Effects of Exercise on the Body Sysytems

8/2/2019 Effects of Exercise on the Body Sysytems

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During strenuous exercise there is a threefoldincrease in oxygen diffusion from the alveoli tothe blood.


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During strenuous exercise there is a threefoldincrease in oxygen diffusion from the alveoli tothe blood.


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Training will make the heart more efficient.This is because the heart is a muscle and as wetrain the muscle it becomes stronger.

Because the heart muscle is stronger the heartdoes not have to work hard and therefore theresting heart rate lowers.

Top endurance athletes have a resting heartrate of 35 bpm


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Through training the heart increases in size.

The left ventricle develops a thick muscularwall.

Because of this the heart contractions are morepowerful and pump more blood per beat.
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Through training the heart recovers back to itsresting heart rate quickly.

During exercise the heart rate can go up to 150

beats during sub maximal work. After 5 minutes rest after the cool down a fit

persons heart will be at or around pre exerciserates.
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A strong heart will .enable the body to rid itselfof C02 and lactic acid.

Oxygen is required to enable this process

This process helps the recovery process


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Some idea of fitness can be gained from the resting pulse rate ( RPR ) because withtraining, our heart gets bigger and stronger, and it can supply the same amount of bloodwith fewer beats.

However, the RPR does not tell the whole story because it is just as important to knowhow long the pulse rate takes to get back to normal

This is known as our RECOVERY RATE and the quicker this happens the fitter we are.


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LONG TERM BENEFITS OF EXERCISE

1. It reduces the risk of coronary heart disease.

2. You can work harder for longer

Exercise improves the Cardiovascular system and helps to reduce blood pressure.

As we saw earlier, it helps to reduce stress and burns off excess calories.


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If we are keen to get fit, this will probably motivate us not to smoke. Smoking is thebiggest cause of CHD. So this is a longer-term effect of exercise.

Over a period of time we can see that the heart of a fit person will beat far fewer times.

This makes it much more efficient and causes less stress to be put on the heart. This isalso a long-term effect of exercise.


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With training the heart muscle increases in size, thickness and strength, the chambersincrease in volume and so the whole heart gets bigger.

Therefore we can work harder for longer. This is yet another long-term effect of exercise.


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Regular exercise causes the following changes to the heart.

1. The heart gets larger

2. The muscular wall become thicker andstronger

3. Stroke volume at rest increases, leading to alower resting heart rate.

4. Increased VO2 max

5. Recover form exercise quicker

Long term effects of training on the circulatory system


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Stronger heart muscle

Increased stroke volume

Increased cardiacoutput

Lower resting heart rate

Increased capilliarisation


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More efficient gaseous exchange Increased vital capacity

Increased tidal volume Better oxygen debt tolerance


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The heart rate slowsdown to its normalresting rate.

The fitter you are thefaster this happens.


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Lactic acid will havebeen produced in themuscles and you willneed to get rid of it.

Oxygen removes lacticacid from the body.

This is called repayingthe oxygen debt.

The body normallybreathes deeper andfaster to do this.

The process is faster ifyou do a cool down


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This depends on : How strenuous the exercise

was Your fitness. The fitter you

are the faster you recover.

Allow 24-48 hours betweentraining sessions for recoveryin the early stages oftraining.

If you train every day, followa heavy session one day witha light session the next.

Even during heavy training,take one rest day a week.


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Regular effects bone width/density increasesas stress on bone produces more osteoblasts.

Strengthens muscles, tendons and ligaments

surrounding joints. Increased flexibility (ROM)

Muscles strengthen and hypertrophy.

Fast/slow twitch muscle fibres increasedepending on type of training.

Muscle endurance increases.


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Regular training effects increased amount of blood pumpedaround body.

Better CV endurance. Body able to carry and use more oxygen perminute (greater VO2 max).

Quicker recovery after exercise.

Long term benefits Healthier heart/ blood vessels Reduced risk of heart disease Increased CV endurance Reduced blood pressure Lower RHR and quicker recovery after exercise. Hypertrophy of heart muscle Increased number of capillaries Volume of blood increases


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Regular training effects increased strength of intercostalmuscles and diaphragm allows deeper and fasterbreaths.

greater number of alveoli equals increased amount of

oxygen delivered and carbon dioxide removed fromthe body.

Long term effects

Healthier lungs, increased tidal volume


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The circulatory system is the bodys

How does the Circulatory SystemContribute to Performance in Sport?

Delivery service for oxygen, glucose & water. Waste disposal unit for carbon dioxide. Temperature control system together with the skin.

As a result, the circulatory system allows us toeffectively live, move and undertake everyday

tasks and perform in a wide variety of physicalactivities.


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Supply the working muscles, especiallyin the legs and arms, with greatersupplies of both oxygen and glucose sothey can continue to contract and createmovement.

Athletics The Marathon

A full marathon run is 26.2 miles. In order to allow the body to completesuch a demanding task the circulatory system must:

Remove lacticacid and carbondioxidefrom the body so the athlete can

continue to run well and without pain.

Reduce bodytemperature while runningvia the blood and sweating, so running

speed can be maintained.


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The respiratory system is the means by which

How does the Respiratory Systemcontribute to Performance in Sport?

Carbondioxide is removed.

As a result, it is the respiratory systemwhich enables

Blood to become rich in oxygenand

The blood to supply the body with oxygen and to remove thecarbondioxide from every cell.

The Respiratory System is vital toPerformance in Sport.

Oxygen is brought into the body.


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The aim of volleyball is to make the balltouch inside the court area of the opposing

team, while keeping it from touching yours.

Volleyball

Players need to be constantly on the move inorder to achieve this, and so the respiratorysystem needs to

Increase the removal of carbondioxideand heat from the muscles, again so theycan work harder.

Increase the supply of oxygen to themuscles which are now working harder, sothey can continue to contract and createmovement.

To achieve this, respiration rates and diffusion of gases

in the lungs increases in line with exercising.


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The circulatory system is the bodys

How does the Circulatory SystemContribute to Performance in Sport?

Delivery service for oxygen, glucose & water. Waste disposal unit for carbon dioxide. Temperature control system together with the skin.

As a result, the circulatory system allows us toeffectively live, move and undertake everyday

tasks and perform in a wide variety of physicalactivities.


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Supply the working muscles, especiallyin the legs and arms, with greatersupplies of both oxygen and glucose sothey can continue to contract and createmovement.

Athletics The Marathon

A full marathon run is 26.2 miles. In order to allow the body to completesuch a demanding task the circulatory system must:

Remove lacticacid and carbondioxidefrom the body so the athlete cancontinue to run well and without pain.

Reduce bodytemperature while runningvia the blood and sweating, so running

speed can be maintained.


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The respiratory system is the means by which

How does the Respiratory Systemcontribute to Performance in Sport?

Carbondioxide is removed.

As a result, it is the respiratory systemwhich enables

Blood to become rich in oxygenand

The blood to supply the body with oxygen and to remove thecarbondioxide from every cell.

The Respiratory System is vital toPerformance in Sport.

Oxygen is brought into the body.


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The aim of volleyball is to make the balltouch inside the court area of the opposing

team, while keeping it from touching yours.

Volleyball

Players need to be constantly on the move inorder to achieve this, and so the respiratorysystem needs to

Increase the removal of carbondioxideand heat from the muscles, again so theycan work harder.

Increase the supply of oxygen to themuscles which are now working harder, sothey can continue to contract and createmovement.

To achieve this, respiration rates and diffusion of gases

in the lungs increases in line with exercising.


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Effects of Exercise on Blood Pressure. Regularexercise helps keep arteries elastic, even inolder people, which in turn ensures blood flow

and normal blood pressure.


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Myoglobin & Mitochondria

Myoglobin is a protein and has oxygen boundto it, thus providing an extra reserve of oxygen

so that the muscle can maintain a high level ofactivity for a longer period of time.

Mitochondria are known as the powerhousesof the cell. They act like a digestive system thattakes in nutrients, breaks them down, andcreates energy for the cell.

Effects of Exercise on the Body Sysytems

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