Effective Communication of Exam Results: What Should (or Shouldn't) be Included in the Candidate's Score Report Elizabeth A. Witt, Ph.D. American Board of Emergency Medicine 2006 Annual Conference Alexandria, Virginia Council on Licensure, Enforcement and Regulation Expect the Unexpected: Are We Clearly Prepared?
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Effective Communication of Exam Results: What Should (or Shouldn't) be Included in the Candidate's Score Report Elizabeth A. Witt, Ph.D. American Board.
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Effective Communication of Exam Results:
What Should (or Shouldn't) be Included in the Candidate's
Score Report
Elizabeth A. Witt, Ph.D.American Board of Emergency Medicine
2006 Annual Conference
Alexandria, Virginia
Council on Licensure, Enforcement and Regulation
Expect the Unexpected: Are We Clearly Prepared?
Presented at the 2006 CLEAR Annual ConferenceSeptember 14-16 Alexandria, Virginia
Validity
• Degree to which evidence supports the interpretation and proposed use of test scores
Presented at the 2006 CLEAR Annual ConferenceSeptember 14-16 Alexandria, Virginia
Certified Chefs of America
Examination Results
Exam: South American Cuisine
Date: August 15, 2006
Name: Jane Smith
Result: Pass
Your certificate will be mailed within 10 days.
Presented at the 2006 CLEAR Annual ConferenceSeptember 14-16 Alexandria, Virginia
Presented at the 2006 CLEAR Annual ConferenceSeptember 14-16 Alexandria, Virginia
RESULTS
Summary
The following graph reveals how closely Sample Report's responses match up to those of top performers.
Overall Suitability
Overall, Sample Report exhibits satisfactory levels of key competencies, as compared to top performers. Sample's pattern of responses is similar to those of successful real estate agents, although there are areas of divergence. By targeting training and development to the areas of weakness, Sample could boost performance to a higher level. Please review the Detailed Results below to identify Sample's areas of strengths and weakness from the perspective of a career in real estate sales.
Detailed Assessment
The following graph illustrates Sample Report's areas of strength and weakness. The graph is laid out in terms of critical competencies that are required to successfully perform as a real estate agent. For each competency, Sample Report is evaluated in terms of Sample's current level of development. A high score indicates strength in that particular competency. A low score indicates that a competency may require further development. Please review the information below the graph for an interpretation of the results.
SALES ABILITY
Building Rapport And Acquiring Information
Listening And Comprehension Skills
Managing The Sales Process
Presented at the 2006 CLEAR Annual ConferenceSeptember 14-16 Alexandria, Virginia
What information do examinees want?
Pass/Fail status
Actual score 78
Comparison to passing score
Areas of strength/weakness
Comparison with others
Presented at the 2006 CLEAR Annual ConferenceSeptember 14-16 Alexandria, Virginia
What else do examinees want?
Timely notification
Explanations – graphs, technical terminology
Graphics, visual
presentation
Simplicity
Presented at the 2006 CLEAR Annual ConferenceSeptember 14-16 Alexandria, Virginia
Timely notificationTimely notification
Why do we not just give them what they want?
Instant notification possible with CBTBUT
Not with paper examsAND
Requires relinquishing controlINCLUDING
Elimination of poorly performing items
Presented at the 2006 CLEAR Annual ConferenceSeptember 14-16 Alexandria, Virginia
SimplicitySimplicity
Why do we not just give them what they want?
We lose sight of the purpose/audience.
This is not a technical report!
Presented at the 2006 CLEAR Annual ConferenceSeptember 14-16 Alexandria, Virginia
Presented at the 2006 CLEAR Annual ConferenceSeptember 14-16 Alexandria, Virginia
Graphics, visual Graphics, visual
presentationpresentation
Why do we not just give them what they want?
Not always necessary
Small staff, small program
Presented at the 2006 CLEAR Annual ConferenceSeptember 14-16 Alexandria, Virginia
Why do we not just give them what they want?Actual scoreActual score – may need explanation
Raw score: number correct, percent correct
Logits
Scaled score
Scores may not be precise away from the cut
Presented at the 2006 CLEAR Annual ConferenceSeptember 14-16 Alexandria, Virginia
Why do we not just give them what they want?
Comparison to passing scoreComparison to passing score
– Scores may not be precise except at the cut
– May need explanation (SEM, for example)
– May be self-explanatory(if a simple raw is reported, for
example)
Presented at the 2006 CLEAR Annual ConferenceSeptember 14-16 Alexandria, Virginia
Why do we not just give them what they want?
Areas of strength/weaknessAreas of strength/weakness
- Need a subscore for each area
- Scores based on few items are not reliable
- Subscores may not sum to total test score- confusing to examinees
Presented at the 2006 CLEAR Annual ConferenceSeptember 14-16 Alexandria, Virginia
Why do we not just give them what they want?
Comparison with othersComparison with others
- Scores are normally criterion-referenced.
- The group testing may differ by examadministration.
Presented at the 2006 CLEAR Annual ConferenceSeptember 14-16 Alexandria, Virginia
Recommendations
DO include:DO include:
Name, exam title, exam date
Pass/Fail Status
An interpretable score
Score required to pass
Same results by section, if appropriate
Simple, clean graphics
Presented at the 2006 CLEAR Annual ConferenceSeptember 14-16 Alexandria, Virginia
Recommendations
DO include:DO include:
Simple, clear explanations for any graphs
or technical terminology
Brief, simple explanation of scoring
Diagnostic information for those who fail
How to request score verification, appeal result
Presented at the 2006 CLEAR Annual ConferenceSeptember 14-16 Alexandria, Virginia
Recommendations
Do NOT include:Do NOT include:
DecimalsMean score = 275.358
Mean score = 275 Excessive detail Jargon
SEM Coefficient Alpha Logit Personal information (SSN, for example)
Teeny, tiny font sizes
Presented at the 2006 CLEAR Annual ConferenceSeptember 14-16 Alexandria, Virginia
RecommendationsCandidate score reports should be:Candidate score reports should be:
Timely
Simple
Clear
Brief
Easy to read and understand
Presented at the 2006 CLEAR Annual ConferenceSeptember 14-16 Alexandria, Virginia
Presented at the 2006 CLEAR Annual ConferenceSeptember 14-16 Alexandria, Virginia
Bottom LineWho is the audience and
what do they need to know?
Presented at the 2006 CLEAR Annual ConferenceSeptember 14-16 Alexandria, Virginia
References/ResourcesAmerican Educational Research Association (AERA), American Psychological Association (APA), & National Council on Measurement in Education (NCME). (1985). Standards for educational and psychological testing. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association
Ryan, J. M. (2006). Practices, issues, and trends in student test score reporting. In S. M. Downing & T. M. Haladyna (Eds.), Handbook of Test Development (pp. 677-710). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Schroeder, L. L. & Castle, R. Technology and testing: Reporting scores. (Winter 2006). CLEAR Exam Review, 27(1), 8-10.