Engineering Structures 28 (2006) 1494–1502 www.elsevier.com/locate/engstruct Effects of plastic hinge properties in nonlinear analysis of reinforced concrete buildings Mehmet Inel ∗ , Hayri Baytan Ozmen Department of Civil Engineering, Pamukkale University, 20070 Denizli, Turkey Received 22 June 2005; received in revised form 20 January 2006; accepted 23 January 2006 Available online 30 March 2006 Abstract Due to its simplicity, the structural engineering profession has been using the nonlinear static procedure (NSP) or pushover analysis. Modeling for such analysis requires the determination of the nonlinear properties of each component in the structure, quantified by strength and deformation capacities, which depend on the modeling assumptions. Pushover analysis is carried out for either user-defined nonlinear hinge properties or default-hinge properties, available in some programs based on the FEMA-356 and ATC-40 guidelines. While such documents provide the hinge properties for several ranges of detailing, programs may implement averaged values. The user needs to be careful; the misuse of default-hinge properties may lead to unreasonable displacement capacities for existing structures. This paper studies the possible differences in the results of pushover analysis due to default and user-defined nonlinear component properties. Four- and seven-story buildings are considered to represent low- and medium- rise buildings for this study. Plastic hinge length and transverse reinforcement spacing are assumed to be effective parameters in the user-defined hinge properties. Observations show that plastic hinge length and transverse reinforcement spacing have no influence on the base shear capacity, while these parameters have considerable effects on the displacement capacity of the frames. Comparisons point out that an increase in the amount of transverse reinforcement improves the displacement capacity. Although the capacity curve for the default-hinge model is reasonable for modern code compliant buildings, it may not be suitable for others. Considering that most existing buildings in Turkey and in some other countries do not conform to requirements of modern code detailing, the use of default hinges needs special care. The observations clearly show that the user-defined hinge model is better than the default-hinge model in reflecting nonlinear behavior compatible with the element properties. However, if the default-hinge model is preferred due to simplicity, the user should be aware of what is provided in the program and should avoid the misuse of default-hinge properties. c 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Nonlinear hinge properties; Nonlinear static procedure; Plastic hinge length; Pushover analysis; Transverse steel amount; Nonlinear time history 1. Introduction Since inelastic behavior is intended in most structures subjected to infrequent earthquake loading, the use of nonlinear analyses is essential to capture behavior of structures under seismic effects. Due to its simplicity, the structural engineering profession has been using the nonlinear static procedure (NSP) or pushover analysis, described in FEMA-356 [1] and ATC-40 [2]. It is widely accepted that, when pushover analysis is used carefully, it provides useful information that cannot be obtained by linear static or dynamic analysis procedures. ∗ Corresponding author. Tel.: +90 258 213 4030x1547; fax: +90 258 212 5548. E-mail addresses: [email protected] (M. Inel), [email protected] (H.B. Ozmen). In the implementation of pushover analysis, modeling is one of the important steps. The model must consider nonlinear behavior of structure/elements. Such a model requires the determination of the nonlinear properties of each component in the structure that are quantified by strength and deformation capacities. Lumped plasticity idealization of a cantilever (Fig. 1) is a commonly used approach in models for deformation capacity estimates. The ultimate deformation capacity of a component depends on the ultimate curvature and plastic hinge length. The use of different criteria for the ultimate curvature and different plastic hinge length may result in different deformation capacities. Several plastic hinge lengths have been proposed in the literature [3–5]. In practical use, most often the default properties provided in the FEMA-356 [1] and ATC-40 [2] documents are preferred, 0141-0296/$ - see front matter c 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.engstruct.2006.01.017
Effects of plastic hinge properties in nonlinear analysis of reinforced concrete buildings
Jun 19, 2023
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