Effects of synthetic turf on cell cycle genes of Sacchromyces cerevisiae \ By: Evin Rothschild
Effects of synthetic turf on cell cycle genes of
Sacchromyces cerevisiae
\
By: Evin Rothschild
BackgroundTurf: composed of crumb rubber to cushion the
landing when a runner’s foot hits the turf
Background Amy Griffin has found 63 former soccer players
with cancer who played on artificial turf (2015)Majority are goal keepers: spend most time on
groundPlayers were exposed regularly for long periods
of time
PurposeDetermine whether future research is necessary
on the safety of artificial turf See if there is abnormal regulation in the MAPK1
gene homolog after yeast is exposed to the synthetic turf field from Pine Crest School.
Methods Since human and vertebrate animals were not an option, I chose yeast
as my medium. Curious if a chemical was leeched out of the turf after exposure to
realistic field conditions Approximately 8 hours of sunlight a day, so exposed water with turf in it
to sunlight for 8 hours Field known to get to 140 degrees F, so heated water with turf in it at
that temperature for an hour YPD media will be created with the water that was soaked in turf pellets Cell growth in the YPD media for 18 hours RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis PCR
Experimental groupsControlOnly turfSun 1 and turfSun 2 and turfHeat 1 and turfHeat 2 and turfSun and heat 1 and turfSun and heat 2 and turf
Data
MAPK1 TDH1
CONTROL
JUST TURF
SUN1
SUN 2
HEAT 1
HEAT 2
SUN+HEAT 1
SUN+HEAT
2
CONTROL
JUSTTURF
SUN1
SUN 2
HEAT 1
HEAT
2
SUN+HEAT1
SUN+HEAT2
Discussion of first trialMAPK1 homolog is downregulated only in sun
and heat 1, sun and heat 2, and slightly in heat 2
Normal function: inhibit invasive growth, involved in signal transduction pathways, regulating filamentous growth, and phosphorylating TEC1p, a gene that helps inhibit invasive growth
When downregulated, invasive growth could occur.
Second trialPurpose: determine if age of turf makes a difference Used turf from a field (Sand Pine) that was 5 years
old this time in addition to the 1 year old turf from my school
Saw only combination of sun and heat caused the turf to downregulate
Planning on testing more genes this time alsoSame procedure but heat and sun was used for all
experimental groups
GroupsControlJust PC turfJust SP turfPC sun and heat 1PC sun and heat 2SP sun and heat 1SP sun and heat 2
RNA confirmation test for second trial
Column1 MockCONT
CONT w/ PC Turf
CONT w/SP turf
PC S+H 1
PC S+H 2
SP S+H 1
SP S+H 2
RNA conc (ng/µL) 5675.8
2247.6 5595 2102.7
3563.3 967.3
4244.2 918.6
1:10 DF 567.58224.
76 559.5 210.27356.3
3 96.7424.4
2 91.86RNA (µL) 1 2.45 1 2.6 1.55 5.7 1.3 6H2O (µL) 5 3.55 5 3.4 4.45 0.3 4.7 0
FINAL 567.58550.
66 559.5 546.702552.3
1551.1
9551.7
5551.1
6
FINAL/µL 94.691.7
8 93.25 91.12 92.0591.86
591.95
8 91.86
RNA Standardization
TDH 1
MOCK
PC TURF
SP TURF
PC S+H
1
PCS+H2
SPS+H1
SP S+H2
CONTROL
Hypothesis on future research:
TEP1 – homolog of human tumor suppressor gene, checks growth of cells, shown to be down regulated in cancers
CDK2- regulates the S phase of mitosis, shown to be up regulated in breast cancer
MAPK1- discussed previously
References https://encrypted-tbn2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRWyC4cs00cTLDjIItoZFfG
l6yCAycDI49ZXTnFt5R2ONwAGLjnxw
http://static1.squarespace.com/static/54402fd8e4b0e6f12d48c272/54414133e4b0c2fe87492adc/54414133e4b0c2fe87492f13/1413562974228/yearly+maint+labor+cost.jpg
http://media2.s-nbcnews.com/j/newscms/2014_43/707411/141008-amy-griffin-jms-1722_d09bbe07e4dbc03f7645187371c75911.nbcnews-fp-1240-520.jpg
http://www.ehhi.org/reports/turf/health_effects.shtml#b
https://www.wikigenes.org/e/gene/e/8872.html