E i t d E i t d Environment and Environment and In In-Use Vehicles Use Vehicles In In Use Vehicles Use Vehicles by by: Dr. Dr.- Ing. Gunadi Sindhuwinata Ing. Gunadi Sindhuwinata Dr. Dr. Ing. Gunadi Sindhuwinata Ing. Gunadi Sindhuwinata Executive President, SAE Executive President, SAE - Indonesia Indonesia JARI I d i R dt bl 2008 JARI I d i R dt bl 2008 JARI Indonesia Roundtable 2008 JARI Indonesia Roundtable 2008 “Efforts for Air Pollution Reduction” “Efforts for Air Pollution Reduction” Borobudur Hotel Borobudur Hotel Jk t Fb 14 Jk t Fb 14 th th 2008 2008 JARI/IATO/GA/0208 1 Jakarta, February 14 Jakarta, February 14 th th 2008 2008
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Ei t dEnvironment and In-Use VehiclesUse Vehicles t dEnvironment and In-Use VehiclesUse Vehicles byby:: Dr.- Ing. Gunadi SindhuwinataIng. Gunadi Sindhuwinata Executive President, SAE
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E i t dE i t dEnvironment and Environment and InIn--Use VehiclesUse VehiclesInIn Use Vehicles Use Vehicles
byby::Dr.Dr.-- Ing. Gunadi SindhuwinataIng. Gunadi SindhuwinataDr.Dr. Ing. Gunadi Sindhuwinata Ing. Gunadi Sindhuwinata Executive President, SAE Executive President, SAE -- IndonesiaIndonesia
JARI I d i R dt bl 2008JARI I d i R dt bl 2008JARI Indonesia Roundtable 2008JARI Indonesia Roundtable 2008“Efforts for Air Pollution Reduction”“Efforts for Air Pollution Reduction”
Borobudur HotelBorobudur HotelJ k t F b 14J k t F b 14thth 20082008
JARI/IATO/GA/0208 1
Jakarta, February 14Jakarta, February 14thth 20082008
1. Macro Economy Condition and Increasing Number of Automotive VehicularVehicular
2. Fuel Properties, Consumption and E i t C ditiEnvironment Condition
3. Reducing Pollution in Indonesia4. Conclusion
2JARI/IATO/GA/0208
1. Macro Economy Condition and Increasing Number of Automotive VehicularNumber of Automotive Vehicular
3JARI/IATO/GA/0208
Increasing Number of Automotive VehicularIncreasing Number of Automotive VehicularIncreasing Number of Automotive VehicularIncreasing Number of Automotive Vehicular
Automobiles & Motorcycles play significant role in the economic development of the country, besidesfreedom of mobility for every single citizen must be guaranted.
The number of automotive vehiculars is The number of automotive vehiculars is increasing along with the income growth of the people, on the othergrowth of the people, on the other hand, it also creates a lot of environmental issues.
4
environmental issues.
JARI/IATO/GA/0208
Income/Capita, Population and Automobile Market V l f ASEAN C t i Y 2007
Income/Capita, Population and Automobile Market V l f ASEAN C t i Y 2007Volume of ASEAN Countries Year 2007Volume of ASEAN Countries Year 2007
Country GDP/Capita Population Motorcycle AutomobileCountry GDP/Capita Population Motorcycle Automobile
(US$) (million) (unit) (unit)
Indonesia 1,376 234,0 4,713,895 433,341
Malaysia 3,092 22.4 449,669 487,176Malaysia 3,092 22.4 449,669 487,176
2. Fuel Properties, Consumption and Environment ConditionEnvironment Condition
9JARI/IATO/GA/0208
Environmental Problem and Fuel ConsumptionEnvironmental Problem and Fuel ConsumptionEnvironmental Problem and Fuel ConsumptionEnvironmental Problem and Fuel Consumption
1. Environmental problem occures because automotive products are operated with fossil -automotive products are operated with fossilbased fuel which emits polluting gasses.
2 It i bl i i f th d f it2. It is unrenewable, increasing of the used of it would harm the human health and it could also damage the environment.
3. Existency of fossil-based fuel resources is 3 s e cy o oss ased ue esou ces suncertain and limited, while meassures for fuel efficiency are eminent.
10JARI/IATO/GA/0208
efficiency are eminent.
Factors Influencing Factors Influencing bi i Q libi i Q li
Factors Influencing Factors Influencing bi i Q libi i Q liAmbient Air QualityAmbient Air QualityAmbient Air QualityAmbient Air Quality
Ambient Air QualityAmbient Air Quality
l Emission Level Character of Engine
Fuel Property g
In – UseIn – Use Vehicles
11JARI/IATO/GA/0208
Population of InPopulation of In--Use Motor Vehicles Use Motor Vehicles b C t 1997 2004b C t 1997 2004
Population of InPopulation of In--Use Motor Vehicles Use Motor Vehicles b C t 1997 2004b C t 1997 2004by Category 1997 ~ 2004by Category 1997 ~ 2004by Category 1997 ~ 2004by Category 1997 ~ 2004
40000000
45,000,000
50,000,000MotorcyclePassenger Car Bus
Units
30000000
35,000,000
40,000,000 BusTruckTotal
20,000,000
25,000,000
30,000,000
10,000,000
15,000,000
20,000,000
0
5,000,000
97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05
12JARI/IATO/GA/0208
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Year Source : Indonesian Nationall Police
Ten Important Provinces of A t bil d M t l M k t
Ten Important Provinces of A t bil d M t l M k tAutomobile and Motorcycle MarketAutomobile and Motorcycle Market
RankingAutomobile Motorcycle
Province % Province %
1 DKI - Jakarta 30.9 DKI - Jakarta 15.92
2 Jawa Barat 19.1 Jawa Timur 14.28
3 Jawa Timur 10 8 Jawa Barat 12 353 Jawa Timur 10.8 Jawa Barat 12.35
4 Banten 5.9 Jawa Tengah 9.94
5 Jawa Tengah 5.7 Sumatra Utara 7.41g
6 Sumatra Utara 5.6 Sulawesi Selatan 4.75
7 Bali 2.7 DI - Jogyakarta 4.05
8 Kalimantan Timur 2.4 Kalimantan Timur 3.98
9 Sulawesi Selatan 2.4 Sumatra Selatan 3.45
10 Riau 2 3 Bali 3 38
13JARI/IATO/GA/0208
10 Riau 2.3 Bali 3.38
Population of InPopulation of In--Use Motor Vehicles by Use Motor Vehicles by C t i M t lit J k t 2001 2006C t i M t lit J k t 2001 2006
Population of InPopulation of In--Use Motor Vehicles by Use Motor Vehicles by C t i M t lit J k t 2001 2006C t i M t lit J k t 2001 2006Category in Metropolitan Jakarta 2001~2006Category in Metropolitan Jakarta 2001~2006Category in Metropolitan Jakarta 2001~2006Category in Metropolitan Jakarta 2001~2006
7,000,000
8,000,000MotorcyclePassenger CarTruck
Units
5,000,000
6,000,000TruckBusTotal
3000000
4,000,000
, ,
2,000,000
3,000,000
0
1,000,000
01 02 03 04 05 06
14JARI/IATO/GA/0208
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
YearSource : Jakarta Capitol Police
Pollution Through Utilization of F il F l i S l t d Bi CitiPollution Through Utilization of
F il F l i S l t d Bi CitiFossil Fuel in Selected Big CitiesFossil Fuel in Selected Big Cities
CO NO2 PM10 O3 SOx PbBangkok 2002 A D A A C B
Manila 2002 A E C C C BKuala Lumpur 2004 -- D D C A --Jakarta 2003 E C C C D DHo Chi Minh City 2002 C E E -- E EHo Chi Minh City 2002 C E E -- E E
Beijing 2005 E E D -- C --Shanghai 2005 -- E D -- E --g
Colour WHO Standard
A < 50%
B Within range
C 200% within the range
D 300% within the range
15
E 300% above the range
Sourcer : World Bank & UNEPJARI/IATO/GA/0208
Air Pollution in some Capitol CitiesAir Pollution in some Capitol CitiesAir Pollution in some Capitol CitiesAir Pollution in some Capitol Cities
04
120
SPM
SO2
104
8990
79
100
68
7960
80 NO2
am/m
3
29
39
44 42
3330
40
60
Mik
rogr
a
29
2420
1118
30
23 22
20
0 0 0 00
Jakarta KualaLumpur
Manila Singapore Bangkok Beijing Tokyo
16Sourcer : World Bank
p
JARI/IATO/GA/0208
Consumption of Fuels by G f U 2000 2005
Consumption of Fuels by G f U 2000 2005Group of Users 2000 ~ 2005 Group of Users 2000 ~ 2005
Natural Climate Changes, 24%Natural Climate Changes, 24%Both, 25%Both, 25%Source : World Bank
JARI/IATO/GA/0208
Road Length and CategoryRoad Length and CategoryRoad Length and CategoryRoad Length and CategoryRoad Length and Category Road Length and Category Road Length and Category Road Length and Category
Item Lenght (m) Areal (sqm) Status
1 Tol/Highway 112,960.00 2,472,680.00 Tol1 Tol/Highway 112,960.00 2,472,680.00 Tol
Comparison of Road Length (2002)Comparison of Road Length (2002)Comparison of Road Length (2002)Comparison of Road Length (2002)
No Country Population Length (km)K / ilNo. Country p
(mil.) Km/mil.Artery Highway1. Japan 125 1.166.340 11.520 9.4222. Malaysia 22 64.949 1.230 3.0083. Korea 46 88.775 2.600 1.9864 Chi 1 300 1 700 000 100 000 1 3844. China 1.300 1.700.000 100.000 1.3845. Indonesia 210 26.000 520 126
Sourcer: Indonesian Tol Way Association
21JARI/IATO/GA/0208
Sou ce do es a o ay ssoc at o
Geographical Comparison Between Geographical Comparison Between J d I d iJ d I d i
Geographical Comparison Between Geographical Comparison Between J d I d iJ d I d iJapan and IndonesiaJapan and IndonesiaJapan and IndonesiaJapan and Indonesia
No Item Indonesia Japan (%)No Item Indonesia Japan (%)
Prediction of Total Growth Emission in G t J k t 2015 i C i t 1998
Prediction of Total Growth Emission in G t J k t 2015 i C i t 1998Greater Jakarta 2015 in Comparison to 1998Greater Jakarta 2015 in Comparison to 1998
441998 2005 2015
on
3
mpa
riso
on
2
age
Com
Emis
si
1
erce
nta
of
0
Pe
25JARI/IATO/GA/0208
Nox SO2 PM CO THC
3. Reducing Pollution in Indonesia
26JARI/IATO/GA/0208
Fuel Efficiency and EnvironmentFuel Efficiency and EnvironmentFuel Efficiency and EnvironmentFuel Efficiency and EnvironmentFuel Efficiency and EnvironmentFuel Efficiency and EnvironmentFuel Efficiency and EnvironmentFuel Efficiency and Environment
1. Efforts must be done to minimise pollution by reducing fuel consumption and using suitable fuel or substituting with other alternative fuels.
2. Introducing legislation for exhaust emissions with the consideration of availability of suitable fuel and existing technology through consistant and step by step implementation.
27JARI/IATO/GA/0208
p y p p
Strategy of Pollution Control on Strategy of Pollution Control on hi lhi l
Strategy of Pollution Control on Strategy of Pollution Control on hi lhi lMotor VehiclesMotor VehiclesMotor VehiclesMotor Vehicles
Pollution ControlControl
28JARI/IATO/GA/0208
Standard of Emission for Standard of Emission for hi l i ihi l i i
Standard of Emission for Standard of Emission for hi l i ihi l i iNew Vehicles in AsiaNew Vehicles in AsiaNew Vehicles in AsiaNew Vehicles in Asia
Indonesia MOE Decree KM 141 / 2003 (23 Sept 2003)Malaysia
Philippines
( p )
pp
Singapore
ThailandThailand
29JARI/IATO/GA/0208Euro I Euro II Euro III Euro IV
Development of 2 Development of 2 –– Strokes and Strokes and S k l kS k l k
Development of 2 Development of 2 –– Strokes and Strokes and S k l kS k l k4 4 –– Strokes Motorcycle MarketStrokes Motorcycle Market4 4 –– Strokes Motorcycle MarketStrokes Motorcycle Market
.6.9.46%
989692.
88.6
85
81.5
78.8
77.2
74.9
9.3580
90100
69
60.5
52.3
54.259
.3
54.3
65.
57.6
607080
2 St k 4 St k
42.434 5
45.740.7
45.847.739.530
40
50 2-Stroke 4-Stroke
34.5 30.725.1 22.821.2 18.5
15 1.43.17.611.410
2030
11.40
30JARI/IATO/GA/0208
Year
Background of The Use of Non – Fossil FuelBackground of The Use of Non – Fossil FuelBackground of The Use of Non Fossil FuelBackground of The Use of Non Fossil Fuel
Uncontrollable Fuel Price
Increasing of Consumption ue ce
Alternative Renewable Energy
p
Limitation of Resources
Global Warming
Renewable Energy
Biodiesel & Bi th l
Resources Warming
Bioethanol
31JARI/IATO/GA/0208
Substitution of Fossil Fuel Through Bio-FuelSubstitution of Fossil Fuel Through Bio-FuelSubstitution of Fossil Fuel Through Bio FuelSubstitution of Fossil Fuel Through Bio Fuel
Bio - Fuel Fossil - Fuel Basis Material
Di l F l Bi di l Palm, Coconut, Jatropha,Diesel Fuel Biodiesel Palm, Coconut, Jatropha,Sun FlowerPlants which contain:
Gasoline Bioethanol
• Starch: Casava, Sagoo, Corn, Sweet Potato,
• Sugar: Sugar CaneGasoline • Sugar: Sugar Cane, Sorgum, Fruit Juice, Sugar Palm, g ,Date Palm
objectives, Identify data gaps, studies and pilots
• Identify analyze, Options:Issues: y y ,and select management options
• Develop strategies
p• Fuels and Vehicle
technology• Traffic
• Technical• Economic• Legal
and implement action plan
• Institute monitoring and enforcement
Management• Standards• Economic
incentives and
• Policy• Social• Stakeholders
involvement
35JARI/IATO/GA/0208
and enforcement incentives and disincentives
involvement
Suggestion for Improvement of Suggestion for Improvement of E i t l C ditiE i t l C diti
Suggestion for Improvement of Suggestion for Improvement of E i t l C ditiE i t l C ditiEnvironmental Condition Environmental Condition Environmental Condition Environmental Condition
1 Creating Proper Emission Regulations1. Creating Proper Emission Regulations.2. Requiring of Clean Fuel, Comply to the Quality
Standard.3. Building Sufficient Infrastructure i.e. Roads and
other Related Physical Instruments4 D l i S i bl T i S B ild4. Developing Suitable Transportation System, Build
in the City Planning.5 Improving Traffic Management System and5. Improving Traffic Management System and
Included Discipline of Traffic Users.6. Applying Green Technology, Non-Fossil Based Fuel.pp y g gy,7. Building Awareness of Regular Maintenance and
Inspection.
36JARI/IATO/GA/0208
8. Strengthen Step by Step Limits of Emission.
Th k YTh k YTh k YTh k YThank YouThank YouThank YouThank You