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EFFECTIVE RESPONSES TO VICTIMS OF VIOLENT CRIME AND INTERVIEW TECHNIQUES (For Law Enforcement) Amy Walker, Deputy Director Tonya Mangus, Investigator Office of the Attorney General
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EFFECTIVE RESPONSES TO VICTIMS OF VIOLENT CRIME AND INTERVIEW TECHNIQUES (For Law Enforcement) Amy Walker, Deputy Director Tonya Mangus, Investigator Office.

Dec 13, 2015

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Page 1: EFFECTIVE RESPONSES TO VICTIMS OF VIOLENT CRIME AND INTERVIEW TECHNIQUES (For Law Enforcement) Amy Walker, Deputy Director Tonya Mangus, Investigator Office.

EFFECTIVE RESPONSESTO VICTIMS

OF VIOLENT CRIMEAND

INTERVIEW TECHNIQUES(For Law Enforcement)

Amy Walker, Deputy DirectorTonya Mangus, InvestigatorOffice of the Attorney General

Page 2: EFFECTIVE RESPONSES TO VICTIMS OF VIOLENT CRIME AND INTERVIEW TECHNIQUES (For Law Enforcement) Amy Walker, Deputy Director Tonya Mangus, Investigator Office.

DID YOU KNOW…People are 10 times more likely to complain than to compliment.

“Almost everyone remembers negative things more strongly and in more detail.”

“Negative emotions generally involve more thinking, and the information is processed more thoroughly than positive ones.”

Clifford Nass, Professor of Communication Stanford University

“Bad impressions and bad stereotypes are quicker to form and more resistant to disconfirmation than good ones.”

Roy F. Baumeister, a professor of social psychology at Florida State University

Page 3: EFFECTIVE RESPONSES TO VICTIMS OF VIOLENT CRIME AND INTERVIEW TECHNIQUES (For Law Enforcement) Amy Walker, Deputy Director Tonya Mangus, Investigator Office.

Humans Beingsand

Perceptions

Page 6: EFFECTIVE RESPONSES TO VICTIMS OF VIOLENT CRIME AND INTERVIEW TECHNIQUES (For Law Enforcement) Amy Walker, Deputy Director Tonya Mangus, Investigator Office.

WE’RE ALL HUMAN!

Page 7: EFFECTIVE RESPONSES TO VICTIMS OF VIOLENT CRIME AND INTERVIEW TECHNIQUES (For Law Enforcement) Amy Walker, Deputy Director Tonya Mangus, Investigator Office.

APPROACH

IS

EVERYTHING!!!

Page 8: EFFECTIVE RESPONSES TO VICTIMS OF VIOLENT CRIME AND INTERVIEW TECHNIQUES (For Law Enforcement) Amy Walker, Deputy Director Tonya Mangus, Investigator Office.

VICTIM COMPLAINTS

▲Devalued

▲ Misunderstood

▲ Uninformed

Page 9: EFFECTIVE RESPONSES TO VICTIMS OF VIOLENT CRIME AND INTERVIEW TECHNIQUES (For Law Enforcement) Amy Walker, Deputy Director Tonya Mangus, Investigator Office.

FIRST RESPONDERSVictims report that the treatment they received in the immediate aftermath of a crime greatly influenced:

■ Perceptions■ Future Interactions■ Their ability to move on ■ Willingness to work

with authorities in the future

Page 10: EFFECTIVE RESPONSES TO VICTIMS OF VIOLENT CRIME AND INTERVIEW TECHNIQUES (For Law Enforcement) Amy Walker, Deputy Director Tonya Mangus, Investigator Office.

Benefits to Law Enforcement

• Increase Clearance Rates

• Decrease in Crime

• Improved Efficiency

• Heightened Job Satisfaction

International Assoc. of Chiefs of Police, Training Manual, Vol. 4

Page 11: EFFECTIVE RESPONSES TO VICTIMS OF VIOLENT CRIME AND INTERVIEW TECHNIQUES (For Law Enforcement) Amy Walker, Deputy Director Tonya Mangus, Investigator Office.

BASIC VICTIM NEEDS• Safety

• Support

• Information

• Access

• Continuity

• Voice

• Justice

Page 12: EFFECTIVE RESPONSES TO VICTIMS OF VIOLENT CRIME AND INTERVIEW TECHNIQUES (For Law Enforcement) Amy Walker, Deputy Director Tonya Mangus, Investigator Office.

How to give it to them…

• Have access to additional support– Crime Victims’ Bill of Rights– Emergency Services– Facilitate contact with a victim service

provider– List of Referrals– Written Information on victimization– Make sure you’ve answered questions

Page 13: EFFECTIVE RESPONSES TO VICTIMS OF VIOLENT CRIME AND INTERVIEW TECHNIQUES (For Law Enforcement) Amy Walker, Deputy Director Tonya Mangus, Investigator Office.

FIRST RESPONDERS

• Shock

• Disorientation

• Fight or Flight

• Helpless

• Vulnerable/Frightened

• Raw Panic

• Unresponsiveness

• Paralysis

• Refusal to seek Medical Attention

• Cool, Calm, Collected

Page 14: EFFECTIVE RESPONSES TO VICTIMS OF VIOLENT CRIME AND INTERVIEW TECHNIQUES (For Law Enforcement) Amy Walker, Deputy Director Tonya Mangus, Investigator Office.

CRIME VICTIMIZATION - The “Layer” Effect

• Burglary• Armed Robbery

• Assault & Battery• Rape

Harold Russell & Allan Beigel, Police Psychologists

Page 15: EFFECTIVE RESPONSES TO VICTIMS OF VIOLENT CRIME AND INTERVIEW TECHNIQUES (For Law Enforcement) Amy Walker, Deputy Director Tonya Mangus, Investigator Office.

Enhancing the Victim Response

• Leadership

• Partnering

• Training

• Performance monitoringInternational Assoc. of Chiefs of Police, Training Manual, Vol. 4

Page 16: EFFECTIVE RESPONSES TO VICTIMS OF VIOLENT CRIME AND INTERVIEW TECHNIQUES (For Law Enforcement) Amy Walker, Deputy Director Tonya Mangus, Investigator Office.

HOW TO GET THERE…• Gentle prodding and guiding

• Hold your questions or comments until the end

First responders will get a more complete picture if they let victims tell their story in their own way.

First Responders can and should:

♦ Reassure

♦ Normalize

♦ Validate

Page 17: EFFECTIVE RESPONSES TO VICTIMS OF VIOLENT CRIME AND INTERVIEW TECHNIQUES (For Law Enforcement) Amy Walker, Deputy Director Tonya Mangus, Investigator Office.

CULTURAL COMPETENCY

• Shared beliefs

• Values

• Customs

• Behaviors

• Attitudes

Passed down from generation to generation

Page 18: EFFECTIVE RESPONSES TO VICTIMS OF VIOLENT CRIME AND INTERVIEW TECHNIQUES (For Law Enforcement) Amy Walker, Deputy Director Tonya Mangus, Investigator Office.

CULTURAL DIVERSITY

• Know your community – Can you connect?

• Cultural competency – community resources

• Special communication needs

• Close cultural gaps in service

• Stereotyping

• Profiling

• Avoid cultural unfamiliarity

Page 19: EFFECTIVE RESPONSES TO VICTIMS OF VIOLENT CRIME AND INTERVIEW TECHNIQUES (For Law Enforcement) Amy Walker, Deputy Director Tonya Mangus, Investigator Office.

APPEARANCE IS IMPORTANT!

Page 20: EFFECTIVE RESPONSES TO VICTIMS OF VIOLENT CRIME AND INTERVIEW TECHNIQUES (For Law Enforcement) Amy Walker, Deputy Director Tonya Mangus, Investigator Office.

Interviews

• Let victims have some input on where the interview will take place

• Address victims’ immediate needs

• Make good eye contact**

• Limit interruptions from outside

• Personal observations are important

• Don’t promise anything you can’t deliver

Page 21: EFFECTIVE RESPONSES TO VICTIMS OF VIOLENT CRIME AND INTERVIEW TECHNIQUES (For Law Enforcement) Amy Walker, Deputy Director Tonya Mangus, Investigator Office.

ACTIVE LISTENING…• Careful listening without passing judgment

or evaluating• Listening to the message’s context,

content and the way it is being expressed• Attempting to relate to their

situation/experiences• Set your paper and pen aside and just

listen. The more concerned you appear, the more apt victims will be to share vital information.

Page 22: EFFECTIVE RESPONSES TO VICTIMS OF VIOLENT CRIME AND INTERVIEW TECHNIQUES (For Law Enforcement) Amy Walker, Deputy Director Tonya Mangus, Investigator Office.

Paraphrasing• Focus on key words, phrases and

concepts

• Repeat what was said using your own words without changing the meaning

Purpose: To make sure you heard and understood what the victim said happened and how they felt at the time of the incident and are currently feeling.

Page 23: EFFECTIVE RESPONSES TO VICTIMS OF VIOLENT CRIME AND INTERVIEW TECHNIQUES (For Law Enforcement) Amy Walker, Deputy Director Tonya Mangus, Investigator Office.

REFLECTIVE LISTENING

• Reflecting feelings back to the victim

• Make a mental note of key points• Listen for what is not being said• Make sure you don’t get your feelings/reactions mixed up with the victim

Page 24: EFFECTIVE RESPONSES TO VICTIMS OF VIOLENT CRIME AND INTERVIEW TECHNIQUES (For Law Enforcement) Amy Walker, Deputy Director Tonya Mangus, Investigator Office.

AFFIRMATION

• Statements that recognize and validate a victim’s strengths

Purpose: Build the victim’s confidence in their ability to regain control of their lives.

Page 25: EFFECTIVE RESPONSES TO VICTIMS OF VIOLENT CRIME AND INTERVIEW TECHNIQUES (For Law Enforcement) Amy Walker, Deputy Director Tonya Mangus, Investigator Office.

DON’T GET “TECHNICAL”

Page 26: EFFECTIVE RESPONSES TO VICTIMS OF VIOLENT CRIME AND INTERVIEW TECHNIQUES (For Law Enforcement) Amy Walker, Deputy Director Tonya Mangus, Investigator Office.

DOMESTIC VIOLENCE

Page 27: EFFECTIVE RESPONSES TO VICTIMS OF VIOLENT CRIME AND INTERVIEW TECHNIQUES (For Law Enforcement) Amy Walker, Deputy Director Tonya Mangus, Investigator Office.

The family is perhaps more violent than any other American institution or setting.

It is the ONLY crime category in which –

• Perpetrator voluntarily remains on the scene

• Expects no negative consequences

• Perceives your intervention as a violation of rights

Family

DOMESTIC VIOLENCE IS UNIQUE:

Page 28: EFFECTIVE RESPONSES TO VICTIMS OF VIOLENT CRIME AND INTERVIEW TECHNIQUES (For Law Enforcement) Amy Walker, Deputy Director Tonya Mangus, Investigator Office.

The Frustration…

Leaving is a PROCESS not an EVENT!

Leave your biases and frustrations at home!

Do not get complacent!

Page 29: EFFECTIVE RESPONSES TO VICTIMS OF VIOLENT CRIME AND INTERVIEW TECHNIQUES (For Law Enforcement) Amy Walker, Deputy Director Tonya Mangus, Investigator Office.

♦ Do you feel SAFE in your relationship? Should I be concerned for your SAFETY?

-S-

-A-♦ Are there situations in your relationship where you have felt AFRAID? Have your partner ever threatened or ABUSED you or your children? What happens when you and your partner disagree or ARGUE?

-F-♦ Are your FRIENDS aware that you have been hurt? Do your FAMILY members know about the abuse? Would FAMILY or FRIENDS be able to help or support you?

-E-♦ Do you have a safe place to go in an EMERGENCY? If you needed to leave now, do you have an ESCAPE plan? Would you like to talk with a victim advocate to develop an EMERGENCY (aka Safety) plan?

Page 30: EFFECTIVE RESPONSES TO VICTIMS OF VIOLENT CRIME AND INTERVIEW TECHNIQUES (For Law Enforcement) Amy Walker, Deputy Director Tonya Mangus, Investigator Office.

Sexual Assault Victim’s Role is much more important than in other cases: ● Sole Witness● Reluctant to Testify● Charmed by the offender● Often volunteer to go with them● Vulnerable● Compliant● High degree of skepticism ● Victim blaming in sexual assaults is unparalleled● Sexual Assault victims who leave out a portion of the event are often judged more harshly than other victims

One wrong move and – you are done!!

Page 31: EFFECTIVE RESPONSES TO VICTIMS OF VIOLENT CRIME AND INTERVIEW TECHNIQUES (For Law Enforcement) Amy Walker, Deputy Director Tonya Mangus, Investigator Office.
Page 32: EFFECTIVE RESPONSES TO VICTIMS OF VIOLENT CRIME AND INTERVIEW TECHNIQUES (For Law Enforcement) Amy Walker, Deputy Director Tonya Mangus, Investigator Office.

DUI VICTIMSChoose Your Words Carefully…

“Accident” – death or injury by an impaired driver is not an accident, but a conscious chose to drink/drugs and to drive a vehicle. Use the word “crash” instead.

“Died” – fails to acknowledge that the death could have been prevented. Use the word “killed”, as it suggests that life was taken rather than simply lost.

Page 33: EFFECTIVE RESPONSES TO VICTIMS OF VIOLENT CRIME AND INTERVIEW TECHNIQUES (For Law Enforcement) Amy Walker, Deputy Director Tonya Mangus, Investigator Office.

BAD NEWS

Page 34: EFFECTIVE RESPONSES TO VICTIMS OF VIOLENT CRIME AND INTERVIEW TECHNIQUES (For Law Enforcement) Amy Walker, Deputy Director Tonya Mangus, Investigator Office.

HOMICIDE VICTIMS…• Death Notifications –

– You may be needed to assist anyone with medical complications after being given the news

– On scene, you may be questioned by friends and family members – What is your policy?

– Who is designated to deliver death notifications?

– Does your department offer training specific to this topic?

Page 35: EFFECTIVE RESPONSES TO VICTIMS OF VIOLENT CRIME AND INTERVIEW TECHNIQUES (For Law Enforcement) Amy Walker, Deputy Director Tonya Mangus, Investigator Office.

WHAT HAPPENS WHEN

THE UNTHINKABLE

HAPPENS

TO ONE OF YOU?

Page 36: EFFECTIVE RESPONSES TO VICTIMS OF VIOLENT CRIME AND INTERVIEW TECHNIQUES (For Law Enforcement) Amy Walker, Deputy Director Tonya Mangus, Investigator Office.

CHILDREN

Page 37: EFFECTIVE RESPONSES TO VICTIMS OF VIOLENT CRIME AND INTERVIEW TECHNIQUES (For Law Enforcement) Amy Walker, Deputy Director Tonya Mangus, Investigator Office.

MINIMAL FACTS INTERVIEW

WHAT HAPPENED?

Children tend to regress emotionally during times of stress, acting younger than their age.

Page 38: EFFECTIVE RESPONSES TO VICTIMS OF VIOLENT CRIME AND INTERVIEW TECHNIQUES (For Law Enforcement) Amy Walker, Deputy Director Tonya Mangus, Investigator Office.

▲ Minimize the number of times a child must recount what

happened

▲ Use age appropriate language (avoid baby talk)

▲ Be consistent with the terms you use

▲ Use reflective language

▲ Let the child know they are not “in trouble” WITH YOU!!

Page 39: EFFECTIVE RESPONSES TO VICTIMS OF VIOLENT CRIME AND INTERVIEW TECHNIQUES (For Law Enforcement) Amy Walker, Deputy Director Tonya Mangus, Investigator Office.

ELDERLY VICTIMS…• Pre-existing medical conditions• Be alert to any hearing difficulties, but

don’t assume impairments• Keep instructions short and simple• Ask open ended questions• Elderly victims’ recollections may surface

more slowly.• Focus on restoring confidence and

maintaining dignity.

Page 40: EFFECTIVE RESPONSES TO VICTIMS OF VIOLENT CRIME AND INTERVIEW TECHNIQUES (For Law Enforcement) Amy Walker, Deputy Director Tonya Mangus, Investigator Office.

Victims with Disabilities…

• Ask how best to communicate with them

• Avoid expressing pity phrases

• Speak directly to the victim, even when they are accompanied by a “helper”

• Document the disability in your report

• Never assume that people with disabilities somehow suffer less emotional trauma

Page 41: EFFECTIVE RESPONSES TO VICTIMS OF VIOLENT CRIME AND INTERVIEW TECHNIQUES (For Law Enforcement) Amy Walker, Deputy Director Tonya Mangus, Investigator Office.

VICTIMS WHO ARE BLIND/VISUALLY IMPAIRED

• Make sure you introduce not only yourself but everyone with you

• Avoid lapses in conversation without explanation

• When assisting victims who are blind, offer your arm instead of holding their arm.

Page 42: EFFECTIVE RESPONSES TO VICTIMS OF VIOLENT CRIME AND INTERVIEW TECHNIQUES (For Law Enforcement) Amy Walker, Deputy Director Tonya Mangus, Investigator Office.

VICTIMS WHO ARE DEAF OR HARD OR HEARING

• Signal your presence to victims by waiving your hand.

• Never use a child to communicate with adults.

Page 43: EFFECTIVE RESPONSES TO VICTIMS OF VIOLENT CRIME AND INTERVIEW TECHNIQUES (For Law Enforcement) Amy Walker, Deputy Director Tonya Mangus, Investigator Office.

WHAT YOU MIGHT SAY…

• We’re going to move to a safe area

• I’m going to take (or have a medic take) a look at your injuries

• Then I’m going to ask you a couple of questions. Is that alright?

Page 44: EFFECTIVE RESPONSES TO VICTIMS OF VIOLENT CRIME AND INTERVIEW TECHNIQUES (For Law Enforcement) Amy Walker, Deputy Director Tonya Mangus, Investigator Office.

WHAT YOU MIGHT DO…

▲Diversionary Reality Question

▲ Therapeutic Hand-Clasp

▲Physical and Mental Paralysis (dissociation)

▲Containment

▲Augmented Behavioral Mirroring

Page 45: EFFECTIVE RESPONSES TO VICTIMS OF VIOLENT CRIME AND INTERVIEW TECHNIQUES (For Law Enforcement) Amy Walker, Deputy Director Tonya Mangus, Investigator Office.

ENCOUNTERING

THE

UNUSAL

Page 46: EFFECTIVE RESPONSES TO VICTIMS OF VIOLENT CRIME AND INTERVIEW TECHNIQUES (For Law Enforcement) Amy Walker, Deputy Director Tonya Mangus, Investigator Office.

WHY I QUIT POLICE WORK

Page 47: EFFECTIVE RESPONSES TO VICTIMS OF VIOLENT CRIME AND INTERVIEW TECHNIQUES (For Law Enforcement) Amy Walker, Deputy Director Tonya Mangus, Investigator Office.

DO NOT JUDGE THE SUCCESS OF

YOUR

INTERVENTION BY THE VICTIM’S

REACTION

Page 48: EFFECTIVE RESPONSES TO VICTIMS OF VIOLENT CRIME AND INTERVIEW TECHNIQUES (For Law Enforcement) Amy Walker, Deputy Director Tonya Mangus, Investigator Office.

The worst thing you can do is… underestimate the impact you have on traumatized crime victims.

Page 49: EFFECTIVE RESPONSES TO VICTIMS OF VIOLENT CRIME AND INTERVIEW TECHNIQUES (For Law Enforcement) Amy Walker, Deputy Director Tonya Mangus, Investigator Office.

Questions??

BUREAU OF VICTIM ASSISTANCE

Office of the Attorney General

1-800-829-6766

601-359-6766

601-576-4445 (Fax)

www.ago.state.ms.us