Egypt

EGYPTEGYPT

GeographyGeography

∆ Fertile soil in Nile Delta∆ Floods every spring∆ Mouth of the river

∆ Cataracts: rocky area with swift currents and rapids∆ Too rough to use for invasions

∆ Fertile soil in Nile Delta∆ Floods every spring∆ Mouth of the river

∆ Cataracts: rocky area with swift currents and rapids∆ Too rough to use for invasions

Two KingdomsTwo Kingdoms

∆ Different dialects and customs∆ Lower Egypt

∆ Most of the Nile Delta∆ Mild climate∆ Worshipped a cobra goddess

∆ Upper Egypt∆ South of Lower∆ Worshipped a vulture goddess

∆ Different dialects and customs∆ Lower Egypt

∆ Most of the Nile Delta∆ Mild climate∆ Worshipped a cobra goddess

∆ Upper Egypt∆ South of Lower∆ Worshipped a vulture goddess

Old Kingdom (2650 BCE-2100 BCE

Old Kingdom (2650 BCE-2100 BCE

∆ Pyramids∆ Tombs for rulers

∆ Workers were peasants

∆ Pharaohs∆ Absolute Power: God, Judge, leader of army∆ Owned all the land in the country∆ Responsible for prosperity

∆ Theocracy: State ruled by religious figures∆ Bureaucracy: organization managed by officials ∆ Pharaoh's relatives∆ No power of their own∆ Vizier was assistant

∆ Pyramids∆ Tombs for rulers

∆ Workers were peasants

∆ Pharaohs∆ Absolute Power: God, Judge, leader of army∆ Owned all the land in the country∆ Responsible for prosperity

∆ Theocracy: State ruled by religious figures∆ Bureaucracy: organization managed by officials ∆ Pharaoh's relatives∆ No power of their own∆ Vizier was assistant

Middle Kingdom(2055-1650)

Middle Kingdom(2055-1650)

◊ Economic prosperity◊ Capital: Thebes◊ Sailors and merchants◊ Fortresses along Nile

• Trade routes through Egypt not safe

◊ Hyksos conquered M.K.

◊ Economic prosperity◊ Capital: Thebes◊ Sailors and merchants◊ Fortresses along Nile

• Trade routes through Egypt not safe

◊ Hyksos conquered M.K.

New Kingdom(1500-332)New Kingdom(1500-332)◊ 1st permanent army

• Foot soldiers, archers, charioteers

◊ Expanded empire◊ Monotheism under Akhenaten

• sun god Aten◊ Polytheism restored under King Tut

◊ Invasions plagued Egypt• Broke into small states• No Egyptian ruled after 343 BC• Greeks took over until Rome conquered

◊ 1st permanent army• Foot soldiers, archers, charioteers

◊ Expanded empire◊ Monotheism under Akhenaten

• sun god Aten◊ Polytheism restored under King Tut

◊ Invasions plagued Egypt• Broke into small states• No Egyptian ruled after 343 BC• Greeks took over until Rome conquered

Hatshepsut(15000

Hatshepsut(15000

◊ Only woman pharaoh◊ Dressed like a man ◊ Promoted huge trading expedition

◊ Nephew destroyed nearly everything she created

◊ Only woman pharaoh◊ Dressed like a man ◊ Promoted huge trading expedition

◊ Nephew destroyed nearly everything she created

Rames II or Ramses the GreatRames II or Ramses the Great◊ Led battle against the Hittites

◊ Ruled for 60 years◊ Built more temples and monuments than any other pharaoh

◊ Most remembered Pharaoh

◊ Led battle against the Hittites

◊ Ruled for 60 years◊ Built more temples and monuments than any other pharaoh

◊ Most remembered Pharaoh

ReligionReligion

◊ Re, Amon-Re: Sun God• Father of the Pharaohs

◊ Anubis: Protector of the Dead◊ Osiris: Civilization of Egypt (took Anubis job)• Pieces of his body was chopped up and spread around Egypt

◊ Isis: Goddess of nature and women◊ Horus: God of sky

• Son of Osiris and Isis

◊ Re, Amon-Re: Sun God• Father of the Pharaohs

◊ Anubis: Protector of the Dead◊ Osiris: Civilization of Egypt (took Anubis job)• Pieces of his body was chopped up and spread around Egypt

◊ Isis: Goddess of nature and women◊ Horus: God of sky

• Son of Osiris and Isis

Religion continuedReligion continued

◊ Obelisks: pillars w/ pyramid shaped tops

◊ Priests were responsible for taking care of the gods• Rituals• Festivals

◊ Mummification• Tombs• Needs food/drink• Treasures for nobles and pharaohs• Painted walls

◊ Obelisks: pillars w/ pyramid shaped tops

◊ Priests were responsible for taking care of the gods• Rituals• Festivals

◊ Mummification• Tombs• Needs food/drink• Treasures for nobles and pharaohs• Painted walls

Daily LifeDaily Life

◊ Society• Pharaoh• Priest, Gov. officials• Artisans and Merchants• Farmers, miners, soldiers• Slaves

◊ Women had more rights• Jobs, own property

◊ Very focused on appearance• Makeup, wigs, skirts, robes, jewelry

◊ Society• Pharaoh• Priest, Gov. officials• Artisans and Merchants• Farmers, miners, soldiers• Slaves

◊ Women had more rights• Jobs, own property

◊ Very focused on appearance• Makeup, wigs, skirts, robes, jewelry

Art, Writing, and Science

Art, Writing, and Science

◊ Great Sphinx◊ Hieroglyphics

• Rosetta Stone: Translator◊ Greek, Demotic, and Hieroglyphic

◊ Arithmetic• Add, subtract, multiply and divide• Geometry• Engineering: pyramids

◊ Anatomy• Doctors and medical knowledge

◊ Great Sphinx◊ Hieroglyphics

• Rosetta Stone: Translator◊ Greek, Demotic, and Hieroglyphic

◊ Arithmetic• Add, subtract, multiply and divide• Geometry• Engineering: pyramids

◊ Anatomy• Doctors and medical knowledge