EIS Quick Bites: NOV 2018 by Prof. Om Trivedi CA Intermediate – Group II (New Course) Prof. Om Trivedi, IIM Alumnus and Faculty Member of IGP, Delhi, NIRC & WIRC of ICAI . (9958300572, [email protected]) Data Information Process System • Collection of raw facts and figures. • Consists of numbers, words, or images, particularly as measurements or observations of a set of variables. • Data that have been processed so that they are meaningful. • Organized data that has been arranged for better comprehension, understanding and/or retrieval. BP is a sequence of co- ordinated activities to transforms input into output which creates some value to the customer as well as the organization. A group of mutually related, cooperating elements working towards reaching a common goal by taking inputs and producing outputs in organized transformation processes. Information System: It refers to a system that collects, stores, analyses, processes and distributes information in the enterprise for decision-making, co-ordination and control. It can be manual as well as computer-based information system (CIS). Information Technology: It refers to the applications of Computer systems – Hardware and Software, Telecommunications and Networks, DBMS and Other Information Processing Technologies to collect, store, transmit and manipulate data for processing of information in the enterprise. Data Vs. Information Data Information • Data is raw facts and figures. • Information is facts or figures ready for communication or use. • Data is unorganized. • Information is meaningful and recorded by human intellect. Components of IS Key: (PHD IN Sw.) Why IS? Key: (OBC 2 ) 1. People Resources (Specialists and End Users) 2. Hardware (Machine and Media) 3. Data (DBMS) 4. Information Products 5. Network (Devices, Media, Software and Protocols) 6. Software (Programs and Procedures) 1. Operational excellence 2. Better decision-making 3. Competitive advantage 4. Customer-supplier intimacy Chapter 3: Information System Components
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EIS Quick Bites: NOV 2018 by Prof. Om Trivedi CA Intermediate – Group II (New Course)
Prof. Om Trivedi, IIM Alumnus and Faculty Member of IGP, Delhi, NIRC & WIRC of ICAI. (9958300572, [email protected])
Data Information Process System
• Collection of raw facts
and figures.
• Consists of numbers,
words, or images,
particularly as
measurements or
observations of a set of
variables.
• Data that have been
processed so that
they are
meaningful.
• Organized data that
has been arranged
for better
comprehension,
understanding
and/or retrieval.
BP is a sequence of co-
ordinated activities to
transforms input into
output which creates
some value to the
customer as well as the
organization.
A group of mutually
related, cooperating
elements working
towards reaching a
common goal by taking
inputs and producing
outputs in organized
transformation processes.
Information System: It refers to a system that collects, stores, analyses, processes and distributes information
in the enterprise for decision-making, co-ordination and control. It can be manual as well as computer-based
information system (CIS).
Information Technology: It refers to the applications of Computer systems – Hardware and Software,
Telecommunications and Networks, DBMS and Other Information Processing Technologies to collect, store,
transmit and manipulate data for processing of information in the enterprise.
Data Vs. Information
Data Information
• Data is raw facts and figures. • Information is facts or figures ready for communication or use.
• Data is unorganized. • Information is meaningful and recorded by human intellect.
Components of IS Key: (PHD IN Sw.) Why IS? Key: (OBC2)
1. People Resources (Specialists and End Users)
2. Hardware (Machine and Media)
3. Data (DBMS)
4. Information Products
5. Network (Devices, Media, Software and Protocols)
6. Software (Programs and Procedures)
1. Operational excellence
2. Better decision-making
3. Competitive advantage
4. Customer-supplier intimacy
Chapter 3: Information System Components
EIS Quick Bites: NOV 2018 by Prof. Om Trivedi CA Intermediate – Group II (New Course)
Prof. Om Trivedi, IIM Alumnus and Faculty Member of IGP, Delhi, NIRC & WIRC of ICAI. (9958300572, [email protected])
LAYERS IN INFORMATION SYSTEMS
HARDWARE
EIS Quick Bites: NOV 2018 by Prof. Om Trivedi CA Intermediate – Group II (New Course)
Prof. Om Trivedi, IIM Alumnus and Faculty Member of IGP, Delhi, NIRC & WIRC of ICAI. (9958300572, [email protected])
PROCESSING DEVICES
CPU CU ALU Registers
• CPU is the processor
that computes and
processes data and
delivers the results
based on the
instructions that are fed
to the PC.
• Every CPU has two
basic parts, the Control
Unit and the
Arithmetic Logic Unit.
• Computer’s
resources are
managed by CU.
• It is the logical
hub of the
computer.
• CPU’s
instructions for
carrying out
commands are
built into CU.
• Carries out
mathematical
operations.
• Arithmetic: Addition,
subtraction,
multiplication, division,
etc.
• Logical: Comparisons,
such as, whether one
number is equal to,
greater than, or less
than another number.
Internal memory within
CPU, which are very fast
and very small.
Types of Registers:
a) Accumulators (AR) b) Data Registers (DR) c) Instruction Registers
(IR) d) Memory Registers
(MR) e) Index Registers
Memory Unit
Primary Memory
RAM ROM CMOS
Secondary Memory
Internal Memory
External Memory
Virtual Memory
EIS Quick Bites: NOV 2018 by Prof. Om Trivedi CA Intermediate – Group II (New Course)
Prof. Om Trivedi, IIM Alumnus and Faculty Member of IGP, Delhi, NIRC & WIRC of ICAI. (9958300572, [email protected])
Cache Memory (Pronounced as ‘Cash’)
• There is a huge speed difference between Registers and Primary Memory.
• To bridge these speed differences, we have cache memory.
• Cache is a smaller, faster memory, which stores copies of the data from the most frequently used main
memory locations so that Processor/Registers can access it more rapidly than main memory.
PRIMARY MEMORY
1. Read Only Memory (ROM):
• It is only readable memory.
• The data written on it cannot be modified.
• The instructions required during booting of a system are retrieved from ROM.
2. Random Access Memory (RAM):
• RAM is temporary and is erased when computer is switched off.
• RAM is read/write type of memory, and thus, can be written by user.
3. Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor Memory (CMOS):
• CMOS is used to store the system configuration, date, time and another important data.
• When computer is switched on, BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) matches the information of
CMOS with the peripheral devices and displays error in case of mismatching.
SECONDARY MEMORY Because the storage capacity of primary memory is limited so additional memory called auxiliary memory is
used in computer systems.
Bubble Memory Flash Memory
• Made of thin crystal film - synthetic garnet.
• This crystal film contains large number of
magnetic domains (bubbles).
• The presence or absence of bubbles indicates
whether bit is on or off.
• Non-volatile Memory
• Credit or Debit card use bubble memory.
• Latest technology in semi-conductor memories.
• Made of a small board. (PCB – Printed Circuit
Board).
• A very high speed memory.
• Portable memory for carrying data and
programmes.
Virtual Memory
• VM is not a separate device; but an imaginary memory area
• Supported by operating systems in conjunction with the hardware.
• If a computer, that lacks RAM, needs to run a program or operation, Windows uses virtual memory to
compensate.
• Virtual memory combines computer’s RAM with temporary space on the hard disk.
• When RAM runs low, virtual memory moves data from RAM to a space called a paging file.
• Moving data to and from the paging file frees up RAM to complete its work.
• Virtual memory is an allocation of hard disk space to help RAM.
EIS Quick Bites: NOV 2018 by Prof. Om Trivedi CA Intermediate – Group II (New Course)
Prof. Om Trivedi, IIM Alumnus and Faculty Member of IGP, Delhi, NIRC & WIRC of ICAI. (9958300572, [email protected])
SOFTWARE System Software Application Software
A computer software designed to operate the
computer hardware and to provide and maintain a
platform for running any application software.
Application software has been created to perform a
specific task for a user.
Functions of OS Key: (PUsH MTNL File) Types of Application Software Key: (Content and
Media for AIEEE)
1. Performing hardware functions
2. User Interfaces
3. Hardware Independence
4. Memory Management
5. Task Management
6. Networking Capability
7. Logical access security
8. File management
1. Content Access Software
2. Media Development Software
3. Application Suite
4. Information Worker Software
5. Enterprise Software
6. Enterprise Infrastructure
7. Educational Software
Advantages and Disadvantages of Application Software Key: (User needs virus updated
to avoid cost and Malware)
Advantages Disadvantages
1. Addressing User needs
1. Less threat from virus
2. Regular updates
1. Development is costly
2. Infection from Malware
Application Areas of Computer Based Applications
1. Finance and Accounting
2. Marketing and Sales
3. Production and Manufacturing
4. Human Resource Management
5. Inventory or Stores Management
EIS Quick Bites: NOV 2018 by Prof. Om Trivedi CA Intermediate – Group II (New Course)
Prof. Om Trivedi, IIM Alumnus and Faculty Member of IGP, Delhi, NIRC & WIRC of ICAI. (9958300572, [email protected])
DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (DBMS)
Database Database System DBMS Objectives of DBMS
• A collection of
interrelated data
stored together to
serve multiple
applications.
• Data is stored in such
a way that it is
independent of the
programs which use
the data.
Computer Based Record-
Keeping System.
• A set of computer
programs that
controls the creation,
maintenance, and
utilization of the
databases of an
organization.
• A System software
that provides facility
to create and maintain
a well-organized
database.
• Example: SQL,
Oracle, DB2, etc.
1. To know its
information needs.
2. To acquiring that
information.
3. To organize the
acquired information
in a meaningful way.
4. To assure
information quality.
5. To provide software
tools so that users in
the enterprise can
access the information
they require.
EIS Quick Bites: NOV 2018 by Prof. Om Trivedi CA Intermediate – Group II (New Course)
Prof. Om Trivedi, IIM Alumnus and Faculty Member of IGP, Delhi, NIRC & WIRC of ICAI. (9958300572, [email protected])