EFFECT OF CHOPPED GLASS FIBER ON STRENGTH AND DURABILITY OF CONCRETE

International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET)
Volume 8, Issue 11, November 2017, pp. 600–608, Article ID: IJCIET_08_11_063
Available online at http://http://iaeme.com/Home/issue/IJCIET?Volume=8&Issue=11
ISSN Print: 0976-6308 and ISSN Online: 0976-6316
© IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed
STRENGTH AND DURABILITY OF CONCRETE
S. Jagan
R. Gokul Kannan
S. Prasanth UG Student, Department of Civil Engineering,
Kalasalingam University, Krishnankoil, Tamil Nadu, India
ABSTRACT
structures. Architectures provoke their work from artistic point, whereas we civil
Engineers provoke our work from strength and durability point. In order to maintain
the aesthetic view of a structure without affecting its strength and durability many
exertions have been made in the field of concrete technology. In the outlook of
achieving suitable sustainability, it is authoritative that fibers like steel, glass, hemp
provide enhancement in the strength of the concrete. Among the research, glass fiber
spectacles good fracture, toughness and energy absorption property. Such glass fiber
shows higher resistance to alkali action and corrosion, which improves the durability
of a concrete. In this study to improve the workability of concrete polycarboxylate
ether was used as super plasticizer. Here we present the overview on strength and
durability improvement of concrete on addition of 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75% and 1% of
chopped glass fibers in concrete. Various strength tests like compressive strength test,
Split tensile strength test and flexural strength test and durability tests like acid attack
and fire resistant test were performed. In addition to the above tests, a study on role of
polycarboxylate ether on the improvement of workability of concrete was presented.
Key words: Durability, Rapid chloride penetration test, corrosion.
Cite this Article: S. Jagan, R. Gokul Kannan and S. Prasanth, Effect of Chopped
Glass Fiber on Strength and Durability of Concrete. International Journal of Civil
Engineering and Technology, 8(11), 2017, pp. 600–608.
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1. INTRODUCTION
Reinforcement is provided in the concrete not only to improve its tensile property but also to
improve the durability properties of concrete. Concrete structures are subjected to very
aggressive environment. To overcome the deterioration of concrete and to enhance the
durability of concrete, reinforcement is provided. Without reinforcement concrete is imperiled
to catastrophic failure when it is subjected to pure compressive force. Reinforcement provided
in concrete will prohibit such catastrophic failure and also reduce the progression of cracks,
thereby enhancing the mechanical property of concrete. Addition of fiber in concrete will
decrease the development of holes at certain degrees and also the failure of concrete at
interface zone gets reduced [1]. Chopped glass fibers which are alkaline resistant shows
marginal increase in strength properties of concrete. Workability of concrete is not much
affected by the addition of fibers [2]. With consistent increase in addition of fibers up to 1%
shows marginal improvement in strength of concrete. Such 1% addition of glass fiber in
concrete shows the saturation limit, which means addition of fiber beyond 1% shows marginal
reduction in strength of the concrete [3] [4]. Glass fibers which are alkaline resistant can be
used in retrofitting of concrete structures. Innovations were made in glass fiber reinforced
concrete with gypsum plaster can be used for construction of hollow panels. Such hollow wall
panels can be used as load bearing structures [5]. The ratio of surface area to weight is high
compared to other fibers. Thermal conductivity of glass fiber reinforced concrete is in the
order of 0.05 w/mk. Use of Glass fiber in tension zone of reinforced concrete beam reduces
the cracking and improves the durability. This is mainly due to the redistribution of moments
within the reinforcement. Altering the composition of cement matrix with E glass fiber and
alkaline resistant glass fiber will improve the strength and durability of concrete. Aspect ratio
has greater influence on strength and durability properties of concrete. Glass fiber reinforced
shows good fire resistant property up to 1% replacement [6]. Addition of glass fiber in
concrete reduces bleeding, improves the homogeneity and thereby reducing the probability of
cracks [7]. Major problem that arises while providing reinforcement is corrosion. Glass fibers
are not susceptible to corrosion, but its gets deteriorated due to chloride ingression. Glass
fiber reinforced concrete shows less ingression of chloride ions into concrete [11]. Ultrasonic
pulse velocity behavior of glass fiber reinforced shows better results. Workability of glass
fiber reinforced concrete reduced with increase in the replacement percentage. This can be
overcome by adding some plasticizers/ water reducing admixtures [13]. Water penetration and
gas permeability of fibers increases with increase in addition of fibers. Steel fibers has highest
gas permeability and less scaling resistance compared to all fibers. Only few researches have
been carried out in durability point of view. So in this work an attempt has been taken to
study both strength and durability of concrete reinforced with glass fibers.
2. OBJECTIVES
• To study the strength property of chopped glass fiber reinforced concrete.
• To study the durability property of chopped glass fiber reinforced concrete.
• To analyze the optimum fiber concrete to improve its strength and durability properties.
3. METHODOLOGY
3.1. Materials
Experimental investigation relates to the introduction of chopped glass fiber into concrete
mix. Chopped glass is introduced into concrete by 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1% by weight in
concrete. Ordinary Portland cement of 53 grade confirming to IS: 269-1976 was used. Locally
available river sand passing through IS sieve 4.75mm was used as fine aggregate. Blue granite
Effect of Chopped Glass Fiber on Strength and Durability of Concrete
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crushed stone aggregate of size 20mm were used. Polycarboxylate ether was used as super
plasticizer to improve the durability of concrete.
3.2. Preparation of Test Specimens
Around 60 specimens have been casted to study the strength and durability of glass fiber
reinforced concrete. Around 30 cubes of size 150mm*150mm*150mm, 18 cylinders of size
150mm*300mm and 12 beam of size 500mm*100mm*100mm were casted. As per IS: 10262,
concrete of grade M50 has been adopted with mix ratio of 1:0.82:2.5:0.35.
3.3. Slump Cone Test
Slump cone test is done to determine the workability of concrete. In this study percentage of
super plasticizer is varied by 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1 and 1.25%. A slump cone test is conducted as
per IS: 1199-1959. Slump cone apparatus consist of a cone shaped with height of 30cm, top
diameter of 10cm and bottom diameter of 20cm. Based on the results, nature of slump is
decided by varying the percentage of super plasticizer.
3.4. Compressive Strength Test
According to IS 516:1959, compression test was carried out on a standard 150x150x150mm
cubic specimens. All the cubes were tested in surface dried condition for each mix
combination, three cubes were tested at the age of 28 days using compression testing
machine. The tests were carried out at a uniform stress rate, after the specimen was centred in
the testing machine. The loading was continued till the specimen reaches its ultimate load.
The ultimate load divided by the cross sectional area of the specimen is equal to the ultimate
compressive strength.
3.5. Split Tensile Strength Test
According to IS 516:1959, compression test was carried out on a standard 150x300mm
cylindrical specimens. All the cylinders were tested in surface dried condition for each mix
combination, three cylinders were tested at the age of 28 days using UTM machine. The
loading was continued till the specimen reaches its ultimate load. The tensile strength of the
strength is calculated using the formula
T = 2P/πDL
3.6. Flexural Strength Test
According to IS 516:1959, flexural strength test was carried out on a standard
500mm*100mm*100mm beam specimens. All the beams were tested in surface dried
condition for each mix combination, three beams were tested at the age of 28 days using
flexural testing machine. The tensile strength of the strength is calculated using the formula
F = pl/bd2
3.7. Acid Attack Test
Acid attack test was carried out a standard 150x150x150mm cubic specimens. Specimens are
immersed in hydrochloric acid solution for 28 days. This test is done to determine the weight
loss in concrete when exposed to chemical attack. As per ASTM standards, 5ml of
Hydrochloric acid is immersed in one litre of distilled water.
S. Jagan, R. Gokul Kannan and S. Prasanth
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3.8 Fire Resistance Test
Fire resistance test is done to the resistive capacity of chopped glass fiber in concrete. The
cube specimens reinforced with glass fiber is heated to an elevated temperature of 300°C for 2
hours. Specimen is then tested under compressive testing machine to determine the reduction
in compression strength.
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
4.1. Slump Cone Test
The slump cone test results for 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75%, 1% and 1.25% variation of
polycarboxylate ether in concrete is studied and presented in the table 1.
Table 1 Slump cone test
S.No % of Super Plasticizer Slump (mm) Nature of the Slump
1 0.5 290 True slump
2 1 287.5 True slump
3 1.5 280 True slump
4 2 275 True slump
5 2.5 180 Shear slump
6 3 85 Collapse
Figure 1 Slump Value
4.2. Compressive Strength Test
Compressive strength test results for 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75% and 1% of chopped glass fiber by
weight of concrete is presented in the table 2.
Table 2 Compressive strength at 7 and 28 days
S.No Fiber Content Average Compressive Strength (N/mm2)
7 days 28 days
1 0.25 35.04 53.91
2 0.5 37.60 56.12
3 0.75 40.26 60.10
4 1 41.90 63.49
S L
U M
SLUMP VALUE
Effect of Chopped Glass Fiber on Strength and Durability of Concrete
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4.3. Split Tensile Strength Test
Split tensile strength test results for 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75% and 1% of chopped glass fiber by
weight of concrete is presented in the table 3.
Table 2 Split tensile strength at 7 and 28 days
S.No Fiber Content Average Split tensile Strength (N/mm2)
7 days 28 days
1 0.25 3.81 5.69
2 0.5 4.1 6.1
3 0.75 4.3 6.42
4 1 4.51 6.73
4.4. Flexural Strength Test
Split tensile strength test results for 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75% and 1% of chopped glass fiber by
weight of concrete is presented in the table 3.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
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S.No Fiber Content Flexural Strength (N/mm2)
7 days 28 days
1 0.25 6.20 10.94
2 0.5 6.76 12.13
3 0.75 7.69 12.86
4 1 8.62 13.44
4.5. Acid attack Test
Acid attack test results for 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75% and 1% of chopped glass fiber by weight of
concrete at the age of 28 days is presented in the table 4.
Table 4 Acid attack test
S.No Fiber Content Percentage loss in weight
(kg)
O S
S I
N W
E IG
H T
FIBER CONTENT (%)
ACID ATTACK
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4.6. Fire Resistance Test
Fire resistance test results for 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75% and 1% of chopped glass fiber by weight
of concrete at the age of 28 days is presented in the table 5.
Table 4 Fire resistance test at 28 days
S.no Fiber Content Reduction in Compressive
strength
5. CONCLUSIONS
• Slump cone test indicate the effect of super plasticizer polycarboxylate ether. Initially till 2%
the super plasticizer has good workability over the concrete. Beyond 3% the state of
workability is not achieved. This shows that the optimum dosage of polycarboxylate ether to
achieve good workability of concrete is 2.5%.
• From the test results, it is clear that there is gradual increase in compressive strength of
concrete at the age of 28 days. At 0.25% the compressive strength is 7.25% more than
conventional concrete, at 0.5% the compressive strength is 10.9% more than conventional
concrete, at 0.75% the compressive strength is 16.8% more than conventional concrete and at
1% the compressive strength is 21.2% more than conventional concrete. This is because of the
tensile property of the chopped glass fiber which reduces the catastrophic failure.
• From the test results, it is clear that there is gradual increase in split tensile strength of
concrete at the age of 28 days. At 0.25% the split tensile strength is 14.65% more than
conventional concrete, at 0.5% the split tensile strength is 19.83% more than conventional
concrete, at 0.75% the split tensile strength is 23.8% more than conventional concrete and at
1% the split tensile strength is 27.3% more than conventional concrete.
• From the test results, it is clear that there is a phenomenal increase in flexural strength of
concrete at the age of 28 days. At 0.25% the flexural strength is 19.2% more than
conventional concrete, at 0.5% the flexural strength is 27.2% more than conventional
concrete, at 0.75% the flexural strength is 31.3% more than conventional concrete and at 1%
the flexural strength is 34.3% more than conventional concrete.
45
50
55
60
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• From the Acid attack, it is evident that as the percentage of fiber gets increased, the percentage
loss in weight gets increased. But there is no such phenomenal increase, because there is no
possibility of rust formation as it is not susceptible to corrosion.
• From the fire resistant test, the reduction is compressive strength is more as the percentage of
fiber increases. This shows that the glass fiber reinforced concrete is less susceptible to fire
attack.
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