Efficacy of entomopathogenic fungi against Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, in the field Alejandro Arevalo 1 , Jawwad Qureshi 1 , Drion Boucias 2 & Philip A. Stansly 1 University of Florida 1 SWFREC, Immokalee, FL 2 Entomology and Nematology Gainesville
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Efficacy of entomopathogenic fungi against Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, in the field
Alejandro Arevalo1, Jawwad Qureshi1, Drion Boucias2 & Philip A. Stansly1
University of Florida 1SWFREC, Immokalee, FL
2 Entomology and Nematology Gainesville
Natural enemies of D. citri
Entomopathogenic fungi and ACP
• Cladosporium oxysporum (Samways & Grech1986)
• Verticillium lecanii (Xie et al. 1988)• Cephalosporium lecanii (Xie et al. 1989)• Hirsutella citriformis (Subandiyah et al. 2000)
– In Florida (Meyer et al. 2007)
• Isaria fumosorosea-(Paecilomyces fumosoroseus) (Subandiyah et al. 2000)– In Florida (Meyer et al. 2007)
2008 Entomopathogenic fungi test
Treatment a.i ConcentrationLab experiment
DoseField experiment
Untreated Control - - -
Futureco NoFly WPFE 9901 Natural Industries, Inc.
Isariafumosorosea
1.5 x 107 spores/ml 3.89 Kg / ha
NZBPC2102Novozymes Biologicals
Metarhiziumanisopliae
1.6 x 107 spores/ml 2.11 L / ha
Delegate Spinetoram - 0.42 Kg / ha
2008 Laboratory Trial
0
10
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NoFly WP NZBPC 2102 Control
Mea
n %
Mor
talit
y
• 4 Replicates x 10 ACP
• Spray tower @ 10 psi
• 0.45 ml / Petri dish
• Mortality at 5 days
• Confirmed infection
Oil Compatibility • 3 Treatments x 4 Replicates
• 435 Oil @ 5%
• CitruFilm (Helena Chemicals) @ 5%
• Water
Fungus Treatment Spore Germination
Hyphalformation
Isariafumosorosea
435 Oil 12 h 48 h
CitruFilm - -
Water 4 h 24 h
Metarhiziumanisopliae
435 Oil 12 h 48 h
CitruFilm - -
Water 2 h 24 h
2008 Field trial – Methods
• RCBD with 4 replicates •14 Murraya paniculata (0.9 m high)•4 plant buffer • Applications on Oct 7, 2008
•@ sunset • Used a high clearance sprayer
•55.2 GPA •200 PSI
• Sample of solution was collected during the spray for viability
• Tap sample
•10 plants per plot
• Live and dead adults were collected for signs of mycosis
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90
100
0
5
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Pre sample 3 6 8 15 22 InsectxDays
Cum
ulat
ive
Inse
ct x
Day
s
Mea
n N
o. o
f ACP
per
tap
ControlI. fumosoroseaM. anisopliaeSpinetoram
a
a
a
b
2008 Field trial – affect on ACP
• Application on Oct 7, RH: 80%, Temp: 85 F,
• No measurable rain 3 DAT , 1.5 inches two previous days
F = 13.08P = 0.0012
2008 Field trial- fungal infection
Hirsutella citriformis
Field trial with PFR-97 20% WDG*
* Isaria fumosorosea 97 . ™ Certis, Wasco, CA
• RCBD 4 replicates, 11 m 2 plots
• Treated a combination of •M. paniculata and Volkameriana lemon