EFFECT OF MOLAR RATIO (M2+/M3+) OF Mg-Al-N0 DYE …ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/23137/1/PPb_ASIAH MOHD SHAFIEE AS 10_5.pdf · submitted by Asiah Binti Mohd. Shafiee, in partial fulfilment

EFFECT OF MOLAR RATIO (M2+/M3+) OF Mg-Al-N03-LAYERED DOUBLE HYDROXIDE ON

DYE ADSORPTION

ASIAH BINTIMOHD. SHAFIEE

Final Year Project Report Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the

Degree of Bachelor of Science (Hons.) Applied Chemistry in the Faculty of Applied Sciences Universiti Teknologi MARA

MAY 2010

This Final Year Project Report entitled " Effect of Molar Ratio (M2+/M3+) of Mg-Al-N03-Layered Double Hydroxide on Dye Adsorption " was submitted by Asiah Binti Mohd. Shafiee, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science (Hons.) Applied Chemistry, in the Faculty of Applied Sciences, and was approved by

Puan Siti Mariam Sumari Supervisor

B. Sc. (Hons.) Environmental Technology Faculty of Applied Sciences Universiti Teknologi MARA

40450 Shah Alam Selangor

Miss Sal^iiia^vlTYahaya Project Coordinator B. Sc. (Hons.) Applied Chemistry Faculty of Applied Sciences Universiti Teknologi MARA 40450 Shah Alam Selangor

Siti Halimah Sarijo, PhD Head of Programme B. Sc. (Hons.) Applied Chemsitry Faculty of Applied Sciences Universiti Teknologi MARA 40450 Shah Alam Selangor

Date: ^ S hi -2-o(o

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Firstly, my most gratitude to Allah s.w.t for blessing me with His wisdom and give me the strength to complete this project report.

Upon completion of this project, I would like to express my gratitude to many parties. My heartfelt thanks goes to my supervisor, Pn Siti Mariam Sumari for her guidance, supports and motivation throughout the completion of this project paper. I would like to thanks to all of Chemistry laboratory's staffs especially En Adnan and En Khairul for their willingness to assist me in completing this project paper. Also thanks to Environmental Technology's reasearch assistant, Kak Maszlin in assiting me in finishing my project paper.

Last but not least, I would like to express my grateful appreaciation to my family and my friends for being very supportive during the completion of this project paper. May Allah S.W.T bless all your kindness.

Asiah Binti Mohd. Shafiee

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iii TABLE OF CONTENTS iv LIST OF TABLES vi LIST OF FIGURES vii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ix ABSTRACT x ABSTRAK xi

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background and problem statement 1 1.2 Significance of study 2 1.3 Objectives of study 3

CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Layered Double Hydroxide (LDH) 4 2.2 Structure of Hydrotalcite 5 2.3 Properties of Hydrotalcite 6 2.4 Adsorption 7 2.5 Introduction to Dyes 8 2.6 Previous study 11

CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY 3.1 Chemicals 13 3.2 Equipments and instruments 13 3.3 Preparation of Layered Double Hydoxide (Zn-Al-COs) 14 3.4 Characterization methods

3.4.1 Powder X-Ray Diffractometer (X-RD) 15 3.4.2 Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) 16 3.4.3 Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy 16

(FESEM) 3.4.4 UV-VIS spectrometer 17

3.5 Adsorption properties / data analysis experiments 3.5.1 Adsorption efficiency (%) 17 3.5.2 Adsorption capacity 18

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ABSTRACT

THE EFFECT OF MOLAR RATIO (M^/MJ+) Mg-Al-N03-LAYERED DOUBLE HYDROXIDE ON DYE ADSORPTION

Layered double hydroxide (LDH) is lamellar mixed hydroxide containing positively charged main layers and undergoing anion exchange chemistry. In this study, MgAl layered hydroxides (LDHs) have been prepared with NO3" interlayer anions and with Mg/Al ratio 2, 3 and 4. The LDHs were characterized by X-Ray Diffractometer (X-RD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). The X-RD patterns for the LDHs show intense and sharp peaks of d-spacing at about 8.00 A - 8.90 A and interlayer spacing peaks approximately 4.00 A -4.50 A. After adsorption, the basal spacing of the LDHs decreases due to the small molecular size of anionic dyes and mostly, the adsorption occurs on the external surface of the LDHs. The FT-IR spectrum of the LDHs were identified and the adsorption has occurred onto the LDHs as the functional groups of dyes appear in the FT-IR spectrum. While, from the FESEM analysis, it shows that the LDHs has well-defined plate-shaped crystals. Moreover, the different ratio of LDHs were investigated by comparing their adsoption efficiency on different type of dyes which are Reactive Red 120 (RR120), Reactive Orange 16 (R016) and Reactive Black 5 (RB5). And, the results obtained shows that LDH of ratio 4 has the best adsorption efficieny, followed by LDH of ratio 3 and then ratio 2.

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