Matter Engineering Efficiency of Aftertreatment Devices of the Transantiago Bus Retrofit Project Markus Kasper Matter Engineering, Co. Ltd A.R. Reinoso MTT, Santiago de Chile 9th ETH Conference on Combustion Generated Nanoparticles ETH Zurich, August 15-17, 2005
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Matter Engineering
Efficiency of Aftertreatment Devices of the Transantiago Bus Retrofit Project
Markus KasperMatter Engineering, Co. Ltd
A.R. ReinosoMTT, Santiago de Chile
9th ETH Conference on Combustion Generated Nanoparticles
ETH Zurich, August 15-17, 2005
Matter Engineering
Transantiago Filter Efficiency Measurement
• Dilution and Conditioning
• Particle Characterisation
• Application: DPF Characterisation
2
Matter Engineering
Coagulation: Number Decreases, Size Increases with Time
Combine Diluter+Heater to Remove Droplets from Aerosol Sample
exhaust withnano-droplets
sample with nano-droplets
only solid particles left
dilute evaporate
Matter Engineering
Transantiago Filter Efficiency Measurement
• Dilution and Conditioning
• Particle Characterisation
• Application: DPF Characterisation
11
Matter Engineering AG
DPF Testing Equipment - Set-Up
diluterevaporator PAS
DC
DMA
CPC
SMPS
Matter Engineering
Good Particle Trap ⇔ Appropriate Methods
10 100 1000
mobility diameter [nm]
Mass: -95%Number: -95%
100 100010
Mass: -95%Number: -55%
Matter Engineering
10 100 1000
103
105
107
mobility diameter Dp [nm]
part
icle
em
issi
on d
N/d
log
Dp [c
m-3
]
Resolution Limit Applied to DPF
10 100 1000
103
104
105
106
107
108
mobility diameter Dp [nm]
part
icle
em
issi
on d
N/d
log
Dp [c
m-3
]
EU3 emission
good DPF
bad DPF
PM resolution limit
~ Dp-3
Matter Engineering
Transantiago Filter Efficiency Measurement
• Dilution and Conditioning
• Particle Characterisation
• Application: DPF Characterisation
15
Matter Engineering
Matter Engineering
Filter Efficiency Measurement
before filter
after filter
– 99.95%
Matter Engineering
DPF Efficiency -
Snap Acceleration
=> 99.95%
0.0E+0
5.0E+2
1.0E+3
1.5E+3
2.0E+3
2.5E+3
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
concentr
ation d
W/d
logD
p [cm
-3]
soot (PAS)
surface (DC)before trap
0.0E+0
5.0E+0
1.0E+1
1.5E+1
2.0E+1
2.5E+1
3.0E+1
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
concentr
ation d
W/d
logD
p [cm
-3] soot (PAS)
surface (DC)downstream from trap
0.0001
0.001
0.01
0.1
1
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
penetr
ation
penetration = 1 - efficiency
3.7
E+
5
4.7
E+
5
ratio =
0.8
0.0E+0
5.0E+4
1.0E+5
1.5E+5
2.0E+5
2.5E+5
3.0E+5
3.5E+5
4.0E+5
4.5E+5
5.0E+5
NanoM
et (P
AS
& D
C)
§
1.9
E+
2
2.2
E+
2
ratio =
0.9
0.0E+0
5.0E+1
1.0E+2
1.5E+2
2.0E+2
2.5E+2
NanoM
et (P
AS
& D
C)
§
0.0
53%
0.0
46%
0.0001
0.001
0.01
0.1
1
NanoM
et (P
AS
& D
C)
PAS DC ratio
PAS DC ratio
PAS DC
Workbook1
18
Filtration Efficiency Transantiago
Aftertreatment Licence plate Filtration
Adastra DPF VERT TF 52 04 99.909 %
Airmeex DPF VERT RR 15 47 99.377%
Engelhard DPF VERT NR 43 62 98.249%
Engelhard DPF VERT TT 21 91 99.777%HJS DPF VERT TE 37 76 99.954%HJS DPF VERT TJ 92 89 98.588%
HJS DPF VERT VF 37 42 99.975%
Huss DPF VERT LD 85 23 99.998%
Huss DPF VERT SZ 58 75 99.994%
Sudchemie DOC ZU 25 82 4.402%
Bekaert * DPF UK 83 19 39.942%ETG * DPF UY 52 02 34.143%
Matter Engineering
Summary
• Controlled sampling is essential for particle measurement– separate solid particles from volatile nano-droplets
– freeze coagulation by early high dilution
• High-quality DPF require appropriate method– simple mass measurement leads to incomplete/wrong conclusions– size resolved number measurement provides valuable information
– fast measurement is possible at limited loss of information
• Good DPF reduce particles of any size by >99%– lower reduction rates should not be accepted by the user