EFFECTS OF FAMILY PLANNING UNITS ON THE PEOPLE OF IJEBU-ODE, OGUN STATE, NIGERIA

EFFECTS OF FAMILY PLANNING UNITS ON THE PEOPLE OF IJEBU-ODE

BY

Adesoji David ADERIBIGBEB.Ed (Hons) Educational Management/Mathematics

[email protected], sojiaderibigbe.4t.com

TAI SOLARIN COLLEGE OF EDUCATION, OMU-IJEBU, P.M.B. 2128, IJEBU-ODE, OGUN STATE

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mailto:[email protected]

ABSTRACT

This study is geared towards examining the effect of family planning

units on the people of Ijebu-Ode area of Ogun State. And to also make

them aware of the existence of various family planning devices and the

acceptability of the units by the people.

The method of investigating for this study included the review of

existing literature in the area of investigation and the use of

questionnaire.

Ii also focuses on the concept of family planning the need for family

planning, method of family planning and the effects of family planning

units.

Finally, some recommendations were made to the government, private

clinics, parents and couples which can help a great deal in curbing and

solving the problem of family planning units.

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TABLE OF CONTENT

Chapter One Page

1.0 Introduction 1

1.1 Background to the Study 1

1.2 Statement of the Study 4

1.3 Purpose of the Study 4

1.4 Significant of the Study 5

1.5 Limitation and Scope of the Study 5

1.6 Definition of Terms 6

References

Chapter Two

2.0 Review of Literature 7

2.1 Concept of Family Planning 9

2.2 History of Family Planning 10

2.3 Method of Family Planning 11

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2.4 The need for Family Planning 17

2.5 Activities of Family Planning Units 19

2.6 Effect of Family Planning Units 20

References 24

Chapter Three

3.0 Research Design and Methodology 26

3.1 Population distribution of the study 26

3.2 Sampling Procedure 26

3.3 Research Instrument 26

3.4 Administration of Questionnaire 27

3.5 Data Analysis 27

Chapter Four

4.0 Result of the Findings

4.1 Presentation and Data Analysis 28

4.2 Discussion of the Findings 44

Chapter Five

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5.0 Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation 47

5.1 Summary 47

5.2 Conclusion 48

5.3 Recommendation 51

References 53

Appendix 55

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

When one looks at most families in Nigeria it is noticed that there are

more children in a family than can be catered for by the parent. In fact

an average Nigerian have more than one wife and each of theses wives

has more than four children except in case whereby the man is rich

enough to really take care of the children and educate them. The

Nigerian masses are known to be neither rich nor poor.

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Due to ignorance, the average Nigerian man thinks that marrying many

wives is dignifying even though, he may not have enough money to feed

them well. On the other hand, since most families cannot abstain from

sex, it is difficult to stop having children due to ignorance of family

planning.

Family planning came to limelight as a phenomenon of Ibos, when the

services of family planning was rendered by voluntary and private

sectors some methods of birth control is described independently in the

early 1930’s by Kanusin Ausrian and by Ogine in Japan (Werner, 1987).

This led the researchers into basic hormonal interrelationship which led

to attempts to alter the afore-mentioned pattern in order to control

fertility. In the early 1960’s birth-control pills were introduced. It was

during that period that Family Planning was initiated into Nigerian due to

the involvement of world Health organization (W.H.O.) and which was

sponsored by Professor J.O. Ojo, the Head of Department of

Gynecology and Obstetrics Department, University College Hospital

Ibadan.

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In some developed nations of the world like united state of America, the

population growth rate has arrested unwanted pregnancies as woman

and man have chosen to have fewer children by birth-control. In

addition, in most of the poor developing countries and under developed

nation, birth rate remains high and only a few couples limit the size of

their families. This is because children are seen as valued assets in

societies where social welfare measure are few and children are also

esteemed as they demonstrate the masculinity of man and are useful

extra hands in rural communities.

In Ijebu-Ode township, there are many Family Planning Units, namely

Public and Private Clinics, but the Public one’s are more Patronized.

The Family Planning Units are Health Office, Ijebu-Ode, Maternal and

Childs Health Unit (M.C.H.) Italapo, Ijebu-Ode Township.

The use of contraceptives which is unacceptable or dangerous has been

taken by many youth of Ijebu-Ode in order to prevent unwanted

Pregnancies of to terminate them. In order to promote Family Planning,

the Ogun State Government introduced many Family Planning Units in

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the State especially Ijebu-Ode township, the Family Planning Units were

mentioned above.

In addition, many spent internationally of Family Planning has doubted

since 1971. The use of more effective family planning methods has

increases sharply.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

Family Planning Units have became one veritable way by which many of

the problems associated with unwanted Pregnancies abortion, self

meditations etc. have been reduced.

However, given the literacy rate of Nigerian and especially because of

the strong attachment to certain traditional practices, doubts exist

whether these Family Planning Units are really having the desired

efforts on the supposed beneficiaries. Yet another problem which this

research addresses relate to the challenge before the Family Planning

itself.

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1.3 Purpose of the Study

The purpose of this work is to find out and have critical look on the effect

of family planning units on the people of Ijebu-Ode Township. It also

suggest the various ways of improving Family Planning Units in Ijebu-

Ode, also to find out the reasons for objecting to Family Planning Unit

and to investigate the progress and problems of Family Planning Units

in Ijebu-Ode.

1.4 Significance of the Study

This study will show clearly the effects of Family Planning Units on the

people of Ijebu-Ode. The importance of this study is to provide

information to government and educate the people on the need to

control birthrate, and will also assist husbands and wives to enjoy sex

without unwanted Pregnancies, to help to space their children well and

conveniently too; to limit the size of individual family to suit economic

state.

It also helps to reduce the possibility of health dangers through frequent

birth and benefits to teenagers to prevent unwanted pregnancies instead

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of preventing child births through abortion and also on their choice of

methods of contraceptives which will be effective for their age group.

To family planning and hospitals, the study can be helpful and even

contributes to the existing knowledge and sometime provide information

t the new researchers who may like to investigate on the topic later.

1.5 Limitation and Scope of the Study

The study is designed to explain the effect of Family Planning Units on

the people of Ijebu-Ode town. This study is limited to Ijebu-Ode

township only; the major and likely limitation in this study is that people

may not be generally honest in their response to questionnaires

because the issues may touch their sexual life and they may feel it

should be private and not discussed with third parties.

Finally, the study is based on information gathered through

questionnaire, personal interview and observation.

1.6 Definition of Terms

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Family Planning: is the rocess of controlling the munber of children you

have by using contraception of a means by which individuals or couples

space the process of conception, pregnancy child birth at intervals

mutually determined by both husband and wife in order to have desire

number of children that they can conveniently cater for.

Family Planning Units: A department especially in a hospital that

provides a particular type of care or treatment.

Contraceptives: These are drug devices of practice used to prevent a

woman becoming pregnant.

Pills: These are small flat round piece of medicine that you swallow

without chewing it.

Self Medication: The art of taking a drug or another form of medicine

that you take to prevent or treat an alliance without depending on other

people for help.

Birth Control: A deliberate limitation and spacing of number of children

to a family.

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Abortion: Expulsion of fertilized eggs from the womb before it

developed to capacity to survive independently.

Pregnancy: The period between conception and birth of the foetus.

Fertility: Capable of developing into new individual or able to become a

parent.

Conception: The process of an egg being fertilized inside a woman’s

body so that she be comes pregnancy.

References

Delano, G.E. (1990). A Guide to Family Planning (2nd Edition), Ijebu-

Ode; Kola Sanya Way to Success Press.

Derek, L.J. (1991). Every Woman (2nd Edition), London; Faber and

Faber.

Hornby, A.S. (1994). Oxford Advanced Learner Dictionary of Current

English (6th Edition), London; Oxford University Press.

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Selmon, A. (1995). The New Health and Longetivity (3rd Edition), London

Oxford University Press.

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 REVIEW OF RELEVANT LITERATURE

2.1 Concept of Family Planning

According to Hornby’s Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary of Current

English, family planning is being described as the use of birth control or

contractive for controlling the number of children spaced.

Delano (1990) defined family planning as a means by which individuals

or couples space the process of conception pregnancy and child birth at

interval mutually determined by both husband and wife I order to have

desired number of children that they can conveniently cater for.

Family planning also assist couples who have difficulty in having

children. Family planning can also be describes as birth limitation by

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choice either for the purpose of limiting family size of for spacing

pregnancies.

Family planning is frequently used to mean that people plan when to

have children using birth control and other techniques to implement

that plan. Other techniques commonly used include sexuality education,

prevention and management of sexually transmitted infections, pre-

conceptional counseling and management, and infertility management.

Family planning is sometimes used as a synonym for the use of birth

control, though it often includes more.

It is most usually applied to the circumstance people to achieve their

family goals in order to improve their living conditions, also helps

individuals and couples to choose it and when they will have a child.

2.2 History of Family Planning

The idea and practices of preventing pregnancy is as old as recorded

history. Pregnancy can be prevented by a number of ways. Some of

these methods employed were crude, uncomfortable and some times

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ridiculous. Sometimes it worked purely by chance but there is no way of

predicting their outcomes.

As early as 1850’s B.C. it was used by the gently women of ancient

Egypt and it had a complicated recipe. A word of crocodiles dung was

pushed up into the Vaulga before intercourse, to stop the mean’s semen

from penetrating and the inside of the vaulga with honey, gun and a

natural chemical salt called nation.

Likewise the improved version of an idea said to have been known in

ancient Rome.

Nobody knows where the name condom came from some thinks there is

a man called doctor condom or condom (some say he was a colonel not

a doctor) who supplied sheaths to Charles whose need for them is well

known. It had been established 155 years ago, when Vulcanization of

rubber was devised.

Child spacing is not a foreign concept to the average Nigerian and

traditional contraceptive techniques are know practiced.

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2.3 Method of Family Planning

According to Guttmacher (2006) Inflation adjusted public funding for

family planning. Finally surpassed the level reached… spent a total of

$1.85 billion on family planning client services in, according driven by

state initiated medical family planning expansions two thirds of the

national.

Guttmacher policy review also played a critical role in providing family

planning counseling, contraceptive service. Pregnancy currently nearly

7,700 family planning clinics serve about seven million service in the

country does so at a family planning clinic as does one in three woman.

Initiatives to expand eligibility for family planning services under their

medical programmes in medical dollars for subsidized family planning

services has begun to allow providers individuals in need of publicly

funded family planning who are most difficult to reach and receive that

care from a publicly funded family planning clinic in addition to providing

client wanted children. Publicly funded family planning clinics are,

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therefore, critical to primary Federal Programs Supporting family

planning services are medical and title.

According to Lactational Amenorrhoea (2006) method of family planning

provides high protection form pregnancy for the first six months after

delivery.

It has long been known that breast feeding can delay the return of

fertility, but until recently the conditions under which women could rely

on this phenomenon were unclear. In August 1988, an international

group of scientists gathered in Bellagio, Italy, to review the scientific

evidence related to the effect of breast feeding on fertility. In what came

to be known as the “Bellagio Consensus” they concluded that women

who were fully or nearly fully breast feeding and amenorrhoeic had a

less then 2% risk of pregnancy in the six months after delivery.

Subsequently, several groups have collected further data on risks of

pregnancy among breast feeding women in relation to time after delivery

nd feeding patterns 34567. Their results, including those from Ramos

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and COlleadues reported in BMJ (p909)7 as well as other relevant

research

According to New Guidance (2006) current scientific findings increase

choice for family planning clients while making contraceptive use even

safer and more effective. On this basis, service delivery practices can be

updated to improve quality and access.

Based on scientific evidence, two expert groups working collaboratively,

offer new guidance for family planning service delivery. One group

answers key biomedical questions about contraceptive practices. The

Technical Guidance/Competence Working Group is a part of maximizing

access and quality initiative, a joint effort of the US Agency for

international development, its co-operating agencies, and other experts.

The other guidance recommends medical eligibility criteria for who can

use each major contraceptive method and who should not. Both sets of

recommendations are endorsed by the World Health

Organization/Family Planning and Population Unit, which also organized

the lather group.

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In general, the new guidance, summarized in this issue, helps provides

give clients more choice among contraceptive methods, about when to

start methods and about obtaining and using them conveniently.

The recommendation imply ending some practices that burden clients

without benefiting them. Also, the new guidance assists provides helping

clients to use their chosen methods effectively and to deal with side

effects. It indicates what clinical practices are important to providing and

using various methods safely and effectively.

This new guidance is not intended as off-the-self program guidelines.

Rather, it should be applied to local needs, providing the sense and the

science behind practices that maximize service quality and access.

Withdrawal Method: it is the oldest and most common method of

contraception, it is generally known as “Withdrawal Method”.

The main withdraws the penis shortly before ejaculation. This requires

will power and self control as the man will often wants to keep his penis

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in the woman’s virginal as long as possible to obtain the greatest

amount of pleasure.

Abstinence: this is the avoidance of sexual intercourse and is the

commonest and most effective method of birth control provided it is

strictly and honestly practiced.

It is recognized as a method that had always been used since man was

created and became aware of the need to prevent pregnancy in order to

space or limit the number of children. This method has always been by

personal choice or enforced by culture and religion.

Lactation Taboo: this aids child survival though uninterrupted and

prolonged breast feeding. It is considered a taboo for a nursing mother

to resume sexual activities until the child is two years old or still breast

feeding.

It is believed that intercourse during breast feeding could result in

contamination of breast milk by sperm which could cause the death of

the infant. Although this is not true, it led to adequate spacing of births.

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Polygamy: Having more than one wife allows the nursing mother to

abstain from intercourse as she can be isolated from her husband, thus

permitting uninterrupted breast feeding.

It also prevent unwanted pregnancy. Polygamy enables the husband to

satisfy his sexual urge with another wife who is not nursing a baby.

Menstruation: it is not only considered unhygienic but it is also regarded

as taboo for sexual intercourse to take place during menstrual period. It

is believed that if the traditional taboo in violated, the woman will deliver

an albino. It is unfounded in fact it has helped in preventing unwanted

pregnancies.

Marginal Charm: A variety of charms worn by men and women consist

of ring made from silver, zinc or copper and wrist bands, pending and

armlet made from leopard skin (leopard is believed to have supernatural

powers of scaring away any unwanted pregnancy) or form the skin of

snake because of the believe that where a snake shed its skin, it is a

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taboo for the snake to return to the sport, hence, where a child is

unwanted, the child never visits that home.

2.4 The Need for Family Planning

Family planning promotes the health of the mother and the child. It is

important for the health, survival and development of the family.

The drain on the mother’s resources with adequate time for recuperation

impairs her health. The woman is known as the child bearer, she is

more likely to develop unique health and social problems connected with

uncontrolled birth of children. Since large families are usually connected

with low economic status, poor nutrition and low level of education,

family planning is therefore a useful measure in promoting the health of

mothers and their children. The effect of too many children on the health

of the father is very grave.

The father tends to over-work himself in order to provide the family

needs and thisresults in anxiety, tiredness, mental strain and

hypertension all of which combine to reduce the father’s chances of

survival or of living a normal happy life.22

Having many children is really a great burden that tends to drain the

financial resources which results in poverty, fop in standard of living and

economic hardship. Family planning therefore enable parents to save

and plan for their old age, investment in good education yields the best

interest one of the greatest and precious gift a parent can bestow on his

children is to enable the planned and wanted children to live in a

comfortable house and have necessary care and attention, good career

in life, self-reliance and indigent.

Lastly, the role of family planning in the development of any community

or nation cannot be over-emphasized. When the population increases

fast, the provision of social amenities like housing, good health services,

employment, improved technology etc. cannot meet the needs of the

people. The economic problems which now plague the developing

countries could bee partly minimized, a step had been taken in the past

to educate the masses about the consequences of rapidly growing

population.

2.5 Activities of Family Planning Units

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1. Increasing access to and provision of family planning and other

reproductive health preventive care services.

2. To increase awareness and create demand for the R.H. services

through social marketing and provision of contraceptives

commodities.

3. Maternal and new born care including post partum care through the

provision of increase use of quality emergency obstetric and new

born care services in some states in northern Nigeria.

4. Prevention and quality repair of obstetric fistulae and reintegration

services for women.

5. Improved commodities logistic management to develop and operate

reliable and sustainable support systems for contraceptive

commodity security.

6. FP. HIV/AIDS integration in uniformed services Health facilities.

2.6 Effect of Family Planning Units.

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Family Planning cause discomfort because of it’s common side effects.

The side effects include nausea, headaches, weight gain and break

through bleeding.

Many of the side effects are classified under the followings:

i. Skin patch

ii. Virginal ring

iii. IVD

iv. Natural family planning

v. Spermicidal

vi. Diaphragm and cervical cap

vii. Virginal sponge

viii. Combination birth control pills

ix. The mini-pills

Skin PatchThe patch provides weekly protection. It is applied each week for three

weeks followed by one week without a patch. Estrogen levels are higher

with the patch than with birth control pills.

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Effect: it causes higher estrogen levels may increase your risk of blood

clots.

Vaginal RingIt is inserted in the vaginal for three weeks. At the end of the third week,

the woman takes the rind out for one week the ring school not be

removed until the end of the three weeks.

Effect: it causes nausea, breast tenderness, virginal discharge and

virginity.

IVDThis IVD is a small plastic or copper placed inside the women uterus. It

release small amounts of progestin. IVDs may be left in place for 5-10

years, depending on the device used.

Effect: Its effect includes cramps, bleeding and perforation of the

uterus.

Natural Family Planning This methods includes observing certain body change in the woman.

For example, change in the cervical mucus and basic body temperature,

and recording on a calendar to determine when ovulation occurs. The

couple abstains from unprotected sex.

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Effect: it effect include irritations and allergic reactions, particularly to

latex.

Spermicides Spermicides are chemical jellies, foams, creams, or suppositories that

kill sperm. The spermicide non oxynol-a can help prevent pregnancy.

Effect: It increases the risk of HIV transmission, irritation and allergic

reactions.

Diaphragm and Cervical CapIt is placed into the vagina over the cervix, before intercourse, to prevent

sperm form reaching the uterus. It should be left in place for 6 to 8 hours

after intercourse.

Effect: Irritation and allergic reactions to the diaphragm or spermicide,

and urinary tract infection. A cervical cap may cause an abnormal pap

test.

Vaginal SpongeIt is inserted into the virginal and placed over the cervix. After

intercourse, the sponge is left in place for 6 to 8 hours.

Effect: Irritation and allergic reaction, trouble in removing the sponge.

In rare cases, toxic shock syndrome may occur.

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Combination Birth Control PillsCombination birth control pills also called oral contraceptive of just the

“Pills” . this method combines the hormones estrogen and projection to

prevent ovulation.

This method is highly effective if the woman did not remember to take

pills consistently each day. It decreases a woman’s risk for ovarian

cancer.

Effect: It causes a number of side effects, including dizziness, irregular

menstrual cycles, nausea, mood changes, and weigh gain. In rare

cases, they can lead to high blood pressure, blood clots, heart attack,

and stroke.

The Mini-PillThe mini-pill is a type of birth control pill that contains only progeting. It

is an alternative for women who are sensitive to estrogen or cannot take

estrogen for other reasons.

Effect: The effect is slightly less than that of the combination type. It

effect include irregular bleeding, weight gain, and breast tenderness.

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Finally it is expensive in the sense that the person involves in the family

planning goes for ovulation indicator test monthly and buying of pills at

day-to-day.

Sometimes the effect of this medication lasts longer than 90 days. If you

are planning to become pregnant in the near future, it might delay the

person for some years.

References

USAID/Nigeria Family Planning/ Reproductive Health (NFP/RH)

programs, Society for Family Health (SFH). Last updated on March

5, 2009.

Mishall, D.R. Family Planning: Contraception, Sterilization and

Pregnancy Termination. In Katz, V.L., Lentz, G.M., Lobo, R.A.,

Gershenson, D.M., (eds.) (2007). Comprehensive Gynecology (5th

Edition), Philadephia, Pa; Mosby Elsevier.

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CHAPTER THREE3.0 RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY

3.1 Population Distribution of the Study

The study covers some sample areas in Ijebu-Ode with specific

reference to contribution of family planning units, most especially areas

like Italapo, Obalende, Odo-Egbo and Bobasuwa all in Ijebu-Ode Area.

3.2 Sampling Procedure

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The sampling procedure for this study was randomly selected. It covers

some of the areas in Ijebu-Ode Area. The purpose of this sampling

procedure is to reflect the true nature of the entire population of Ijebu-

Ode area with regards of applying family planning units. This is to kwon

the opinion of the people within the area covered.

3.3 Research Instrument

Investigation was done through questionnaire which was designed by

the investigator to cover most of the areas to be investigated. Therefore,

questionnaire was the main research instrument for this study; copies of

questionnaire will be distributed to people of Ijebu-Ode area and

personnel’s for family planning.

Tow sections was used. Section A will contained the biodata of the

respondents while Section B was designed to collect data on the effect

of family planning unit.

3.4 Administration of Questionnaire

The questionnaire was administered on the eighty respondents selected

in Ijebu-Ode Area, responses from the people was treated as

confidential so as to get full and reliable information needed fro them.

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In addition, the completion of questionnaire was done on the spot to

ensure prompt return. The respondents were allowed adequately to

complete and returned the questionnaire.

3.5 Data Analysis

After the collection of the questionnaire, the data was analyzed using

simple percentage score

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 RESULT OF FINDINGS

This chapter focuses on the analysis of the result of the findings. This

was done question by question based on each Section.

4.1 Presentation and Analysis of Data

SECTION A.

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Table 1: Age

Option Frequency Percentage

15-19 5 7.14%

20-24 10 14.29%

25-29 8 11.42%

30-34 11 15.72%

35-39 9 12.85%

40-44 12 17.14%

45-49 15 21.42%

Total 70 100%

The table above shows that 7.14% of the respondents fall within the age

range 15-19 years, 14.29% falls within 20-24 years, 11.42% falls within

25-29 years, 15.72% falls within 30-34, 12.85% falls within 35-39,

17.14% falls within 40-44 while 21.42% falls within 45-49 years.

Table 2: Education


Primary 15 21.4%

Secondary 10 14.3%

Tertiary 45 64.3%

Total 70 100%

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The table above shows that 21.4% of the respondents have Primary

School Leaving Certificate, 14.3% have Secondary School Certificate,

while 64.3% have tertiary education.

Table 3: Occupation


Professional/Administrative

12 17.2%

Sales/Clerical 18 25.7%

Farmer 30 42.8%

Artisan 10 14.3%

Total 70 100%

The table above shows that 17.2% of the respondents are professional

or administrative staff, 25.7% were sales or clerical workers, 42.8%

were farmers while 14.3% were artisan.

Table 4:Ethnic Group

Ethnics Group Frequency Percentage

Hausa/Fulani 15 21.4%

Ibo 20 28.6%

Yoruba 35 50%

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Total 70 100%

The table above shows that 21.4% of the respondents are

Hausa/Fulani, 28.6% were Ibo while 50% were Yoruba.

Table 5: Religion

Religion Frequency Percentage

Islam 30 42.86%

Christianity 40 57.14%

Others 0 0%

Total 70 100%

The table above shows that 42.86% of the respondents are Islam while

57.14% were Christianity.

SECTION B

Table 6:Have you ever heard about family planning?

Alternatives Frequency Percentage

Yes 70 100%

No 0 0%

Total 70 100%

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The above table shows that every person offered the questionnaire

forms have heard of family planning in their society. 100% of the

respondents responded that they have had of family planning and there

is no person who have not heard of it among the respondents.

Table 7: If yes, from what source have you heard it from?

Options Frequency Percentage

Media 19 27.14%

Friend of Relative 21 30%

Clinic 30 42.86%

Total 70 100%

The table above shows that 27.14% of the respondents heard family

planning through media, 30% through friends or relative while 42.86%

heard it from clinic.

Table 8: Does your religion accept family planning?


Yes 30 42.86%

No 40 57.14%

Total 70 100%

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the table above shows that 42.86% of the respondents said their religion

do accept family planning while 57.14% does not.

Table 9: Which family planning devices have you heard about?


Condom 20 28.57%

Injectable 10 14.29%

Pills 15 21.43%

Diaphragm 10 14.29%

VID 10 14.29%

AU types 5 7.14%

Total 70 100%

The table above shows that majority have heard about condom which

shows 28.57%, 14.29% have heard about injectables, 21.43% have

heard about Pills, 14.29% have heard about diaphragm, 14.29% have

heard about VID, while 7.14% heard about AU types.

Table 10: Are you on any family planning device?


Yes 40 57.14%

No 30 42.86%37

Total 70 100%

The table above shows that 57.14% of the respondents were on family

planning device while 42.86% were not on any family planning device.

Table 11: Which family planning method are you using?


Condom 26 37.14%

Pills 14 20%

Injection 12 17.14%

VID 8 11.43%

Diaphragm 10 14.29%

Total 70 100%

In the table above, 37.14% of the respondents uses condom, 20% take

pills, 17.14% take injectable, 11.43% uses VID, while 14.29% uses

diaphragm.

Table 12: how effective is the method adopted


Highly effective 40 71.43%

Slightly effective 15 21.43%

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Not effective 5 7.14%

Total 70 100%

The table above shows that 71.43% believes that family planning

method used is highly effective 21.43% says is slightly effective, 7.14%

believed that most family planning devices used is not effective. It

reveals that most people believe family planning devices is highly

effective.

Table 13: Is there any side effect(s) in the method used


Yes 29 41.43%

No 41 58.57%

Total 70 100%

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The table above shows that 41.43% of the respondents have no side

effect in method used, while 58.57% have some side effects in the

method used. It reveals that many people do not have any side effect.

Table 14: Do you attend symposia organized by family planning units in your area.


Yes 15 28.57%

No 55 71.43%

Total 70 100%

The table above shows that 28.57% of the respondents attend symposia

organized by family planning units, while 71.43% do not attend

symposia organized by family planning units.

Table 15: Are family planning units in your area effective and efficient in their service delivery?


Yes 45 64.29%

No 25 35.71%

Total 70 100%

40

The bale above shows that 64.29% of the respondents said that family

planning units in their area are effective and efficient in their services

delivery, while 35.71% responded that they were not.

Table 16: family planning can help a couple to become responsible parents?


Yes 60 85.11%

No 10 14.29%

Total 70 100%

The table above shows that 85.71% of the respondents said that family

planning can helps couple to become responsible parents while 14.29%

disagreed with the statement.

Table 17: Children will have better opportunities for education if their parent practice family planning?


Yes 60 85.11%

No 10 14.29%

41

Total 70 100%

The table above shows that 85.71% of the respondents believed that

children will have better opportunities for education if their parent

practices family planning, while 14.29% disagreed with the statement.

Table 18: Family planning helps mother to regain strength before her next baby


Yes 70 100%

No 0 0%

Total 70 100%

The above table shows that 100% of the respondents responded that

family planning helps mother to regain strength before her next baby

and there is no person who against the statement among the

respondents.

Table 19: Woman who uses family Planning looks younger?


Yes 45 64.29%

No 25 35.71%

42

Total 70 100%

The bale above shows that 64.29% of the respondents said that woman

who uses family planning looks younger while 35.71% responded that

they were not looking younger.

Table 20: Child spacing helps protect the health of children


Yes 50 71.43%

No 20 28.57%

Total 70 100%

The bale above shows that 71.43% of the respondents said that child

spacing helps protect the health of children, while 28.57% said that it

does not helps protect the health of children.

Table 21: Family planning helps to reduced infant mortality


43

Yes 60 85.11%

No 10 14.29%

Total 70 100%

The table above shows that 85.71% of the respondents believed that

family planning helps to reduced infant mortality, while 14.29%


Table 22: Family planning helps to reduce maternal mortality


Yes 65 92.86%

No 5 7.14%

Total 70 100%

In battle 22 above, 92.86% of the respondents said that family planning

helps to reduced maternal mortality, while 7.14% disagreed with the

statement.

Table 23: Spouses who care for each other will practice family planning


44

Yes 45 64.29%

No 25 35.71%

Total 70 100%

The table above shows that 64.29% of the respondents said that

spouses who care for each other will practice family planning, while

35.71% respondent disagreed with the statement.

Table 24: Couples that practice family planning have happy family


Yes 70 100%

No 0 0%

Total 70 100%

The above table shows that 100% of the respondents responded that

couples that practice family planning have happy family and there is no

person who against the statement among the respondents.

Table 25: Having a large family strains couple’s relationship


45

Yes 55 78.57%

No 15 21.43%

Total 70 100%

The above table shows that 78.57% of the respondents responded that

having a large family strains couple’s relationship while 21.43%


Table 26: Family planning leads to broken home


Yes 2 2.86%

No 68 97.14%

Total 70 100%

The above table shows that 2.86%of the respondents responded that

family planning leads to broken home, while 97.14% responded that

family planning does not leads to broken home.

Table 27: Wives who practice family planning will be abandoned by their husband


46

Yes 42 60%

No 28 40%

Total 70 100%

In table 27 above, 60% of the respondents said that wives practice

family planning will be abandoned by their husband, while 40%


Table 28: Couples that practice family planning will have conflict in their marriage


Yes 2 2.86%

No 68 97.14%

Total 70 100%

The above table shows that 2.86%of the respondents responded that

couples that practice family planning will have conflict in their marriage,

while 97.14% responded that couples that practice family planning will

not have conflict in their marriage.

Table 29: Practicing family planning will create better society


Yes 55 78.57%

47

No 15 21.43%

Total 70 100%

The above table shows that 78.57% of the respondents responded that

practicing family planning will create better society, while 21.43%


Table 30: Men should share the responsibility for family planning


Yes 45 64.29%

No 25 35.71%

Total 70 100%

The table above shows that 64.29% of the respondents agreed that men

should share the responsibility for family planning, while 35.71%

respondent disagreed with the statement.

Discussion of Findings

48

It is evidence fro the study that educational level had positive impact on

the effect of family planning.

The findings established that man and woman are quiet aware of the

existence of family planning programmes in the country. This shows that

family planning has been in existence for a very long time.

The data further shows that religion can affect family planning due to the

belief of most people, this could be seen in both holy books (the Bible

and Quran) which says that God commend man to bring forth children

and hereby makes religion fanatic to frown at family planning

programmes in the society because it was believed to be devilish.

Looking critically at Table 10, 57.14% of the people are family planning,

this is because of the economic depression in the society which made

many people to be forced to have a small family size that they will be

able to cater for and also protect the mother and children from having

health problems.

49

The effectiveness of family planning methods used is also known which

shows 71.43% of the respondents who believed that family planning

methods are highly effective also side effects of these methods used is

also seen on users, most people prefer the use of condom to often

methods because it is affordable and it prevents unwanted pregnancy

and venereal diseases.

Furthermore, symposia are not attended by most people because

symposia are not always conducted by health officers also health units

on family planning is inadequate in Ijebu-Ode.

The study also reveals that most people listen to lectures on family

planning through media or friends who have little knowledge of it rather

than going to family planning units.

It also shows that effective family planning will create a better society

and reduced child and maternal mortality rate in our society. Men should

also share responsibility with their wives to ensure effective family

planning.

50

In addition, the federal and state government does not seem to be

serious about the establishment of promotion of family planning unit in

Nigeria. It is high time the government takes over and finances them

adequately.

Lastly, the number of woman that have access to family planning units

in their localities are very few and it was observed that drugs used to

prevent pregnancies are used by many of our women to terminate

pregnancies.

51

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0 SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1 Summary

The research was designed to know the effect of family planning units

on the people of Ijebu-Ode area, also to make them aware of the

existence of various family planning devices an the acceptability of the

units by the people.

The method of investigation for this study included the review of existing

literature in the area of investigation and the sue of questionnaire.

Among the areas touched are the concept of family planning, the need

for family planning, activities and effect of family planning, the need for

family planning, the need for family planning and the activities and effect

of family planning unit in the society.

In addition, the researcher selected some samples out of the population

and used questionnaire as the main research instrument.

52

The discussion and analysis of the findings called for these suggestions

to remediate the identified problems.

These includes the provision of adequate and standard family planning

facilities and equipment in Ijebu-Ode to protect the people from

unwanted pregnancies, adequate and regular support of proper

monitoring by experts as to their uses, the training or more professionals

to manage the ever increasing demands of family planning and

continues education for the people to accept the programmes as being

a worthwhile venture.

5.2 Conclusion

The future of a country and of human kind depends on its children, for

children to grow into healthy and able adults, they need good food,

education, clean environment, clear water and medical care. They need

mothers who are healthy and families that can give them care, love and

attention.

Family planning has made a grate progress in protection the health of

mothers and children and millions of women have received better care 53

through family planning and organized materials and child health

services. These advances have helped to reduce infant and maternity

mortality and morbidity.

Family planning improves the health of woman by enabling them to

have children when they are best prepared to have them. Having a large

number of children increases the mothers risk of illness or death.

The family planning units enables couples to exercise the basic human

right to control their fertility and it is an essential component of any

broad based on development strategy that seeks to improve the quality

of life for both individuals and communities.

It has been discovered by the researcher after visit to some family

planning units and after subsequent investigation that:

i. Most people are aware of the existence of family planning units in

Ijebu-Ode are through the television, friends or relatives and the

family planning units

54

ii. Religion fanatics do not believe in family planning programmes.

They also discourage other from using it because they believe it is

against God’s commandment in both holy books (Bible and

Quran).

iii. Majority of the people have confidence in the family planning

methods being used because of its effectiveness in users.

iv. The number and existence of family planning units are not enough

in Ijebu-Ode area.

v. The location of most of the units are not all that accessible to uses

and most of them are not functional.

vi. There were low turnout of people who goes for medical check-up

and they prefer self-medication because of economic constraints

on the people.

55

5.3 Recommendation

In view of the established advantages of family planning units and

programmes to people of Ijebu-Ode area, the following

recommendations are hereby suggested.

i. Family planning units should be opened throughout the week and

weekends till evenings for people to have access to health care

planning.

ii. The non-governmental sector should be fully used to stimulate

and complement government effort in promoting family planning

policy programme.

iii. Seminars and workshops should be organized regularly to keep

the people abreast of latest development.

iv. Adequate supplies of contraceptives must be assured for all the

people because of the rapidly expanding needs in the Nigeria

society.

56

v. Illiterates who are worse affected in theis aspects of study must

be educated in the language they could understand using the

local officials as intermediaries.

vi. The people especially women, should be educated in the use of

contraceptives which should carry directions about their uses.

57

REFERENCES

Delano, G.E. (1990). A Guide to Family Planning (2nd Edition), Ijebu-

Ode; Kola Sanya Way to Success Press.

Derek, L.J. (1991). Every Woman (2nd Edition), London; Faber and

Faber.

Hornby, A.S. (1994). Oxford Advanced Learner Dictionary of Current

English (6th Edition), London; Oxford University Press.

Mishall, D.R. Family Planning: Contraception, Sterilization and

Pregnancy Termination. In Katz, V.L., Lentz, G.M., Lobo, R.A.,

Gershenson, D.M., (eds.) (2007). Comprehensive Gynecology (5th

Edition), Philadephia, Pa; Mosby Elsevier.

Selmon, A. (1995). The New Health and Longetivity (3rd Edition), London

Oxford University Press.

58

USAID/Nigeria Family Planning/ Reproductive Health (NFP/RH)

programs, Society for Family Health (SFH). Last updated on March

5, 2009.

59

APPENDIX

TAI SOLARIN COLLEGE OF EDUCATION, OMU-IJEBU

P.M.B. 2128, IJEBU-ODE

EFFECT OF FAMILY PLANNING UNITS ON THE PEOPLE OF

IJEBU-ODE

Dear respondents,

I am a student of Tai Solarin College of Education, Omu-Ijebu, Ogun State. I

am conduction a research to investigate the effect of family planning units on

the people of Ijebu-Ode area of Ogun State. Your co-operation is highly

needed.

You are expected to mark or tick (√) the boxes provided below as considered

appropriately fit.

Thank you.

60

SECTION A

Please indicate your answers to the following question by marking in the

appropriate boxes provided.

Age: 15-19 ( ), 20-24 ( ), 25-29 ( ), 30-34 ( ), 35-39 ( ), 40-44 ( )

45-50( )

Education: None ( ) Primary ( ) Secondary ( ) Tertiary ( )

Occupation: Professional/Administrative ( ) Sales/Clerical ( )

Farmer ( ) Artisan ( )

Ethnics Group: Hausa/Fulani ( ) Ibo ( ) Yoruba ( )

Religion: Islam ( ) Christianity ( ) Others ( )

SECTION B

SN Statements Yes No

1. Have you ever heard about family planning?

61

2 If yes, from what source have you heard it from?

3 Does your religion accept family planning?

4 Which family planning devices have you heard about?

5 Are you on any family planning device?

6 Which family planning method are you using?

7 How effective is the method adopted

8 Is there any side effect(s) in the method used

9 Do you attend symposia organized by family planning

units in your area?

10 Are family planning units in your area effective and

efficient in their service delivery?

11 Family planning can help a couple to become

responsible parents?

62

12 Children will have better opportunities for education if

their parent practice family planning?

13 Family planning helps mother to regain strength before

her next baby

14 Woman who uses family planning looks younger?

15 Child spacing helps protect the health of children

16 Family planning helps to reduced infant mortality

17 Family planning helps to reduce maternal mortality

18 Spouses who care for each other will practice family

planning

19 Couples that practice family planning have happy family

20 Having a large family strains couple’s relationship

21 Family planning leads to broken home

63

22 Wives who practice family planning will be abandoned by their husband

23 Couples that practice family planning will have conflict in their marriage

24 Practicing family planning will create better society

25 Men should share the responsibility for family planning

64

EFFECTS OF FAMILY PLANNING UNITS ON THE PEOPLE OF IJEBU-ODE, OGUN STATE, NIGERIA

Documents

method of family planning

ignorance of family

services of family planning

problem family planning

family planning units

ijebuode township

people of ijebu

youth of ijebu