GE Energy Michel Molière: GE Energy Pre-combustion Capture: A Powerful Concept Against long-range,Trans-Boundary Pollution EGTEI - EmTech50-500 Conference Rome, 2011 May 5-6th
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GEEnergy
Michel Molière: GE Energy
Pre-combustion Capture:A Powerful Concept Against long-range,Trans-Boundary Pollution
EGTEI - EmTech50-500 ConferenceRome, 2011 May 5-6th
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� Introduction
�What is new in the World Power Scene ?
� The New Promising Players in Power Gen
� Performance Improvements
� The Power of IGCC
� Hydrogen – CCS Schemes
� Conclusion
Summary
GE Company Proprietary
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IntroductionIntroduction: Pollutants from Power Generation
Action range Nature Effects
Unburned Hydrocarbons (‘‘UHC’’)
Respiratory tract (mutagenic)
Ozone (O3) – PAN (1) Respiratory tract
Particles (PM10-2.5-1) Respiratory tract-asthma
PAH, Heavy metals Blood; Mutagenic
Carbon monoxide (CO) Blood- oxygen transport
Sulfur oxides (SOx) Respiratory tract
Nitrogen oxides (NOx) Respiratory tract regional
radionucléïdes Mutagenic
global CO2 Climatic changes
(1) Secondary pollutants
What is new in the World Power Generation Scene ?
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World Power Scene: Present & Future
The World Power Sectorto grow in forthcomingdecades: Emerging Countries…
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
'93 '94 '95 '96 '97 '98 '99 '00 '01 '02 '03 '04 '05 '06 '07 '08 '09 '10 '11 '12
GW
AsiaAsia
Europe Europe
USA
Middle East
Electricity, an indispensable, ubiquitous commodity
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World Power Scene: 2011 Status
Danemark
USAUSA
Russia
BrazilBrazil
AustraliaAustralia
Coal
Gas
Nuclear
Hydro
Solar / Wind
France+ Germany
ChinaChina
JapanJapan
RussiaRussia
A very contrasted Landscape of Primary Energies
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Power Growth : a Complex Set of Constraints
Primary Energy
Resources &
Cost
CO2 Emissions
GlobalizationMarket Rules
PublicAcceptance
Non CO2
Emissions
World Energy Needs
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Non CO2 Emissions
� Many world places arenon attainment areas
� Need to keep industrialization and urbanization under control
� Huge Challenges in developing Countries
� Local Pollutants:
CO, UHC, PAH, PMs
� Trans-boundary Pollutants:
SOx, NOx
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CO2
Climatic Changes imperatively urge large CO2 emission cuts
� All Sectors are affected:
� industry
� power generation
� transport
� tertiary sector
� individuals
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CO2 Sources by sectors and by Energies• Power Generation accounts for ca 40%
• Coal for 70 % of the power share.
• IEA predicts a growth of ca 1.8%/year
The New Promising Players
In Power Generation
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Green Energies Gaining Ground in Competiveness
The “Green Cluster” :
- Renewables
- Biomass & Biofuels
GE Company Proprietary
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GE Energy Biofuel Program
� Biodiesel� Bioethanol� Biomethanol� Bio-ETBE� Bio-MTBE� Vegetable Oils � Syn-biofuels � Biogas� Biohydrogen� Biodimethylether(bio-DME)
Not sustainable within very large power gen plans…
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Fossil’s Stay Indispensable…
0
50
100
150
200
1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012
Hydro
Gas
GW
OilOilCoal
Wind
Others
NuclearNuclear
Diverse
More than 80% of Power is currently ex Fossil Energies
Performance Improvement: A Permanent, “No-Regret” Effort
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The Assets of Modern Prime Movers
Modern gas Turbines areat the core of most efficientthermal power generationconcepts
A high concentrate of technologies:
- combustion- thermal sciences- materials science- control software …
GE Company Proprietary
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Thermal NOx is under Control…
‘‘Dry Low NOx’’ System have Become BAT
GAZ70%
Staged Combustion
GAS83%
17%30%
Premix Combustion
Fuel-Air Premix upstream of FlameDiffusion Flame Combustion on1 then 2 stages
25 ppm NOx: BAT
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The Assets of GTCC (Gas Turbine Combined Cycle)
“H Technology” delivering insuperable performances in power generation:- 350 MWe + per power unit,- Eff. 60%+
GTCCs associate the best prime-movers with a powerful thermodynamic cycle
209FB CC 825 MWe / 58% eff.March ‘06
GE Company Proprietary
Example: Arcos Spain
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Natural Gas
Residual
NGL
RefineryGas
Gasified Coal, Coke Oven Gas
Hydrogen to 98%
Butane
Ethanol
Heavy Gas Oil
Propane
LPG
LNG
Naphtha
Crude
Distillate
Specific Energy, (Btu/lb)
Hydrogen Content, (by mass)
Methanol
Process Gas
Weak Nat. Gas
Kerosene
Biodiesel
The Large Fuel Portfolio of Gas Turbines
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Customer/ Site Model No. Gas Features
ExxonMobil Singapore MS6241FA 2 IGCC 44.5% H2
Georgia Gulf MS7001EA 3 Blend Methane+50% H2
SUV Vresova MS9001E 2 IGCC 46.8% H2
BASF/ Geismer MS6001B 1 PG Up to 80% H2
Koch Refinery MS6001B 1 RFG 12% to 50% H2
Daeson Korea MS6001B 1 PG up to 95% H2
Shell Int'l MS5001P 1 RFG 60% H2, propane
Reutgerswerke MS3002J 1 PG 60% H2
Tenerife MS6001B 1 RFG ~70% H2
Cartagena MS6000B 1 RFG 66% H2
San Roque MS6000B 2 RFG 70% H2
IGCC=Syngas; RFG=Refinery Gas; PG=Process Gas; TG=Tail Gas
Avoid Flaring Residual gases !
Customer/ Site Model No. Gas Features
Antwerpen MS6000B 1 RFG 78% H2
Puertollano MS6000B 2 RFG Up to 60% H2
La Coruna MS6000B 1 RFG Up to 52% H2
Rotterdam MS6000B 1 RFG 59% H2
AGIP/ Milazzo MS5001P 1 RFG 30% to 50% H2
Cochin Refineries MS5001P 1 RFG 50% H2
Mobil/ Paulsboro MS5001P 2 RFG 20% to 60% H2
Uhde NUP MS3002J 1 TG ~60% H2
Donges GE10 1 RFG 76% H2
Zarqa Refinery PGT10 1 RFG 82% H2
A two decade–long experience
with by-process fuel streams
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An example of Low BTU fuel utilization:BaoSteel Luojing, China
• COREXTM steel process
• CO-H2-CO2 off-gas compatiblewith a GE Frame 9E combustion capabilities
• ~ 1970 kcal/Nm3
• 1x109E multi-shaft combined cycle power generation
• Integrated single-shaft gas turbine/generator/fuel gas compressor
The Power of IGCC :
Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle
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Sulfur
SulfurRemoval
Syngas
Slag
Gasifier
Oxygen
MarketableByproducts
Low Value Raw Energy Material:
- petroleum coke- Coal, lignite- Bitumen- refinery tars- Vacuum Residues
sulfur & nitrogen
99% removal
Mercury removal
CCGT (ex: 209FB)
Polygeneration;
- Hydrogen- Fischer Tropsch Hydrocarbons - Methanol- Alcohols
IGCC IGCC –– PolygenerationPolygeneration: the Concept: the Concept
cendres
SYNGAS
STEAM
Power Island
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IGCC IGCC –– Flow sheetFlow sheet
Gasification
Gasifier Cooling
Oxidant
SupplyCombined
Cycle
Cleanup
Sulfur
SlagSyngas
Clean
Fuel
Slag
HydrogenAmmonia
MethanolChemicals
Electricity
ProductsFuels
l Bituminous Coall Sub Bituminous Coall Lignite
l Orimulsionl Residual Oilsl Refinery Bottomsl Petroleum Cole
l Biomassl Wastes
GT 25689B
5 TechnologiesOxidant Supply
GasificationClean UpCombined CycleIntegration
- Air or Oxygen (ASU)
- CO + H2- Sulfur, FBN, Metals-Syngas combustion- Synergy
Processes
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IGCC IGCC -- the Assetsthe Assets
Emission Prevention vs. Pollution Control
Boiler
SCRESP/FF
CarbonInjection
FF
FGD
WESP
Pre-CombustionPM, Hg, Su, CO2
CO2
Pulverized Coal
• Removing pollutants after combustion : 100 times the gas volume of an IGCC
• Low CO2 content (~14%)
• Higher emissions than IGCC
• Limestone sulfur removal adds 3% CO2
IGCC
• Gasification cleans the coal before it is burned...
• High CO2 content in syngas (40%-50%)
• “IGCC Cleaner Coal” increases fuel diversity and reduces emissions…
Cleaner by Design…
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H2 in refinery IGCC: Sarlux, Sardinia, Italy
Sulfur
Removal
Sulfur
RemovalShift
Reactor
Shift
ReactorGasifierGasifier
Reformer/Absorber
HCUHCU
HRSGHRSG
SteamTurbine
Petroleum Cokevis Breaker Tars
ResidualsAsphalts
ASUASU
H2 Manu-
facture
H2 Manu-
facture
~~~~
Process
Steam
Air
O2
Air
Syngas
H2
HydroCracker
Tailgas
RFG
Customer/ Site Model No. Gas Features
Antwerpen MS6000B 1 RFG 78% H2
Puertollano MS6000B 2 RFG Up to 60% H2
La Coruna MS6000B 1 RFG Up to 52% H2
Rotterdam MS6000B 1 RFG 59% H2
AGIP/ Milazzo MS5001P 1 RFG 30% to 50% H2
Cochin Refineries MS5001P 1 RFG 50% H2
Mobil/ Paulsboro MS5001P 2 RFG 20% to 60% H2
Uhde NUP MS3002J 1 TG ~60% H2
Donges GE10 1 RFG 76% H2
Zarqa Refinery PGT10 1 RFG 82% H2
• Residues – GE gasification• 550MW 3xS109E• Power/Steam/Hydrogen• Complete Integrated System• Turnkey
Other References
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Plant Type COD MW
Power
Block Application Integration Gasifier Fuel
Coal IGCC ExperienceCoolwater IGCC 1984 120 107E Power Steam GE Coal
SUV Vresova IGCC 1996 350 209E Cogen Steam ZVU Coal
SVZ IGCC 1996 70 6B Cogen/ MeOH Steam GSP Coal
Wabash IGCC 1996 250 107FA Power N2 E-Gas Coal/Pet Coke
Tampa Polk IGCC 1996 250 107FA Power Steam/N2 GE Coal
Refinery IGCC ExperienceFrontier Refinery 1996 40 6B Cogen Steam/Air/N2 GE Pet Coke
Shell Pernis Refinery 1997 120 206B Cogen/H2 Steam Shell/Lurgi Oil
Sarlux Refinery 2000 550 3x109E Cogen Steam GE vis breaker tar
Motiva Refinery 2000 180 2- 6FA Cogen Steam/N2 GE Pet Coke
Exxon Singapore Refinery 2000 173 2- 6FA Cogen None GE Oil
Nexen/Opti Refinery 2006 160 2- 7EA Cogen Steam Shell Asphaltene
Fujian JV Refinery 2009 253 2- 9E Cogen N2 Shell Oil
Steel ExperienceILVA ISE Steel 1996 520 3x109E Cogen None Steel Mill BFG/COG/LDG
Piombino Edison Steel 2001 180 1x109E Cogen None Steel Mill BFG/COG/LDG
Tonghua Steel 2003 50 6B Cogen None Steel Mill BFG/COG
Jinan Steel 2004 100 6B Power None Steel Mill BFG/COG
Baosteel Luojing Steel 2008 174 1x109E Cogen None Steel Mill COREX
Syngas Experience by Application
Hydrogen – CCS Schemes
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Pre-combustion CO2 capture
NG Pre-combustion De-carbonization
GenGenSteam
Turbine
Steam
Turbine
HRSGHRSGAir
CO2
Flue
Gas
ATRATR ShiftShift CO2
Sep
CO2
Sep
H2
NG
IGCC Pre-Combustion De-carbonization
GenGenSteam
Turbine
Steam
Turbine
HRSGHRSG
Air
CO2
Flue
Gas
ShiftShift SO2
Scrub
SO2
ScrubCO2
Scrub
CO2
Scrub
H2
Coal+O2
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Cleaner
Energy
from
Coal
Objective Approach Capability
IGCCwithCarbon Capture
Advanced
Separation
& Gasification
Technology
• High-H2 GT fleet
• Successful operation
• Diffusion flame
• Diluent for NOx
• Advanced pre-mix combustion
• Membranes --O2, CO2, H2
• DOE program
IGCC & CCS Combustion Landscape
Today
Future
GE PG7321FB-H2
Conceptual FutureGen plant courtesy US DOE
FutureGen
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BP/Edison-Mission Carson H2 power project –Carson, CA
BP/S&SE Peterhead
1x209E Combined Cycle
• EOR IGCC project with 500MW& long term CO2 storage
• Low CO2 emissions cogen plantfueled w/H2 from gasification ofrefinery petroleum coke &recycled waste water
• 1x207FB combined cycle plant
Pet Coke IGCC w/EOR & Carbon Storage
7FB Gas Turbines
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CCS Abu Dhabi Project
Statoil ?
GE - IGCC turbines program
“The objective of this project is to design and develop a fuel flexible (coal derived hydrogen or syngas) gas turbine for IGCC and “FutureGen” type applications.”
DOE Performance Objectives:• Performance:• +2 to 3 % pts efficiency by 2010• +3 to 5 % pts efficiency (total) by 2015
• Combustion• <3 ppm NOx by 2015• Fuel flexibility - FutureGen & traditional IGCC
• Capital cost <$1000/kW
Conclusion
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Conclusion
� To address the trans-boundary pollutants problem and enter into the “carbon-constrained” world , the power generation sector will face major challenges:
• Efficiency jump
• Empower green energies
• Go on tightening conventional emission control
� GT have gained technology maturity and should be important players in theses moves
� IGGC plants equipped with CCS units and fuelled with Hydrogen represent a scheme for the future
GEEnergy
Thank You….Thank You….
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