7 * Malaysian Palm Oil Board, P.O. Box 10620, 50720 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. EFFECTS OF ADDITIVES ON PALM-BASED POLYURETHANE FOAMS TUAN NOOR MAZNEE, T I*; NORIN, Z K S*; OOI, T L*; SALMIAH, A* and GAN, L H* ABSTRACT A preliminary study was made on the effects of some additives on the properties of palm-based polyurethane foam, such as density, hardness and curing time. The additives - Ethacure 100, Ethacure 300, Amisol CDE and KD-1, N-methyl-2,2-iminodiethanol (MDEA) and phthalic anhydride - were incorporated into the polyurethane foam by mixing with blended polyols (40 g palm-based polyol with 60 g petro-based polyol) and MDI (4,4-diphenylmethane diisocyanates), and 2.3 g water used as the blowing agent. Incorporating 5 ppH Ethacure 100 and 10 ppH Amisol (either CDE or KD-1) substantially increased the density of the foams from 264 kg m -3 to 398.28 kg m -3 and the hardness from 34.5 to 55 shore D, while the demoulding time was decreased from 20 min to less than 5 min. Keywords: polyurethane foams, polyols, additives. INTRODUCTION About 90% of the polyols used for the production of polyurethane (PU) foam worldwide are based on polyethers derived from ethylene or propylene oxides. However, there is increasing interest to use renewable raw materials, like vegetable oils/fats, instead due to the depletion of petroleum (Siwayanan et al., 1999). Since the 1960s, sugar and its derivatives have been used to produce polyols, especially for rigid PU foam. A refrigerated container panel made from castor oil PU foam was comparable in cost and properties to the conventional material (Reed, 1997). Dahlke et al. (1997) and Heidbreder et al. (1999) also found the properties of vegetable oil PU systems to be comparable to those of standard polyether systems. Their polyols were made by ring-opening addition of ethylene glycol to epoxidize soya, rapeseed, castor or sunflower oils. The polyols showed good compatibility with aromatic isocyanates. In Malaysia, the Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB) first produced polyol from epoxidized palm oil in the late eighties (Hassan et al., 1993), and today a pilot plant capable of producing 500 kg batches of palm polyols has been commissioned. The polyols are suitable for rigid, semi-rigid and flexible PUs for various uses. Additives are important in conferring different properties to PU. In this paper, the effects of some of these - Ethacure 100, Ethacure 300, Amisol CDE and KD-1, N-methyl-2,2- iminodiethanol and phthalic anhydride - on the density, hardness and curing of palm-based PU foam are investigated. EXPERIMENTAL Materials A palm-based polyol was produced by a MPOB/ InterMed patented process (patent Singapore No: 9610425-2, patent application/Malaysia: PI 9502302 and patent application/Indonesia: P 962884), Journal of Oil Palm Research Vol. 13 No. 2, December 2001, p. 7-15
EFFECTS OF ADDITIVES ON PALM-BASED POLYURETHANE FOAMS
Jun 20, 2023
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