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EHS 415: PUBLIC
UTILITIES
AND
ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
Lecturer: Ms. Olulegan
POWER SUPPLYFIRE SERVICES
DRAINAGE SYSTEMS
DRAINAGE SYSTEMS
A drainage system
in urban and
industrial areas is a
facility to dispose of
liquid waste.
DEFINITION
Today’s drainage systems
must cost-effectively
manage flooding, control
stream bank erosion, and
protect water quality.
NUGGETS
Water is the main
contributor to the
wear and damage of
low-volume rural
roads.
The water can be in the
form of ground water,
surface water (streams
and rivers) or rain and it
can damage the road in
several ways:
By washing away the
soil (erosion
and scouring)
By making the road body
less resistant to traffic (i.e.
weakening the load
bearing capacity)
By depositing soils
(silting) which may
obstruct the passage of
water
By washing away
entire sections of the
road or its structures
BRACE UP!
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There
is
A
DIAGRAMIN THE NEXT
An efficient drainage system
is therefore essential to allow
water to flow off and away
from the road as quickly as
possible.
THIS IS ACHIEVED BY A SYSTEM
CONSISTING OF THE FOLLOWING
COMPONENTS:
Road surface
drainage which
enables the water to
flow off the road
surface
Side drains which
collect and lead the
water away from
the road
Road embankments in
flood prone terrain,
lifting the road surface
well above the highest
flood levels
Catch-water drains
which catch surface
water before it
reaches the road
Scour checks,
preventing erosion
in the ditches by
slowing down the flow
of the water
Culverts which lead the
water from the side
drains under the road to
the other (lower) side
Bridges and drifts which
allows the road to cross
rivers and streams in a
controlled manner
throughout the seasons.
In addition, different
arrangements may be
required for drainage of
high water tables to lower
the levels of underground
water.
BRACE UP!
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There
is
A
DIAGRAMIN THE NEXT
Ensuring good
drainage begins
when selecting the
road alignment.
A major concern when
designing and installing
culverts is to minimize the
wear and tear the water being
drained away from the road
may have on the culvert and
the adjoining road sections.
For this reason, the
location, dimensions and
choice of inlet and outlet
arrangements play an
important role when
choosing the optimal
design solutions.
TYPES OF DRAINAGE
SYSTEMS
WHAT A GOOD
DRAINAGE SYSTEM
SHOULD LOOK LIKE:
BRACE UP!
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There
is
A
DIAGRAMIN THE NEXT
PROPER DRAINAGE
SYSTEM
hat’s the
essence of a
W
WHAT THEN IS
WRONG WITH ALL
OUR NIGERIAN
DRAINAGE SYSTEMS?
WhyIS THE
TERMED AS A PUBLIC
UTILITY?
DRAINAGE
SYSTEM
FIRE SERVICES
SEE VIDEO
ON
“FIRE SERVICES”THE CORPORATE FILM: THE CITY FIRE SERVICE
KWASU
What problems
are facing the
fire services in
Nigeria?
Highlight the
benefits of having
well functioning fire
services’ utilities in
Nigeria.
How can we
remedy the fire
services utilities
in Nigeria?
The
privatization of
public utilities in
Nigeria
POWER SUPPLY
NUGGETS ON ENERGY:
Global fundamentals
Residential/commercial
Industrial
Electricity generation
Transportation
Supply
Nigeria spends about $13 billion (about N1.95
trillion) every year to provide electricity from
generators.
- President Johnathan, October 2010
Currently, there are about 60 million generators in Nigeria at the ratio of one per household of
2.5 people with an annual spending of N1.6 trillion,”
-Dr Kabir Usman, September 2012
(Director-General of Centre for Management Development)
He also said that the poorest Nigerians paid more than N80/kwh burning candles,
kerosene and firewood while manufacturers paid between N45
and N60/kwh on diesel to run their generators.
-Dr Kabir Usman, September 2012 (Director-General of Centre for
Management Development)
ASSIGNMENT
Split yourselves into 4groups and discuss the
causes and remedy to the problem of power supply in