Effective Presentation Techniques Donald Heer 11/4/09 Originally from Michael J. Quinn Version 1.5.

Effective Presentation Effective Presentation TechniquesTechniques

Donald HeerDonald Heer

11/4/0911/4/09Originally from Michael J. QuinnOriginally from Michael J. Quinn

Vers

ion 1

.5

OutlineOutline

Structuring presentation

Designing slides

Pausing techniques

Answering questions

Structuring presentation

Designing slides

Pausing techniques

Answering questions

Structuring Structuring PresentationPresentation PlanningPlanning DeliveryDelivery Sign postsSign posts

PlanningPlanning

Talk: A Talk: A B B Consider audienceConsider audience Set goalSet goal Create slidesCreate slides

DeliveryDelivery

Prepare audiencePrepare audience Move audienceMove audience Reflect on journeyReflect on journey Rehearse!Rehearse!

Sign PostsSign Posts

Orient listenerOrient listener– Current topicCurrent topic– ProgressProgress

Two stylesTwo styles– IntermittentIntermittent– Ever-presentEver-present

Backing UpBacking Up

Outline

• First topic• Second topic• Third topic

First Topic

• First point• Second point• Third point

Backing UpBacking Up

Outline

• First topic• Second topic• Third topic

First Topic

• First point• Second point• Third point

Backing UpBacking Up

Outline

• First topic• Second topic• Third topic

First Topic

• First point• Second point• Third point

Second Topic

• First point• Second point• Third point

Backing UpBacking Up

Outline

• First topic• Second topic• Third topic

First Topic

• First point• Second point• Third point

Second Topic

• First point• Second point• Third point

Backing UpBacking Up

Outline

• First topic• Second topic• Third topic

First Topic

• First point• Second point• Third point

Second Topic

• First point• Second point• Third point

Third Topic

• First point• Second point• Third point

Duplicate Outline SlideDuplicate Outline Slide

Outline

• First topic• Second topic• Third topic

First Topic

• First point• Second point• Third point

Outline

• First topic• Second topic• Third topic

Second Topic

• First point• Second point• Third point

Outline

• First topic• Second topic• Third topic

Third Topic

• First point• Second point• Third point

Structuring presentation

Designing slides

Pausing techniques

Answering questions

Designing Good SlidesDesigning Good Slides

ContentContent UnveilingUnveiling ColorColor Subliminal messagesSubliminal messages

ContentContent

PurposePurpose– Complement speakerComplement speaker– Talk ≠ technical reportTalk ≠ technical report

DensityDensity– 7 lines/page7 lines/page– 4 words/line4 words/line

Speaker Reads Speaker Reads SlidesSlides

A speaker may put his entire presentation A speaker may put his entire presentation on his slides. He turns his back to the on his slides. He turns his back to the audience and reads the slides aloud. audience and reads the slides aloud. Perhaps he feels this approach guarantees Perhaps he feels this approach guarantees all the information will get to the audience.all the information will get to the audience.

This may be the most annoying way to give This may be the most annoying way to give a presentation. Audience members feel a presentation. Audience members feel insulted: they already know how to read! insulted: they already know how to read! They wonder why the lecturer doesn’t They wonder why the lecturer doesn’t simply hand out a copy of the slides.simply hand out a copy of the slides.

The visual presentation dominates the The visual presentation dominates the presenter. The presenter is not adding any presenter. The presenter is not adding any value to what is on the slides.value to what is on the slides.

Speaker Interprets Speaker Interprets SlidesSlides Slides dominateSlides dominate

– Provide all Provide all contentcontent

– Hold audience’s Hold audience’s attentionattention

Speaker supportsSpeaker supports– Faces slidesFaces slides– Helps audience Helps audience

understandunderstand

Complicated Complicated DerivationDerivation

),()1,(

),(),(1

),()1,(

)1,(),(

1

1),(

)()(),(

1

1),(

),()()(

)()(),(

),()()(

))()((),(

),()()1()()(

))()((),(

),()()(

))()((),(

),(/)()(

)()(),(

0

0

0

0

0

0

pnCTnT

pnTpn

pnnT

nTpnT

pn

nnpnT

pn

pnTnn

nnpn

pnTnn

nnppn

pnpnpnn

nnppn

pnpnnp

nnppn

pnpnn

nnpn

Good Illustration >Good Illustration >Complicated Complicated DerivationDerivation

Number of processors

Mem

ory

need

ed p

er p

roce

ssor

Memory Size

Scales poorly

Scales well

Dense, Static Dense, Static SlidesSlides

Keep Making ProgressKeep Making Progress

Central Administration

College of Arts

College of Sciences

College of Engineering Athletics

StudentServices

College of Business

Keep Making ProgressKeep Making Progress

Central Administration

College of Arts

College of Sciences

College of Engineering Athletics

StudentServices

College of Business

Keep Making ProgressKeep Making Progress

Central Administration

College of Arts

College of Sciences

College of Engineering Athletics

StudentServices

College of Business

Slides Enhance Slides Enhance SpeakerSpeaker Speaker dominatesSpeaker dominates

– Faces audienceFaces audience– Provides contentProvides content

Slides support speakerSlides support speaker– Reinforce messageReinforce message– Orient listenersOrient listeners

Mixing Important/ Mixing Important/ Unimportant Unimportant WordsWords

The isoefficiency and the The isoefficiency and the scalability metrics of a parallel scalability metrics of a parallel algorithm are crucialalgorithm are crucial

The typical parallel computers of The typical parallel computers of the future will have thousands of the future will have thousands of CPUs and terabytes of RAM CPUs and terabytes of RAM

Important Words OnlyImportant Words Only

Crucial metricsCrucial metrics– IsoefficiencyIsoefficiency– Scalability functionScalability function

Future systemsFuture systems– Thousands of CPUsThousands of CPUs– Terabytes of RAMTerabytes of RAM

Unbalanced ListsUnbalanced Lists

SpeedupSpeedup– Sequential timeSequential time– Parallel timeParallel time

Parallel computationsParallel computations Parallel overheadParallel overhead

EfficiencyEfficiency

Balanced ListsBalanced Lists

SpeedupSpeedup– Expresses time reductionExpresses time reduction– Sequential time, parallel time, Sequential time, parallel time,

overheadoverhead EfficiencyEfficiency

– Expresses processor utilizationExpresses processor utilization– Speedup, number of processorsSpeedup, number of processors

““Fly In” FailsFly In” Fails

Could you read this?Could you read this? How about this one?How about this one? Maybe the third time is the charm!Maybe the third time is the charm!

““Wipe from Left” Wipe from Left” WorksWorks Less distractingLess distracting Reduces eye movementReduces eye movement Increases readabilityIncreases readability

Typical Eye MovementTypical Eye Movement

Upper leftUpper left Upper rightUpper right Lower leftLower left Lower right Lower right

Image reproduced from www.animationalley.com

Wall of WhiteWall of White

Increases glareIncreases glare Causes eyestrainCauses eyestrain Distracts from speakerDistracts from speaker

Red/Blue ConflictRed/Blue Conflict

Red letters on blue backgroundcreates “flicker effect”

Blue letters on red backgroundjust as bad

Low ContrastLow Contrast

White on yellow Yellow on white

Black on blue Blue on black

Misleading Misleading EmphasisEmphasis

1

3

5

2

6

4

Subliminal Subliminal Message: DeclineMessage: Decline

Subliminal Message: Subliminal Message: ImprovementImprovement

Structuring presentation

Designing slides

Pausing techniques

Answering questions

PausesPauses

UsefulUseful PowerfulPowerful DifficultDifficult

Silence UsefulSilence Useful

Awaiting thoughtAwaiting thought Switching gazeSwitching gaze Reading slideReading slide Reinforcing pointReinforcing point

Structuring presentation

Designing slides

Pausing techniques

Answering questions

PitfallsPitfalls

Hostile gesturesHostile gestures Wandering gazeWandering gaze Body languageBody language Missing pointMissing point Seeking approvalSeeking approval Excluding audienceExcluding audience

OpportunitiesOpportunities

Welcoming gesturesWelcoming gestures Focusing gazeFocusing gaze Body languageBody language Getting pointGetting point Reinforcing messageReinforcing message Including audienceIncluding audience

Dangerous Dangerous ResponsesResponses

““Good question”Good question” ““I’m glad you asked that I’m glad you asked that

question”question”

SummarySummary

Guide audience gently

Design slides carefully

Use pauses effectively

Answer questions inclusively