estructura sujeto + want (somebody/pronombre acusativo) + to do + (something). She doesn't want us to call her.Usamos "want somebody to do" para expresar lo que esperamos que otras personas hagan, cmo esperamos que ellas se comporten o lo que nos gustara que hagan. Se forma con "want + object + to infinitive". I don't want her to call me.No quiero que ella me llame. The teacher wants every student to study hard.La profesora quiere que todos los alumnos estudien mucho. Some men don't want their wives to work.Algunos hombres no quieren que sus esposas trabajen. My parents wanted me to go to Law school.Mis padres queran que yo estudiara derecho. I didn't want Phil to find out.Yo no quera que Phil se enterara. We have always wanted our children to tell the truth.Siempre quisimos que nuestros hijos dijeran la verdad. Sarah has never wanted us to be together.Sara nunca quiso que estuviramos juntos. I had wanted him to stop working during the night.Yo haba querido que dejara de trabajar durante la noche. Mr. Collins had never wanted his daughter to go to town.El seor Collins nunca haba querido que su hija fuera a la ciudad. One day you'll want everything to end.Un da querrs que todo termine. Charles must want his girlfriend to come back.Charles debe de querer que su novia vuelva. The president wants us to believe him.El presidente quiere que le creamos.To have/get something doneTo have/get something doneUsamos 'To have/get something done' cuando queremos significar que alguien hace algo por alguien, alguien hace hacer algo, o se le hace algo a alguien.Causative use of haveUsamos el causative have cuando queremos significar que alguien hacealgo por nosotros, hacemos hacer algo, o se nos hace algo.

Se forma con have + noun + past participle Liz and Meg are having their hair dyed.Liz y Meg se estn haciendo teir el pelo. Mr. Singer always has his suits made at the tailor's shop.El seor Singer siempre se hace hacer los trajes en la sastrera. Jake had his groceries delivered two hours ago.Le trajeron las compras a Jake hace dos horas. We had our house burgled last weekend.El fin de semana pasado entraron a nuestra casa a robar. Diane has had her printer cartridges refilled.Diane hizo recargar los cartuchos de su impresora. We'd just had our house fumigated.Habamos acabado de hacer fumigar la casa. You should have your eyes checked.Deberas hacerte revisar los ojos. Jenny will have her ears pierced.Jenny se va a hacer perforar las orejas.Tambin se puede usar el get en lugar del have en contextos ms informales. I usually get my hair done at Luigi's.Generalmente me peino en lu de Luigi. Martin got his tonsils removed yesterday.A Martin le extirparon las amgdalas ayer. You must get this pipe fixed as soon as possible.Debes hacer arreglar este cao lo antes posible.

To be/get used to To be/get used to

Ambos refieren al presente y van seguidos de un gerundio. To be used to: estar acostumbrado hacer algo. To get used to: acostumbrarse a hacer algo.To be used to - estar acostumbrado a We were used to the sunny weather of the coast.Estbamos acostumbrados al clima soleado de la costa. Joan is used to dealing with children.Joan est acostumbrada a tratar con nios. Mr. Jones wasn't used to all that luxury.El seor Jones no estaba acostumbrado a todo ese lujo. They must be used to their noisy neighbours.Deben de estar acostumbrados a sus vecinos ruidosos. I am not used to travelling by plane.No estoy acostumbrado a viajar en avin.To get used to - acostumbrarse a (si sigue verbo, es un gerundio) People get used to new technologies.La gente se acostumbra a las nuevas tecnologas. Paul never got used to living in the country.Paul nunca se acostumbr a vivir en el campo. I was getting used to working with Michael.Me estaba acostumbrando a trabajar con Michael. We had got used to having you around.Nos habamos acostumbrado a tenerte por aqu. I will never get used to getting up early.Nunca me voy a acostumbrar a levantarme temprano.

Used to / wouldUsed to / wouldUsed to / Would. Significa 'soler', para hablar sobre el pasado, acerca de algo que solamos hacer hace tiempo pero que ya no hacemos. I used to smoke when I was younger.Used to / would Usamos"used to" para hablar de hbitos del pasado. De cosasque pasaban frecuentemente en el pasado pero que ya dejaron de suceder .Es seguido siempre por el infinitivo del verbo. John used to smoke a lot, but he gave up.John sola fumar mucho pero dej. Lord Albert used to go hunting when he was younger.Lord Albert sola ir a cazar cuando era joven. I used to go to school by bike, but now I go by car.Sola ir a la escuela en bici, pero ahora voy en auto.El verbo modal "would" tambin se puede usar para expresar hbitos del pasado: In class, I would often sit at the back.En clase, a menudo sola sentarme en la parte de atrs. After dinner, my father would always drink a glass of brandy.Luego de la cena, mi padre siempre sola tomar una copa de brandy. As a child, Martin would never talk to strangers.De nio, Martin nunca hablaba con extraos.Tambin lo usamos para hablar de cosas que eran verdaderas pero dejaron de serlas. There used to be a wall here.Sola haber una pared aqu. Mark used to have a dog but he gave it away.Mark sola tener un perro pero lo regal.To be able to to be able to

Se utiliza cuando queremos decir que alguien es capaz de algo, que puede. Can y Could pueden ser reemplazados en ciertos casos por esta forma verbal.To be able to - ser capaz de, poderLa expresin "to be able to" posee un significado similar a la de los modales "can" y "could", sin embargo no es un auxiliar modal dado que puede conjugarse en todos los tiempos verbales.

To be able to + infinitive: (capacidad, aptitud) saber, poder, ser capaz deCan + base form: (capacidad, aptitud) poder, saber, a veces no se traduce

El uso de "be able to" en el Presente Simple (am/is/are able to) es poco frecuente aunque posible. Para este tiempo verbal, el empleo de "can" es ms comn. Helen can speak five languages fluently.Helen puede hablar cinco idiomas con fluidez. Helen is able to speak five languages fluently. (poco comn)Helen puede hablar cinco idiomas con fluidez. Can you hear me well?Me puedes or bien? Are you able to hear me well? (poco comn)Me puedes or bien?"Be able to" se emplea ms a menudo en combinacin con otros auxiliares. You will be able to get tickets to the concert if you arrive at the box office early.Podrs conseguir entradas para el recital si llegas a la boletera temprano. Will you be able to come with us?Podrs venir con nosotros? The kids have not been able to study much today.Los nios no han sido capaces de estudiar mucho hoy. Ms. Peterson has been able to contact Mr. Hope this morning.La Sra. Peterson pudo contactar al Sr. Hope esta maana. The police were finally able to solve the mystery.La polica pudo finalmente resolver el misterio. Jim was not able to meet Richard yesterday.Jim no pudo encontrarse con Richard ayer. Mom had been able to clean the house before we got home.Mam haba podido limpiar la casa antes de que llegramos a casa. After I had been able to open the box, I discovered that it was empty.Depus de que haba podido abrir la caja, descubr que estaba vaca. If Betsy danced every day, she would be able to become a professional dancer.Si Betsy bailara todos los das, podra llegar a ser una bailarina profesional. Peter would be able to speak Italian if he lived in Rome for a year.Peter sera capaz de hablar italiano si viviera en Roma durante un ao.Was/were able to & Could

Was able to - pude (Indica una capacidad especfica para realizar un acto que existi en el pasado en un momento determinado.)Could - poda, pude (Se refiere a una aptitud o capacidad general que exista en el pasado pero que ya no existe ms.) That soccer player was able to score nine goals last season.Ese jugador de ftbol pudo marcar nueve goles la temporada pasada. Our team was able to beat yours in the World Cup.Nuestro equipo pudo derrotar al tuyo en la Copa del Mundo. We were all able to pass the test last week.Todos pudimos aprobar el examen la semana pasada. At the conference, the speaker could answer all the questions.En la conferencia, el orador pudo contestar todas las preguntas. When Grace was five, she could walk on her hands.Cuando Grace tena cinco aos, poda caminar con las manos. When David was a boy, he could run very fast.Cuando David era un nio, poda correr muy rpido.

To get

El verbo 'to get' tiene muchos significados que podremos conocert por el contexto: volverse, recibir, empezar, obtener, llegar, traer. Con adjetivos expresa estados: get tired, get angry.to get/got/gotten (US)to get/got/got (UK)El verbo "to get" tiene muchos significados. to get - conseguir, obtener, comprar, lograr, ganar, sacarto get - recibir (una carta, dinero, una recompensa, una reprimenda)to get - ir a buscar, traer

to get - agarrar, contagiarse, tener (una enfermedad)to get - contestar o atender (el telfono, la puerta)to get - llegar

to get + adjective - hacerse, volverse, ponerseto get + past participle - hacerse, volverse, ponerse

to get - conseguir, obtener, comprar, lograr, ganar, sacar Where did you get that necklace?Dnde conseguiste ese collar? Jason got a job in the south last month.Jason consigui trabajo en el sur el mes pasado. Marion could not get authorization to leave early yesterday.Marion no pudo obtener autorizacin para salir ms temprano ayer. What can I get Sally for her birthday?Qu le puedo comprar a Sally para su cumpleaos? We get our bread from the local bakery.Compramos el pan en la panadera local. You can get much cheaper seafood in the port.Puedes comprar mariscos mucho ms baratos en el puerto. My sister got an A in P.E.Mi hermana se sac una A en educacin fsica. Mr. Edwards finally got the divorce.Al seor Edwards finalmente le dieron el divorcio. An English company got the bid.Una compaa inglesa consigui la licitacin. Eugene ONeill got the Pulitzer Prize three times.Eugene ONeill gan el Premio Pulitzer tres veces.to get - recibir (una carta, dinero, una recompensa, una reprimenda) That thief got five years in prison for armed robbery.A ese ladrn le dieron cinco aos de crcel por robo a mano armada. Ive just got an e-mail message from my boss.Acabo de recibir un mensaje de correo electrnico de mi jefe. When will we get a letter from dad?Cundo recibiremos una carta de pap? Mom, if I pass all the exams, then I get a bike?Mam, si apruebo todos los exmenes, entonces me regals una bici? How much did you get in your last job?Cunto ganabas en tu trabajo anterior? How much do you think I can get for this painting?Cunto crees que me pueden dar por esta pintura?to get - ir a buscar, traer This is an emergency. Go and get the doctor.Esto es una emergencia. Ve a llamar al doctor. We are leaving. Get your jacket, Tommy.Nos estamos yendo. Ve a buscar tu saco, Tommy.to get - agarrar, contagiarse, tener (una enfermedad) Max has gotten the flu so he has to stay in bed.Max se ha contagiado gripe por lo que tiene que quedarse en cama. Susie got measles from her brother.Susie se contagi sarampin de su hermano.to get - contestar o atender (el telfono, la puerta) The phone is ringing. Will you get it please?Est sonando el telfono. Puedes contestarlo por favor? Someone has rung the door bell. Can you get the door?Alguien toc el timbre. Puedes abrir la puerta?to get - llegar "How soon can you get to the hospital?" "I can get there in an hour.""En cunto tiempo puedes llegar al hospital?" "Puedo llegar all en una hora." Can you get there by train?Puedes llegar all en tren?to get + adjective - hacerse, volverse, ponerseto get angry (enfadarse), to get fat (engordar), to get old (envejecer), to get happy (ponerse contento), get sleepy (agarrar sueo), to get thirsty (agarrar sed), to get hungry (agarrar hambre), get dark (oscurecer), to get better (mejorar), to get worse (empeorar), to get full (llenarse), to get hot (ponerse caluroso), get late (hacerse tarde), to get mad (enojarse), to get nervous (ponerse nervioso), to get well (mejorar, ponerse bien), to get rich (enriquecerse), to get cold (ponerse fro, enfriarse), to get wet (mojarse), to get bald (quedarse calvo), to get upset (disgustarse), to get sick (enfermarse). If you keep on eating chocolate, you will certainly get fat.Si segus comiendo chocolate seguramente vas a engordar. It is getting dark. I think we should leave soon.Est oscureciendo. Pienso que deberamos partir pronto. What time are we going to have dinner? I am getting hungry.A qu hora vamos a cenar? Me est agarrando hambre. Mary got mad at me when I told her the news.Mary se enoj conmigo cuando le di la noticia. When I was sick, Susan sent me a card. It said, "Get well soon."Cuando estaba enfermo, Susan me envi una tarjeta que deca: "Mejorate pronto". Jim did not have an umbrella, so he got wet while waiting for the bus yesterday.Jim no tena un paraguas entonces se moj mientras esperaba el autobs ayer. Dinner is ready, Sam. Your soup is getting cold.Sam, la cena est lista. Se te est enfriando la sopa. Mr. Andrews is wearing a wig because he got bald.El Seor Andrews usa peluca porque se qued calvo. This is not important. Take it easy. Dont get so upset.Esto no es importante. Tmalo con calma. No te disgustes tanto.to get + past participle - hacerse, volverse, ponerseto get confused (confundirse), to get married (casarse), to get engaged (comprometerse), to get excited (emocionarse/entusiasmarse), to get depressed (deprimirse), to get scared (asustarse), to get dressed (vestirse), to get finished (terminar), to get lost (perderse), to get hurt (lastimarse), to get bored (aburrirse), to get worried (preocuparse), to get ready (prepararse), to get wrinkled (arrugarse), to get drunk (emborracharse), to get crowded (llenarse de gente), to get tired (cansarse). First they got engaged and then they got married.Primero se comprometieron y despus se casaron. All the kids got excited when they saw Santa Claus.Todos los nios se emocionaron cuando vieron a Pap Noel. Lawrence got depressed when he failed the exam, so I tried to cheer him up.Lawrence se deprimi cuando no pas el examen, entonces trat de alegrarlo. There was a terrible accident, but nobody got hurt.Hubo un accidente terrible, pero nadie se lastim. They got so bored that they did not stay for the end of the movie.Se aburrieron tanto que no se quedaron hasta el final de la pelcula. Stop drinking beer; otherwise you will get drunk.Deja de tomar cerveza, de lo contrario te emborrachars. The party got so crowded that we could not dance any more.La fiesta se llen de tanta gente que no pudimos bailar ms.

There beSignifica 'haber' (de existir). There + be se utiliza para hablar acerca de la existencia de algo, por lo tanto, ubicamos el sujeto real despus del verbo.There is - hay (singular) There are - hay (plural)There was - hubo, haba (singular)There were - hubo, haba (plural)

There has been - ha habido (singular)There have been - ha habido (plural) There had been - haba habido

There will be - habrThere will have been - habr habido There would be - habraThere would have been - habra habido

There can be - Puede haberThere could be - podra / pudo haberThere may be - Puede haber There might be - podra haber

There should be - debera haber There must be - debe haber

There could have been - podra/pudo haber habido There might have been - podra haber habidoThere should have been - debera haber habido There must have been - debe haber habido

There has to be - tiene que haber (singular)There have to be - tiene que haber (plural) There had to be - tuvo/tena que haber (plural)

There has to have been - tiene que haber habido (singular) There have to have been - tiene que haber habido (plural)There had to have been - tuvo/tena que haber habido

There is going to be - va a haber (singular) There are going to be - va a haber (plural) There was going to be - Iba a haber (singular) There were going to be - Iba a haber (plural)

There is (singular) - hayThere are (plural) - hayThere was (singular) - hubo, habaThere were (plural) - hubo, haba There is a lighthouse on the beach. Hay un faro en la playa. There is a store round the corner.Hay una tienda a la vuelta de la esquina. There are two houses near the station.Hay dos casas cerca de la estacin. There are three schools in this town.Hay tres escuelas en esta ciudad. There was a party last night.Hubo una fiesta anoche. There was a kitten in the basket.Haba un gatito en la canasta. There were many people at the concert.Haba mucha gente en el recital. There were many accidents last night.Hubo muchos accidentes anoche.There has been (singular) - ha habidoThere have been (plural) - ha habido There had been - haba habido There has been a hurricane.Ha habido un huracn. There has been a burglary.Ha habido un robo en la casa. There have been two calls.Ha habido dos llamados. There have been some problems lately.Ha habido algunos problemas ltimamente. There had been many robberies in this neighborhood.Haba habido muchos robos en este barrio. There had been lack of communication between Sam and Linda.Haba habido falta de comunicacin entre Sam y Linda.There will be - habr There will have been - habr habido There would be - habra There would have been - habra habido There will be a party tonight.Habr una fiesta esta noche. There will be five guests to dinner tomorrow.Habr cinco invitados a cenar maana. There will have been much money in the safe.Habr habido mucho dinero en la caja fuerte. There will have been a letter from Anne in the mail.Habr habido una carta de Anne en el correo. There would be a live orchestra at the wedding.Habra una orsta en vivo en el casamiento. There would be some news from the summit meeting.Habra noticias de la reunin cumbre. There would have been many musicians playing Carmen.Habra habido muchos msicos interpretando Carmen. There would have been many people at the zoo.Habra habido mucha gente en el zoolgico.There can be - Puede haber There could be - podra / pudo haber There may be - Puede haber There might be - podra haber There can be a fire.Puede haber un incendio. There can be an earthquake in San Francisco.Puede haber un terremoto en San Francisco. There could be many injured people.Pudo haber muchos heridos. There could be no answer from Helen.Podra no haber respuesta de Helen. There may be a storm.Puede haber una tormenta. There may be a flood in this area.Puede haber una inundacin en esta zona. There might be blackouts tonight.Podra haber apagones esta noche. There might be a food shortage next week.Podra haber una escasez de alimentos la semana prxima.There should be - debera haber There must be - debe haber There should be a warning.Debera haber una advertencia. There should be someone watching that child.Debera haber alguien vigilando a ese nio. There must be a way out.Debe haber una salida. There must be a mistake.Debe haber un error.There could have been - podra/pudo haber habido There might have been - podra haber habido There should have been - debera haber habido There must have been - debe haber habido There could have been a mistake.Podra haber habido un error. There could have been a failure in the airplane.Pudo haber habido una avera en el avin. There might have been an explosion.Podra haber habido una explosin. There might have been a car crash.Podra haber habido un choque. There should have been warnings.Debera haber habido advertencias. There should have been a report from the chairman.Debera haber habido un informe del presidente. There must have been an error.Debe haber habido un error. There must have been a theft.Debe haber habido un hurto.There has to be - Tiene que haber (singular) There have to be - Tiene que haber (plural) There had to be - tuvo / tena haber There has to be a solution.Tiene que haber una solucin. There has to be some news from Jack.Tiene que haber noticias de Jack. There have to be several solutions.Tiene que haber varias soluciones. There have to be many good ideas.Tiene que haber muchas ideas buenas. There had to be a cause.Tuvo que haber una causa. There had to be a reason.Tena que haber una razn.There has to have been - tiene que haber habido (singular) There have to have been - tiene que haber habido (plural) There had to have been - tuvo/tena que haber habido There has to have been a reason.Tiene que haber habido una razn. There has to have been a doubt.Tiene que haber habido una duda. There have to have been many reasons.Tiene que haber habido muchas razones. There have to have been many questions.Tiene que haber habido muchas preguntas. There had to have been a purpose.Tuvo que haber habido un propsito. There had to have been an ulterior motive.Tena que haber habido un motivo oculto.There is going to be - va a haber (singular) There are going to be - va a haber (plural) There was going to be - Iba a haber (singular) There were going to be - Iba a haber (plural) There is going to be a celebration.Va a haber una celebracin. There is going to be a tango show next weekend.Va a haber un espectculo de tango el fin de semana viene. There are going to be many guest speakers at the conference.Va a haber muchos oradores invitados en la conferencia. There are going to be many workers at the construction site.Va a haber muchos trabajadores en la obra en construccin. There was going to be a party yesterday.Iba a haber una fiesta ayer. There was going to be an exhibition last week.Iba a haber una exposicin la semana pasada. There were going to be a host and a hostess at the cocktail.Iba a haber un anfitrin y una anfitriona en el cctel. There were going to be many booths at the trade show.Iba a haber muchos puestos en la feria.

Condicionales ConditionalsLos "conditionales" son ciertas estructuras del ingls en las cuales, si cierta condicin, situacin o circunstancia es verdadera, entonces sucede un resultado especfico. Aqu veremos varios tipos usuales de "condicionales"Zero Conditional - (Type Zero) - Situacin siempre verdadera If you freeze water, it turns into ice. First Conditional - (Type I) - Situacin real o posible If it rains today, I'll stay at home. Second Conditional - (Type II) - Situacin hipottica If I won the lottery, I would travel around the world. Third Conditional - (Type III) - Situacin hipottica del pasado If I had won the lottery, I would have traveled around the world.

Conditional: wish + past simple- Deseo sobre una situacin irreal I wish I were rich (but I am not) Conditional: wish + past perfect - Deseo sobre el pasado I wish I had learned English when I was younger (but I didn't) Conditional: wish + would - Expresando desagrado o irritacin I wish you would stop making that noise

Palabras para expresar condiciones: unless, provided, You won't pass the exam unless you study harder. ADVERBS IN ENGLISHLos adverbios en ingls se pueden clasificar en las siguientes categoras: Adverbios de modo, adverbios de lugar, adverbios de tiempo, adverbios de duracin, adverbios de frecuencia, adverbios de orden, adverbios de grado, adverbios de certeza. Aqu tambin encontrars ejemplos traducidos al espaol.De Modo - How? well, better, fast, slowly, carefully, easily, De Lugar - Where? here, there, above, everywhere, away, De Tiempo - When? now, early, late, soon, already, tomorrow, De Duracin - How long? all week, for a while, since yesterday, De Frecuencia - How often? always, never, often, once a day, De Orden - In what order? firstly, secondly, lastly, finally, De Grado - To what degree? To very, completely, greatly, extremely, De Certeza - How sure? certainly, indeed, of course, perhaps, Tiempos Voz PasivaPassive Voice TensesTodos los tiempos verbales del ingls en voz pasiva con ejemplos traducidos al espaol.Present - What is done? The car is washed Present Perfect - What has been done? The car has been washed

Past - What was done? The car was washed Past Perfect - What had been done? The car had been washed

Future - What will be done? The car will be washed Future Perfect - What will have been done? The car will have been washed

Future (going to) - What is going to be done? The car is going to be washed Future Perfect (going to) - What is going to have been done? The car is going to have been washed

Future in Past - What was going to be done? The car was going to be washed Future Perfect in Past - What was going to have been done? The car was going to have been washed

Conditional - What would be done? The car would be washed Conditional Perfect - What would have been done? The car would have been washed

Modals - What (could, must, should, ) be done? The car (could, must, should, ) be washed Modals + Have - What (could, must, should, ) have been done? The car (could, must, should, ) have been washed http://www.shertonenglish.com/resources/es/passive-voice.php

Expresiones con palabras claves - Palabra "when"when all is said and donea fin de cuentas

when it comes tocuando se trata de

when it rains, it pourssobre llovido, mojado

when least expectedcuando uno menos lo espera

when one's back is turneda espaldas de uno

Ann's a very good mother, when all's said and done, that's what matters. I can't stand Rob! I'll go out with him when hell freezes over! Peter is very careful when it comes to his work. It's true that love comes to you when least expected. Sue tells you that she likes you but, when your back's turned, she'll run you down.when my ship comes in/homecuando me saque la lotera

when/if the push comes to the shoveen caso de apuro

when the chips are downa la hora de la verdad

when the dust has settledcuando haya pasado la tormenta

Yeah, I'll buy a Ferrari when my ship comes home. You can call Mr. Ferguson only when the push comes to the shove. They're here now but when the chips are down, none of them is my real friend. You should go, they're very upset, I'll call you when the dust has settled.Idioms with key verbs - Verb "to turn"to turn a blind eyehacer la vista gorda

to turn a deaf earhacer odos sordos

to not turn a hairno movrsele a alguien un pelo

to turn in one's graverevolcarse en la tumba

to turn on the waterworksecharse a llorar como una magdalena

to turn one's back ondar la espalda

to turn over a new leafhacer borrn y vuenta nueva

Dan's parents turn a blind eye on his drug problem and it only makes it worse. The workers demand better working conditions but the management turns a deaf ear. I told my father I was leaving home at 15 but he didn't turn a hair. Shakespeare would turn in his grave if he saw her performance of Lady Macbeth! Every time I wanted something I turned on the waterworks and my dad gave it to me. My so-called best friend turned her back on me when I needed her most. Joe has decided to turn over a new leaf and checked into rehab.