Effect of spacing and different levels of fertilizer on growth and ... · hot pepper (chilli pepper).Hence, the exact statistics related to Bell pepper or chilli as whole is given.

ABSTRACTBell pepper is one of the important salad vegetable crops with fruits rich in vitamin C. To get the

higher productivity, optimum spacing and suitable level of fertilizer are necessary. Therefore, an

experiment was conducted to find out the effect of spacings and different levels of fertilizers on

growth and yield of bell pepper under shade net condition. The experiment was conducted at

Horticulture garden, RARS, Raichur during Kharif, 2008.The Spacing S3 (30 x 30 cm) recorded

significant yield (66.90 t/ha-1) with fertilizer dose F6 (RDF + FYM). Minimum yield was noticed in

spacing S1 at F

1 (46.13 t/ha-1). Spacing S

1 with F

6 fertilizer dose performed better with respect to

growth components viz., number of branches per plant, stem thickness, plant spread, at all

stages of crop growth. However, plant height was maximum in closer spacing 30 x 30 cm at all

levels of fertilizer dose.

Capsicum (Capsicum annum L. Var. Grossum Sendt.)

believed to be the native of tropical South America.

Bell pepper is one of the highly remunerative vegetables

cultivated in most parts of the world especially in

temperate regions of Central and South America and

European countries. Similarly it is also grown in tropical

and subtropical regions of Asian continent. In the world,

area and production of bell pepper is merged with that of

hot pepper (chilli pepper).Hence, the exact statistics

related to Bell pepper or chilli as whole is given. Holland

is the major exporter of bell peppers and it meets the

requirements of Indian expatriates in South East Asia,

Gulf countries and to some extent in UK. Annual world

production of capsicum in the year 2007 amounted to 27.46

million metric tonnes from an area of 1.72 million hectare

(Anonymous, 2007). India’s contribution was estimated

to be 50,500 thousand metric tones from an area of 5,500

thousand hectares (FAO, 2004). Capsicum has a great

potential for export. The present trend of expansion in

vegetable in India for export and processing will result in

a growth in capsicum production. But an improvement of

cultural practices to boost production for domestic

consumption, processing and export is needed. Hence,

the present study was proposed with the objective of

finding the optimum spacing and fertilizer level for shade

net condition.

See end of the article for

authors’ affiliations

Correspondence to:

SHIVAKUMAR

Department of Horticulture

College of Agriculture,

University of Agricultural

Sciences, RAICHUR

(KARNATKA) INDIA

•HIND AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND TRAINING INSTITUTE•

Key words : Bell pepper, Spacing, Fertilizer, Shade net

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The effect of spacings and different levels of fertilizer

dose experiment was conducted under shade net in bell

pepper cv. Indra. Experiment was conducted during

Kharif, 2008 at Horticulture garden, RARS, Raichur

situated in North Eastern Dry Zone (Zone-2) of Karnataka

at 16o 12' N latitude and 77o 20' E longitude with an altitude

of 389 meters above the mean sea level. The experiment

was laid out in split plot design with three spacings (S1-

45 x 45 cm), (S2- 45 x 30 cm) and (S

3- 30 x 30 cm) in

main plot treatments and different levels of fertilizers as

sub plot treatments with three replications. Different level

of fertilizer viz., F1 : FYM alone, F

2 : Vermicompost alone

(15 t/ha), F3 : 50% FYM + 50% vermicompost, F

4 : 50%

FYM + 50% RDF, F5 : 50% Vermicompost + 50% RDF

and F6 : RDF+FYM were used.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The results obtained from the present investigation

are summarized below :

Spacings:

The maximum cumulative yield per hectare was

noticed in spacing S3 (63.96 t/ha).This was due to

maximum plant population maintained per unit area

Effect of spacing and different levels of fertilizer on growth and yield of bell

pepper under shade net conditionSHIVAKUMAR, S. ABBAS HUSSAIN, A.H. HUGAR AND S.J. IMAMSAHEB

Shivakumar, Abbas Hussain, S., Hugar, A.H. and Imamsaheb, S.J. (2011). Effect of spacing and different levels of fertilizer on growth and

yield of bell pepper under shade net condition, Asian J. Hort., 6 (1) : 173-177.

The Asian Journal of Horticulture; Vol. 6 No. 1; (June, 2011) : 173-177

Received : February, 2011; Accepted : March, 2011

Research Paper

•HIND AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND TRAINING INSTITUTE•

174

[Asian J. Hort., Vol. 6 (1); June, 2011]

SHIVAKUMAR, S. ABBAS HUSSAIN, A.H. HUGAR AND S.J. IMAMSAHEB

175

[Asian J. Hort., Vol. 6 (1); June, 2011] •HIND AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND TRAINING INSTITUTE•

EFFECT OF SPACINGS & FERTILIZER ON GROWTH & YIELD OF BELL PEPPER UNDER SHADE NET CONDITION

•HIND AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND TRAINING INSTITUTE•

176

[Asian J. Hort., Vol. 6 (1); June, 2011]

Table 5 : Effect of spacings and different levels of fertilizer on yield per plant and hectare of capsicum in shade net

Yield (kg/plant) Yield per hectare (t) Treatments

S1 S2 S3 Mean S1 S2 S3 Mean

F1 1.08 0.85 0.98 0.97 46.13 56.83 62.77 55.24

F2 1.00 0.94 0.98 0.97 48.03 55.70 63.00 55.58

F3 0.95 0.93 1.05 0.98 44.77 60.30 63.33 56.13

F4 0.94 1.04 0.97 0.98 48.90 55.10 63.23 55.74

F5 0.97 1.22 0.94 1.04 52.80 61.87 64.53 59.73

F6 1.49 1.00 0.96 1.15 57.53 62.17 66.90 62.20

Mean 1.07 1.00 0.98 1.02 49.69 58.66 63.96 57.44

S.E.± C.D. (P=0.05) S.E.± C.D. (P=0.05)

Spacing (S) 0.02 0.07 0.66 2.59

Fertilizer (F) 0.04 0.11 0.77 2.22

F at same S 0.07 0.20 1.33 3.84

S at same or different F 0.06 0.19 1.38 3.99

Main plot: Spacing Sub plot: Fertilizer combination

S1 : 45 × 45 cm S2 : 45 × 30 cm S3 : 30 × 30 cm

F1 – FYM alone F2 – Vermicompost alone F3 – 50% FYM + 50% Vermicompost

F4 – 50% FYM + 50% RDF F5 – 50% Vermicompost + 50% RDF F6 – RDF + FYM

(1,11,111 plant/ ha) under closer spacing S3 was higher

when compared to wider spacing S1 (49382 plants/ ha).

However, maximum yield per plant was noticed in wider

spacing S1 (45 x 45 cm) (Table 5). Similar results were in

accordance with Maya et al. (1999) in capsicum. Closer

spacing 30 x 30 cm recorded higher plant height (Table

1). This might be due to competation for light and space.

The results were in accordance with Maya et al. (1997a)

in capsicum

Different levels of fertilizer:

The significantly higher fruit yield per plant (1.15

kg) and fruit yield per hectare (62.20 t) were obtained in

treatment F6 (RDF + FYM) (Table 5). This can be

attributed to the fact that application of farm yard manure

has improved physical condition of soil, better root

proliferation, uptake of nutrients and water, leaf area, more

photosynthesis and enhanced food accumulation. While

chemical fertilizer, played a major role in production of

higher number of flowers per plant, enhanced fruit set

and carrying of the set fruits to maturity has resulted in

significant increase in yield per plant, per plot and per

hectare. Similar results have been reported by Shetty et

al. (2008) in capsicum.

However, maximum yield per plant was recorded in

wider spacing S1(45 x 45 cm). It is because of translocation

of available photosynthates to the sink which has

increased the weight of individual fruit. Similarly increased

application of RDF + FYM has increased the fruit weight

and fruit size. Similar results were obtained by Maya et

al. (1997b) in capsicum.

The number of branches per plant and stem thickness

and plant spread showed an increase with N and P

application in RDF + FYM which could be ascribed to

the influence of N, the constituent of protein essential for

the formation of protoplasm leading to cell division and

cell enlargement (Table 2, 3 and 4). Similar results were

noticed by Bakly (1974) in rose.

Interaction effect:

Significantly yield per hectare was maximum in S3

at F6 treatment combination (66.90 t). This may be

attributed to more plant population in S3 compare to S

2

and S1. Similar results have been previously reported by

Singh et al. (2004) in capsicum under shade house.

The number of branches per plant and stem thickness

and plant spread was maximum in wider spacing S1 at F

6

fertilizer level. It might be due to less number of plant

populations in wider spacing, there will not be much

competition for nutrition, moisture and light. Similar result

was noticed by Singh et al. (2004) in capsicum under

shade house.

Authors’ affiliations:

S. ABBAS HUSSAIN, A.H. HUGAR AND S.J.

IMAMSAHEB, Department of Horticulture, College of

Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences,

RAICHUR (KARNATAKA) INDIA

REFERENCES

Anonymous (2007). Annual production by crop quick reference.

www.fao.stat.fao.org.

SHIVAKUMAR, S. ABBAS HUSSAIN, A.H. HUGAR AND S.J. IMAMSAHEB

177

[Asian J. Hort., Vol. 6 (1); June, 2011] •HIND AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND TRAINING INSTITUTE•

Bakly, S.A. (1974). Effects of fertilization treatment on yield of

Chrysier Imperial rose plant. Agric. Res. Rev., 52(9): 95-99.

FAO (2004). Chilli pepper. Food and agriculture organization

quarterly bulletin of statistics, 56: 160-165.

Maya, P., Natarajan, S. and Thaburaj, S. (1997a). Effect of

spacing, N and P on growth and yield of sweet pepper cv.

California Wonder. South Indian J. Hort., 45(1-2): 16-18.

Maya, P., Natarajan, S. and Thamburaj, S. (1997b). Flowering,

fruit characters and quality as influenced by spacing and N and

P in sweet pepper cv. CALIFORNIA WONDER. South Indian J. Hort.,

45(3-4): 125-127.

Maya, P., Natarajan, S. and Thamburaj, S. (1999). Effect of Pant

density and nutrients on certain physiological parameters in

sweet pepper. South Indian J. Hort., 47(1-6): 237-239.

Shetty, G., Krishna Manohar, R., Chandre Gowda, M. and

Sreeramu, B.S. (2008). Fruit growth of red coloured capsicum

(Capsicum annuum L.) cv. BOMBI as influenced by stem pruning

and growth regulators under green house. Crop Res., 35(1&2):

69-72.

Singh, Awani, K., Singh, Arun K., Gupta, M.J. and Shrivastava,

Ranjan (2004). Effect of variety and spacing on growth, yield

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EFFECT OF SPACINGS & FERTILIZER ON GROWTH & YIELD OF BELL PEPPER UNDER SHADE NET CONDITION