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AIM: What were the accomplishments of the Ancient Egyptians?
Do Now: Review What were the 8 basic characteristics of
civilization?
HW: The Ancient Egyptians used their gods to teach lessons to
the people. Create a story using some of the Egyptians gods &
goddesses we discussed today.
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Pyramids
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The pyramids were built from LIMESTONE. The Great Pyramid, built
for Pharaoh Khufu, contains over 2 million limestone blocks, each
weighing roughly 2 tons!As the pyramids still stand today it is
easy to see the ancient Egyptians knowledge in mathematics &
geometry.
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The diagram below shows the outside of the Great Pyramid.The
buildings surrounding the pyramid are called MASTABAS, which were
tombs that held nobles. The pyramids in front of the Great Pyramid
were built for the Pharaohs Queens.A temple was built in front of
the Great Pyramid to allow daily rituals, and where offerings were
left.
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The inside of the pyramid contained many different areas. Air
Shafts Kings Chamber Other Chambers Grand Gallery Queens Chamber
Underground Chamber
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The Great Sphinx
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The Great Sphinx is a large human-headed lion that was carved
from a mound of natural rock. It is located in Giza where it guards
the front of Khafras pyramid.
Legends have been told for many years about the Great Sphinx.
These stories tell about the powers & mysteries of the Sphinx.
Some people believe that there are hidden passageways or rooms
underneath, but nothing has been found. yet!
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Mummification: Process of embalming & drying corpses to
prevent them from decaying.Ancient Egyptians believed in an
afterlife. They mummified the body so the soul could return
later.
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Anubis was the god who watched over the process of mummifying
people when they died.After the embalming procedure, the mummys
internal organs were placed in these clay Caponic jars.
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As you know, the ancient Egyptians practiced a polytheistic,
animistic religion. Here are some of the key gods of the Egyptian
religion. Notice their animalistic qualities. Next to each god you
will see their name, and what they are a god of.
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Ra the sun god. He was the most important god of the ancient
Egyptians.Isis the protective goddess. She used powerful magic to
help people in need.Anubis the god of embalming and the dead.Osiris
god of the dead, and ruler of the underworld.
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Seth the god of chaos.Atum the creator god. Believed to be the
first god to exist. Sekhmet goddess of war.Horus god of the sky.
Protector of the pharaoh.
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The earliest form of writing in Egypt were pictographs, like the
one you see below. Each picture stood for an idea. For example a
picture of a bird would mean bird.
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As time past, the scribes needed to find an easier way of
writing. As a result, a newer form of hieroglyphics was formed.
Another innovation came overtime. Papyrus, a paper-like material
was developed. Now scribes could write on a more compact surface,
instead of stone or clay.
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As the Egyptian civilization declined, any chance of deciphering
hieroglyphics was lost. That is until the Rosetta Stone was
discovered in 1799.The Rosetta Stone contained a message in 3
different languages: HieroglyphicsHieroglyphics (in a simpler
form)Greek
Finally, in 1822 the stone was deciphered!!
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