eGovernment Interoperability

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eGovernment Interoperability

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What, Why, How, WhoInteroperability: as a concept

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Agenda

What is egovernment interoperability?Why is egovernment interoperability important? What would egovernment interoperability accomplish?How is egovernment interoperability realized?What are open standards? What role do they play in egovernment interoperability? What makes a welldesigned GIF/EA?Who should be involved in GIF/EA development?What resources are needed to develop and implement a GIF/EA?What is the role of policy makers in ensuring egovernment interoperability?What are the important lessons to remember about egovernment interoperability?

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Agenda


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Definition

“...The ability of two or more diverse government information and communications technology (ICT) systems or components to meaningfully and seamlessly exchange information and use the information that has been exchanged...”

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Agenda


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Demands on governments

●Enhanced efficiency and effectiveness●Improved delivery of basic public services●Increased transparency and accountability

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Agenda


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Expectations

●Better decisions●Better public services●Better governance

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Agenda


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Realization

●Through standards●Through architecture

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Agenda


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Characteristics of open standards

●Easy accessibility for all to read and use●Developed by a process that is open and relatively easy for anyone to participate in; and●No control or tiein by any specific group and vendor

Open standards enables

●Avoid vendor lockin●Wide technology choices●Tapping technology cost reduction

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Agenda


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Design fit

●Framework based/flexible●Standards oriented●Open but aligned●Industry maturity ●Clearly defined governance model

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Agenda


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Involvement

●Stakeholders●Lead agency●Decision makers●Technical personnel

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Agenda


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Resource needs

●Funding for institutions●Appropriate skill sets in government

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Agenda


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Role for policy makers

●Vision●Political sponsorship

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Agenda


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Take away

● It's not technology only (It's a mixVision, Policy, Strategy)● It's an iterative, open and inclusive process● Required to have an interagency support organization

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SynthesisGIF/Architecture

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Agenda

Standards approach to interoperabilityArchitectural approach to interoperabilityConclusion

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Agenda


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Standards approach to interoperability::The GIF Content organization

1Context

2Standards

3Development

4 Implementation

5Compliance

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Context:

Definition of GIFAim of the documentPrinciples that supports the selection of standards (Interoperability, Scalability, Reusability, Openness, Market support, Security, Privacy, Accessibility, Multilingualism, Transparency)

Scope and limitationsOrganizations bound by specifications of the GIFRelationship of the GIF with other documents/policies

1Context

2Standards

3Development

4 Implementation

5Compliance

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Standards:

Categories (process, semantic and technical)

Basis (diversity and democratic participation, openness and transparency, IPR constraints, access and security)

Maturity and obsolescence (Emerging, Current, Fading)

1Context

2Standards

3Development

4 Implementation

5Compliance

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Development:

Creation and revisionsActors (Lead organization, secretariat, working groups)

Process documentations

1Context

2Standards

3Development

4 Implementation

5Compliance

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Implementation and Compliance:

Organization responsibilityCompliance and enforcementCapacity developmentMeasures of success

1Context

2Standards

3Development

4 Implementation

5Compliance

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Agenda


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Architectural approach to interoperability: (Challenging the way information systems are organized and governed in public sector and calls for a broader definition of interoperability)

EA, NEA, and SOA

Objectives (Administrative reforms and interoperability)Principles (balance between excessive and no control)Technical content (Reference modelsPerformance, Business, Service Component, Technical and Data (USGov))Development and design (need based, cost effective, flexible) Implementation and governance (Communication, Cooperation, Incentives, Political leadership)

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Agenda


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Conclusion:

GIF or A (EA/SOA),what matters actually is policy

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Comparison Countries

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Agenda

Introduction Content of GIFs

Context Technical Content The GIF Authoring Process Implementation and Compliance

Conclusion

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Agenda



Conclusion

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GIFs from seven countries:

1. Australia2. Brazil3. Denmark4. Germany5. Malaysia6. New Zealand7. United Kingdom

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European Union

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Agenda



Conclusion

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Australia

Brazil

Denmark

Germany

Malaysia

New Zealand

UK

ContextTechnicalContent

DevelopmentProcess

Implementation &Compliance

Comparative content organization of selected GIFs

EU N/A

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Agenda



Conclusion

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Australia

Brazil

Denmark

Germany

Malaysia

UK

Interoperability Scalability Reusability Openness

Standards selection principles for selected GIFs

MarketSupport

Security Privacy

EU

New Zealand N/A

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Australia

Brazil

Denmark

Malaysia

New Zealand

UK

G2G G2C G2B G2Orgs

Scope of selected GIFs

G2OG Other

Germany

EU N/A

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Agenda



Conclusion

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Technical Content: Two distinct approaches: one common thread

1. Clustering based on layers – Focus in only on the technical dimension: Followed by 6 out of 8

2. Clustering based on Services or Life Events – Focus is on all three dimensions: organizational,data/semantic, and technical

Followed by 2 out of 8

Life cycle of standards: Emerging, Current and Fading

The common thread: Open standards

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Australia

Brazil

Denmark

New Zealand

UK

InterconnectionData

IntegrationMetadata

Informationaccess &

Presentation

Approach 1: Interoperability layers for selected GIFs

Standards forBusiness

areasWebservices Security

Malaysia

EU

Germany

N/A

N/A

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Approach 2: Interoperability life events for selected GIFs

EU

GermanyAround 400 services were identified for the different federal administrations. An analysisof the services along the value chain made it possible to identify 8 service types. 73% of the services used today belong to the three following types:

• Capturing, processing and providing information; • Processing applications and requests sent to an administration office; and • Processing subsidy and assistance applications.

Income taxes, job search, social security contribution, personal documents, carregistration, permits, certificates, enrollment, announcement of relocation, healthrelatedservices.

Services included under the GIF

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Agenda



Conclusion

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The GIF Authoring Process:

The lead authorities assigned to develop GIFs in five of the seven countries are the offices in charge of public administration!

The bulk of the policy work goes to the designated secretariat and the working groups

The lead authorities are mainly responsible for approving and implementing the GIF document

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Agenda



Conclusion

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Australia

Brazil

Denmark

Malaysia

New Zealand

UK

Guidelines

Mandatory

Guidelines

Mandatory

Mandatory

Mandatory

Status

Validity for selected GIFs

Germany Guidelines

EU N/A

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Ensuring compliance with the GIF.Measures include: • Adopting GIF specifications as an agency policy;• Drafting a GIF compliance road map or a migration policy;• Selfregulating the system owner and departmental checking;• Providing a decisionsupport tool or service for public officials who will design IT projects; and• Recommending GIF conformity in the bidding process. (In Germany, preference in the bidding

process is given to those who are GIFcompliant.)

Only the UK and Germany include penalties for noncompliance. Penalties include:

● Possible withholding of project approval or funding;● Refused connection to government networks; and/or● Possible discrimination in procurement biddings for suppliers.

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Agenda



Conclusion

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Conclusion:

No two GIFs are the same. However, there are best practices emerging, such as Open standards. Governments in the process of developing GIFs may learn from others.

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Find the source publications at

http://www.apdip.net/projects/gif

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Thank you!

Rajiv Ranjan <[email protected]>

eGovernment Interoperability

Technology