EHs management concept & realities

Safety

Ajeet Kumar Sharma , DGM, BHEL, Haridwar

Safety

Freedom from unacceptable risk or harm

( ISO/IEC guide 2)

Freedom from unacceptable risk or harm

( ISO/IEC guide 2)

Safety is the condition of being protected against failure, damage, error , accidents , or harm. Protection involves here both causing and exposure.

Safety is the condition of being protected against failure, damage, error , accidents , or harm. Protection involves here both causing and exposure.

the quality or condition of being safe; freedom from danger, injury, or damage; security.( Webster’s New world dictionary )

the quality or condition of being safe; freedom from danger, injury, or damage; security.( Webster’s New world dictionary )

Safety

Safety describes a state in which the remaining risk is judged to be acceptable. There is still a possibility, even in a state of safety, that harm could occur. The concept of safety as an absence of hazard (see Hazard) is of little practical use in most contexts, since risks exist even if an activity is avoided

Safety is the condition of being protected against failure, damage, error, accidents, or harm. Protection involves here both causing and exposure.

Source : wikipedia.org

Important Definitions :

HAZARD :Source, situation, or act with a potential for harm in terms of humaninjury or ill health, or a combination of these.

RISK : combination of the likelihood of an occurrence of a hazardous event or exposure(s) and the severity of injury or ill health that can be caused by the event or exposure(s)

HISTORY HISTORY

1881- FIRST FACTORY ACT WAS PASSED BY BRITISH GOVERNMENT

1922- FIRST AMENDMENT PASSED FOR CLEANLINESS, OVER CROWDING, VENTILATION & LIGHTING MEETING OF TEXTTILE MILL OWNERS.

1933- FIRST FACTORY INSPECTOR APPOINTED

IN BOMBAY.

1948- FIRST INDIAN FACTORY ACT PASSED

Accident /Incident Accident /Incident

Unplanned , Uncontrolled , Undesired Event which May or May Not Cause Injury/Loss but has the Potential to cause Injury/Loss

THEORY OF ACCIDENT THEORY OF ACCIDENT by H.W. HENRICH by H.W. HENRICH

After analysis of 75000 lost time accident which were lodged for the claim in the

insurance company.

1

29

300

FatalFatal

Minor AccidentMinor Accident

Near missesNear misses

0.3 %0.3 %

8.8 %8.8 %

90.9 %90.9 %

THEORY OF ACCIDENT THEORY OF ACCIDENT by FRANK BIRDby FRANK BIRD

1

10

30

600 WITHOUT LOSS/ INJURY WITHOUT LOSS/ INJURY ACCIDENTACCIDENT

PROPERTY DAMAGEPROPERTY DAMAGE

MINOR ACCIDENTMINOR ACCIDENT

FATALFATAL

After analysis of 43000 lost time accident

The basic theory of accident occurrence may be briefly stated as:

A personal injury occurs only as a result of an accident. An accident occurs only as a result of UNSAFE ACTION or exposure to UNSAFE CONDITION (mechanical or physical) or both.

Unsafe actions or unsafe mechanical or physical conditions exists only because of faults on the part of persons; and

Faults of persons are inherited or acquired from the environment.

Accident Sequence

Factors Affecting Individual Behavior PERSONAL FACTORS: Ill health, Age, Physical disability.

PHYSIOLOGICAL FACTORS: Work environmental factors / problems, Rest pause cycle.

PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS: Worries, depression, aggression.

SOCIOLOGICAL FACTORS: •Safety literature in regional language, tendency for bargaining for unsafe and unhealthy working conditions.

• Lack of interest in the job / employment.

JOB CLIMATE AND ITS DEFECTS ON ATTITUDE:Job training

Incomplete/untrained supervisory personal.

Poor working conditions.

Political interference etc.

DOMINO THEORY OF ACCIDENT PREVENTION

88 %

10 %

UNSAFE ACT UNSAFE ACT ABUSE OF SAFETY DEVISES.

UNSAFE WORKING PROCEDURE.

MOVING NEAR RUNNING PART OF THE

MACHINES.

USE OF DRUG, QUARRELLING.

LACK OF PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT.

OPERATING MACHINE WITHOUT AUTHORITY.

LACK OF ATTENTION.

UNSAFE CONDITIONSUNSAFE CONDITIONS INADEQUATE MACHINE GUARDING. DEFECTIVE TOOLS UNSAFE DESIGN/ CONSTRUCTION

OF THE WORK PLACE. IMPROPER ILLUMINATION. EXCESS NOISE POOR HOUSE KEEPING EXCESS HEAT IN WORK PLACE

Impact Impact FOR THE ORGANISATION :

SCHEDULE TO ACHIEVE TARGET GET DISTURBED. REDUCED PRODUCTIVITY .INCREASE IN PRODUCTION COST.COMPENSATION AMOUNT WILL GO UP .DAMAGE TO MACHINERY. WASTAGE OF MATERIAL. REDUCED PROFIT.SCARCITY OF SKILLED MANPOWER DAMAGE TO THE IMAGE OF THE ORGANIZATION.

FOR INDIVIDUAL : -

PAIN FOR THE INJURED PERSON.PAIN FOR THE FAMILY.AFFECTS IMAGE IN THE SOCIETY.REDUCED EFFICIENCY

MITHS ABOUT SAFETYMITHS ABOUT SAFETY

IF ACCIDENT HAS TO HAPPEN, IT WILL DEFINITELY HAPPEN IT .

SAFETY IS THE RESPONSIBILITY OF SAFETY DEPARTMENT.

THERE ARE SO MANY SAFETY RULE IT WILL NOT BE POSSIBLE TO ENSURE ALL.

I HAVE GIVEN EVERY THING TO MY WORKER. NOW IT IS HIS RESPONSIBILITY.

PRODUCTION IS EFFECTED BY ADHERING TO THE SAFETY RULE.

WORKER NEVER LISTEN TO US ON SAFETY.

I AM TOO BUSY TO GIVE ATTENTION TOWARDS THE SAFETY.

MY SUPERVISOR ARE BUSY IN PRODUCTION THEY HAVE NO TIME FOR SAFETY BUSINESS.

SAFETY IS THE RESPONSIBILITY OF EVERY ONE

You have not only to provide Safe & Best product but also create a climate where the safe operation can be possible.

Safety means prevention of the accident and also

• Occupational health.

• Safe Working conditions.

• Prevention any kind of loss to man, machine, material and money.

Elimination the Unsafe Conditions;• Safe guarding all machines, equipment, workplace etc.• Rectifying or preventing defective conditions.• Suitable and safe design and construction.• Safe arrangement, processes, methods of work etc.• Adequate and suitable illumination.• Adequate and suitable ventilation.• Safe dress and PPEs.

Elimination Unsafe Actions;• Personal adjustment – Right man for right job.• Safety education and training.• Supervision• Discipline.

HOW TO CONTROL AN ACCIDENT

ACCIDENT PREVENTION

One of the main motivating factor to prevent the accident today is;

The Statutory requirement or provision which are to be complied with.

Secondly, there are consideration of prestige and image of the company. A poor accident record and frequent complicated circumstances reduce the image of the company.

Now - a - days most of the growing companies adopting safety as other operational activities.

Why Safety ?

(1) ECONOMIC

(a) Management

(I) Direct Costs

(II) Indirect Costs

(b) Worker & His family

(I) Loss of earning

(II) Extra expenses{ medical, nutrition, transport }

(c) Society

Some injured employees and families become public assistance beneficiaries and have to be supported by the other members of the society.

(2) HUMANITARIAN

The humanitarian reason for accident prevention is based on the notion that it is duty of every man to ensure the general well-being of his fellowmen.

(3) LEGAL

It’s the duty of each employer, through different Act & Law ( as U. P. Factories act 1948, Section 7a) to provide safe working condition for his employees.

5- Es for Safety

ENGINEERING : Proper systems and layout

EDUCATION : Relevant job and safety education

ENFORCEMENT : Clearcut procedures and Strict enforcement

ENTHUSIASM : Keeping the work force motivated with incentives, rewards etc.

EVALUATION : Continuous evaluation of programmes & procedures and updating them.

Principle of Accident Prevention

Priniciple : 01

An unsafe Act, unsafe Condition, an accident; all are symptoms indicating deficiencies of the management system.

Principle : 02

Certain sets of circumstances can be predicted to produce severe injuries. These circumstances can be identified and controlled.

Principle of Accident Prevention

Principle : 03

Safety should be managed like other company function Management should direct the safety effort by setting achievable goals by planning, organization and controlling to achieve them.

Principle of Accident Prevention

Principle : 04

The key of effective safety performance is the management procedures that fix accountability.

Principle of Accident Prevention

Principle No. -05;

The function of safety is to locate and define the operational errors which may lead to accidents.

[1] by asking why - searching root cause of an accidents and

[2] by asking whether or not certain known effective control are being utilized.

Principle of Accident Prevention

ICEBERG PRINCIPLE OF HIDDEN COST (Frank E. Bird, Jr.)

Medical Payment.

Compensation Payment.

Lost Time of Supervisor & other executives.

Incidental cost due to interference with production.

Cost Due to damage tools or machine.

Loss due to damage of product and material.

Loss of productivity on the idle m/c.

Cost due to continuous of wages of injured person.

Other hidden Cost as training of new worker, overtime wages to other workers, Investigation time.