Egg Tempera Paint (Investigatory Project)

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Egg yolk pigmented by Food Coloring as an Artists Paint or

Egg Tempera Paint

An Investigatory Project presented to Engr. Gina L. Ancajas of

Philippine State College of Aeronautics

A Fulfillment of the Requirement for an Investigatory Project

Of Chemistry I

Presented by:

Darlene P. Enderez

Luorine Cara P. Genita

Michelle Ynot

Shane Rhea Feranil

V-gen Araneta

2014

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

TITLE PAGE ------------------------------------- 1

ABSTRACT ------------------------------------- 5

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ------------------------------------- 6

A. Background of the study ------------------------------------- 6

B. Statement of the problem ------------------------------------- 8

C. Statement of Hypothesis ------------------------------------- 8

D. Significance of the study ------------------------------------- 9

E. Statement of Objectives ------------------------------------- 10

F. Scope and Limitation ------------------------------------- 11

G. Definition of Terms ------------------------------------- 12

CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE --------- 13

CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY ------------------------------------- 16

A. Research Design ------------------------------------- 16

B. Method of Research ------------------------------------- 16

C. Materials Used ------------------------------------- 17

D. Procedures ------------------------------------- 17

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Page

CHAPTER IV: PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS &

INTERPRETATION ------------------------------------- 18

A. Table I: Qualitative Data of Measurements --------------------- 18

B. Table II: Time Span of The Product ----------------------------- 19

C. Figure I: Vibrancy of The Product ----------------------------- 19

CHAPTER V: CONCLUSIONS AND GENERALIZATION ----- 20

CHAPTER VI: RECOMMENDATION ----------------------------- 21

BIBLIOGRAPHY -------------------------------------------- 22

CURRICULUM VITAE --------------------------------------------- 23

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ABSTRACT

This study aims to determine the ideal amount of quality effects of egg

tempera paint in humans, animals or environment. This study also introduces the

beauty of renaissance art in renaissance period. Most often used in egg in tempera

paint is only the egg yolk. The membrane of the yolk and the white is discarded.

The yolk is added to water and vinegar then followed by the coloring pigments.

After testing, the solution came up with an environmental-friendly paint which has

very vibrant and clear color (depends on the color you wanted or made). Hence,

the use of egg tempera paint is highly recommended by the researchers.

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CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A. Background of the Study

Today eggs are often used for recipe, for viand and for soap. But now

you may also discover that eggs are can be used as paint. In this project, most

often used in Egg Tempera are only the contents of the yolk. The white of the egg

and the membrane of the yolk are discarded. Egg Tempera is a painting process

that uses egg yolk to bind pigments. It is a water soluble and highly archival

medium, wonderful for fine art painting, restoration, and icon painting. It’s perfect

as an under alternative to oil paints and solvents. Egg Tempera shows the beauty

of pigments off to great advantage. Color is clear, bright and pure.

Oil paints have advantages on time, color depth and range, range of finishes

of effects, and consistency but all of these can also be its disadvantage. Oil paints

take longer to dry than other paints, such as watercolors. This provides more time

for artists to work with their creations and make changes while the slow drying

time of oil paints can be a disadvantage to some artists, especially those who

purposely work with a dry under painting or like to use a sequence of washes in

quick succession. Oil paints provide for a wide range of colors and a rich color

depth, as they can be layered and mixed more freely than other paints, such as

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watercolor or acrylics. Artists can subtly change the richness and tone of their

colors by adding minute amounts of other colors, for instance. This is partially true

because oil paints take longer to dry while on the other hand, because oil paints

can be painted over once dried---thus, essentially, correcting many mistakes---

some artists have trouble focusing on a clear vision, intention or expression,

according to the Notebook website. These artists may be better off using paints

that force decisions. Oil paints can be mixed to appear opaque, transparent or

anything in between, as well as have a matte or gloss finish or anything in between

while on other perspective, Oil paints blend easily with one another, which can

encourage certain artists to just keep blending until the colors and shapes become

muddy or unclear. Once muddied, it is difficult to "unmuddy" oil paint colors.

Linseed oil paints---the most popular variety---tend to darken or yellow with age.

While this can be combated with certain application techniques and quality

materials, these are not necessarily able to be used or accessible to every oil

painter.

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B. Statement of the Problem

Egg Tempera Paint may or may not be an efficient alternative for an Oil

Paint. These following questions aim to support the topic:

1. What product gives off the most vibrancy?

2. What is the purpose of vinegar in the Egg Tempera?

3. Is it safe on its users?

4. What colloid is formed?

C. Statement of Hypothesis

In accordance to the problems stated above, here are the researcher’s

hypotheses about the topic:

1. The product that gives off vibrancy is “Product 4”.

2. . Vinegar is used for preserving the egg yolk so that it won’t produce or

releases bad odor.

3. Yes, it is safe on its users because it is a mixture of egg, water and

vinegar which is very organic.

4. A colored egg emulsion is formed when the yolk is mixed with a tint of

color.

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D. Significance of the Study

The environmental impact of paint is diverse. Traditional painting materials

and processes can have harmful effects on the environment, including those from

the use of lead and other additives. Measures can be taken to reduce environmental

impact, including accurately estimating paint quantities so waste is minimized, and

use of environmentally preferred paints, coatings, painting accessories, and

techniques.

Egg Tempera paint is water-based, non-toxic paint. It is not harmful for

artist painter, kids, teenager, or even environment. If kids accidentally swallowed

the paint, it has no harmful side effects. Egg Tempera is composed of ingredients

that can be eaten such as egg yolk, water, vinegar and pigments (Food Color). For

the environment, Egg Tempera doesn’t produce or released any polluted, harmful

gas that can harm the humans and animals. This kind of paint has a good benefit to

artist, because artists can easily blend colors for backgrounds, create modeling and

to give a 3-dimensional shaded backgrounds. Egg Tempera is adorable, cheap in

price but easily to make and it shows beautiful color for painting process. And it is

environmentally friendly.

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E. Statement of Objectives

We don’t usually notice it or we just tend to ignore it knowing that our

planet is gradually deteriorating because of the harmful chemicals present on the

environment. Knowing that there are many artists worldwide that uses chemically

produced paints, we can directly conclude that chemicals present in the

atmosphere are at large masses. Chemicals present in paints contribute a lot to the

“deteriorating effect” on our planet.

The researcher’s main purpose in creating this study is to produce paint out

of egg yolk, water and vinegar. In order to create a natural mixture that can still

give the artists the satisfaction that the other paints can give them. It can still give

them the vibrancy and consistency they want for their works. Because it is natural,

it cannot harm our environment unlike other paints which can also harm our

environment.

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F. Scope and Limitation

Egg yolk is composed of 50% water, 30%lipids,15% proteins and

5% other components, including lecithin (an emulsifying agent). The yolk

contains a fatty substance called egg oil. Egg oil is non-drying oil. Yolk is

also contains albumen can be too drying and would embrittle a paint film

but in combination with egg oil it actually helps the egg oil to “cure” (and

in turn, the egg oil contributes flexibility to albumen). And

vinegar is a liquid substance consisting mainly of acetic acid and water, the

acetic acid being produced through the fermentation of ethanol by acetic

acid bacteria. The longer fermentation period allows for the accumulation

of a nontoxic slime composed of acetic acid bacteria. The fermentation in

the vinegar is used in preserving the paint.

This study focuses mainly on the Egg Tempera Paint mixture. The

materials used were just gathered around the researches household. It has

even materials needed. The investigation utilized 4 paints that were placed

in a small clear glass in different volumes of water added to test the

vibrancy of the product.

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G. Definition of Terms

Albumen – it is simply the white of the egg

Colloid - is a substance in which microscopically dispersed insoluble

particles are suspended throughout another substance.

Egg Yolk - is a part of an egg that feeds the developing embryo. The egg

yolk is suspended in the egg white by one or two spiral bands

of tissue called the chalazae.

Paint - a substance composed of solid coloring matter suspended in a liquid

medium and applied as a protective or decorative coating to

various surfaces, or to canvas or other materials in producing a

work of art.

Pigment - is used as color for paint.

Vinegar - is a liquid consisting mainly of acetic acid and water.

Water - a clear liquid, usually used for drinking and others.

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CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND

STUDIES RELATED LITERATURE

Egg Tempera is the most durable form of the medium, being generally

unaffected by humidity and temperature. It dries quickly to form though film that

acts as a protective skin to the support. In handling, in its diversity of transparent

and opaque effects, it resembles the modern acrylic resin emulsion paints. Egg

yolk Tempera hardens due to the evaporation of the water and the coalescing of

the egg yolk proteins into a solid film. Egg yolk is composed of 50% water,

30%lipids,15% proteins and 5% other components, including lecithin (an

emulsifying agent). The yolk contains a fatty substance called egg oil. Egg oil is

non-drying oil. Yolk is also contains albumen can be too drying and would

embrittle a paint film but in combination with egg oil it actually helps the egg oil

to “cure” (and in turn, the egg oil contributes flexibility to albumen). The albumen

(water soluble) and the egg oil (non-water soluble) are emulsified in water via

lecithin, also found the yolk.

Egg tempera is an ancient technique for producing richly colored, made

from scratch at the starts of each painting session, enabling students to explore a

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range of recipes and techniques to create painterly effects. Tempera painting has

been found on early Egyptians sarcophagi decorations.

A related technique has been used also in ancient and early medieval

paintings found in several caves and rock-cut temples of India. Egg Tempera

cannot be stored, so each color was mixed when it was needed. Mixing too little

paint was a disaster because mixing more paint that would match the first batch

perfectly was very difficult. Mixing too much paint was a waste of expensive

materials. Because egg tempera dries very quickly, artists had to paint small areas

at one time. Artists used brushes made from animal hair, applying colors one by

one, sometimes overlapping to create depth. Egg has a clean, matte finish and a

higher color key than the oil. The subtle color variations so characteristic of egg

tempera painting are unlike the deep saturated colors typical in oil paints. The

yellow of the egg has very little effect on a tempered color. Any initial discoloring

will actually bleach out to a clear tone in time as opposed to oil’s tendency to

yellow with time.

Egg tempera does not blend easily like oil because it dries so quickly. This

can be advantageous because tempera does not become “muddy” when lighter

colors are applied over darker ones. One can easily renew a color by working light

over dark. In fact, a tempera painting becomes richer when more layers are

applied, unlike oil’s tendency to grow darker with each layer. Graduated tones are

achieved by applying a progressively lighter, more opaque color to the base color,

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thereby gradually reducing the transparent nature of the paint while lighting the

color with the introduction of white.

Egg tempera is an ancient painting medium that predicates oil painting by

hundreds of years. It was used in the middle-ages for religious icon painting and

use today by a myriad of artists working in various types. Egg tempera requires

some preparation and knowledge of the materials needed and techniques

employed. Egg tempera is a method of painting which was largely popular in the

early Renaissance. Egg tempera, not to be confused with tempera or poster paints

you get at the store, consists of egg yolk, water, vinegar and pigment.

The egg yolk in egg tempera serves as the binder that holds the pigment

together. The addition of water turns the paint into a usable paste-like form. Egg

tempera cannot be stored for future use. The basic supplies needed to paint with

egg tempera consist of dry pigments of various colors, an egg for each new

painting session, distilled water, and a painting surface. Egg tempera is an oil-in-

water emulsion or water–in-oil emulsion, depending upon whether the amount of

oil exceeds by the amount of water in the emulsion.

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CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

A. Research Design

This study focuses mainly on the Egg Tempera Mixture as to the effect of

water to the vibrancy and consistency of the mixture.

B. Method of Research

Egg tempera is composed of pigment, water, vinegar and especially the egg

yolk. The researchers prepared it for making the project. The researchers gathered

information on how they can start the paint making project. The egg white is

discarded; the most often used is only the contents of the egg yolk. Then, add

some water and vinegar then mix the grinded pigment with it. The Egg Tempera is

already made. Careful, it is a quickly dry paint. If you wanted to paint, do not

make too many paint or Egg Tempera. It must be one-by-one because Egg

Tempera cannot stay longer.

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C. Materials Used

Egg Yolk

Water

Dry Towel

Mortar and Pestle

Vinegar

Pigments (for the color)

Bowl

D. Procedures

1. Gather the materials needed.

2. Grind the pigment using mortar and pestle.

3. Break the egg and discard the egg white.

4. Put the whole egg yolk in the towel and let it dry.

5. Peel the membrane of the egg yolk.

6. Place the egg yolk in the bowl.

7. Add some water and vinegar.

8. Mix the desired color of pigment.

9. Ready for testing and painting.

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CHAPTER IV

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

This shows the presentation, analysis, and interpretation of the data

gathered. In this part you will determine the time span of the researcher’s product.

And which among the 4 products gives off the most vibrancy.

A. Table I. Qualitative Data of Measurements

PRODUC

T

AMOUNT

OF

WATER

AMOUNT

OF

VINEGAR

AMOUNT

OF

PIGMENT

AMOUNT

OF EGG

YOLK

COLOR

OF

PIGMENT

1 2 ML 1 ML ¼ tsp 1 RED

2 3ML 1 ML ¼ tsp 1 RED

3 4ML 1 ML ¼ tsp 1 RED

4 5ML 1 ML ¼ tsp 1 RED

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B. Table II. Time Span of the Product in terms of Storing

PRODUCT TIME SPAN OF THE PRODUCT

1 4 HOURS

2 6 HOURS

3 8 HOURS

4 10 HOURS

C. Figure I. Vibrancy of The Product

Product 1 Product 2 Product 3 Product 40

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Vibrancy of the Product

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CHAPTER V

Conclusion and Generalization

Arriving at our results and outputs, the researchers came up that Egg

Tempera is effective as paint.

Here are the answers to the hypotheses above:

1. The product which gives off the most vibrancy is “Product 1” in

contradiction to our hypothesis. Product 4 has the advantage of time span

storing because it has the most water. It doesn’t dry quickly (evaporation).

2. The vinegar used in the mixture is indeed to prevent the bad odor from the

egg yolk and the long fermentation of the vinegar also helps in time span

storing the product.

3. Yes, it is very safe on its users because it is natural / organic.

4. The Egg Tempera Mixture itself is a colloid.

According to the data’s above, Product 1 is the most vibrant because it has

the less water and it has the shorter time span storing because it can evaporate

quickly due to less water added. Same goes with Products 2, 3, & 4. Water, as we

know is a base. According to our result, the vibrancy and the time span of the

mixture depends on the water added.

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CHAPTER VI

RECOMMENDATION

More than 10,000 people worldwide are artists. Let’s just say, all people are

artists. They use chemically produced paints in painting their houses, and etc. But

the question is, “Does it ever cross our minds that these paints can harm our

environment? Not just our environment but also us humans living in this planet?”

This has been a big issue in our society, specially, on the health of our young once.

Now, the time has come to slowly put an end to this outbreak.

The researchers would like to recommend their newest contribution to our

society to reduce this unseen impact in our world. They recommend this product

not only to students but also to everyone so that they could use this as an

alternative for chemically produced paints. Since this is easy to make and it is not

harmful to our health for it is made out of egg yolk, water and vinegar. It is proven

to be effective and quality base as well.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

Online Sources:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egg_(biology)

http://www.ehow.com/list_6910066_advantages-disadvantages-oil-paint.html

http://www.instructables.com/id/6-Unusual-Uses-for-Eggs/step4/Eggsactly-like-a-

First-Aid-Kit/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_paint

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colloid

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_paint

Books:

Buell, Phyllis and James Girard. Chemistry Fundamentals. An Environmental

Perspective, 2nd Edition. Sudbury, Massachusetts: Jones and Bartlett Publishers,

2003

Chiras, Daniel D. Environmental Science – Creating a Sustainable Future, 6th

Edition. Jones and Bartlett Publishers, 2001