Effect of Biological Activated Carbon Filters Effect of Biological Activated Carbon Filters on the Removal of Biodegradable NOM and on the Removal of Biodegradable NOM and Molecular Weight Molecular Weight Fourth IWA Specialty Conference on Natural Organic Matter July 27 – 29, 2011 Kerry Black, Kerry Black, B.A.Sc B.A.Sc, , M.A.Sc M.A.Sc. Dr. Pierre R. Dr. Pierre R. Bérubé Bérubé, , PhD, PhD, P.Eng P.Eng. Vancouver, BC Vancouver, BC [email protected][email protected]
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Effect of Biological Activated Carbon Filters Effect of Biological Activated Carbon Filters
on the Removal of Biodegradable NOM and on the Removal of Biodegradable NOM and
Molecular WeightMolecular Weight
Fourth IWA Specialty Conference on Natural Organic Matter
• Insufficient or inadequate bacterial growth within the
filter leads to1,4:
• Incomplete removal of biodegradable organic matter
• Increased potential of DBP formation
• Production of biologically unstable water
�Implications on treatment efficiency &
distribution system health
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Oxidation processes lead to the formation of biodegradable
dissolved organic carbon (BDOC)
Studies show that there are three forms of BDOC1,2,5,6
Rapidly biodegradable (BDOCr)
Slowly biodegradable (BDOCs)
Non-biodegradable
WHY?
• Rapidly Biodegradable Organic Carbon leads to the
potential formation of DBPs
• Slowly Biodegradable Organic Carbon leads to bacterial
regrowth within the distribution system
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Determination of Biodegradable Fractions
Yavich et al, 2004
DOC (mg/L)
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Project focus:
• Part 1 - Biofiltration Experiments: To assess the
removal of NOM through biological activated
carbon filtration.
• To assess the impact of ozonation and biofiltration on source water quality including
TOC, UVA, SUVA, AMW and DBPFP.
• To acclimatize biomass in order to perform the biodegradation experiments in Part 2.
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Experimental Setup •Granular Activated Carbon
Filters, Picabiol®
•Acclimatization over 5
months with Ozonated water
(2mgO3/mg DOC)
Raw Water Characteristics:
• 5 mg/L TOC
• Alkalinity 50 mg/L as
CaCO3• Hardness, 50 mg/L as
CaCO3• Temperature 22°C
• pH ~ 7
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Project focus:• Part 2 - Biodegradation Experiments: To assess the
effect of oxidation on the rate of biodegradation.
• To establish the effect of ozonation or UV/ H2O2 in combination with biological activated carbon filtration
on the rate of biodegradation of organic matter and
source water quality parameters including TOC, UVA,
SUVA, AMW and DBPFP.
• To develop a technique to evaluate biodegradation within activated carbon biofilters by determining the
rate kinetics governing the removal of DOC over time.
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In series with filtration experiments, biodegradation tests were performed to determine removal of biodegradable organic carbon during oxidation and biofiltration.
Harvest Acclimated
Biomass
Place in a Reactor
with Treated Water
Place in Shaker at
22ºC for Various
Times
Measure DOC,
SUVA, AMW
4, 8, 12, 18 hrs; 1,
2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 days
Yavich et al,
2004
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Source of
BiomassOxidant Dose
Reaction
Times
BAC
Column 1 &
2
None -
4, 8, 12,
18 hrs; 1,
2, 3, 4, 5,
6, 7 days
Ozone 1 mg/ mg DOC
Ozone 2 mg/ mg DOC
Ozone Extended Dose
(≈25 mg/mg DOC)
AOP 2000 mJ/cm2 & 10 mg/L H2O2
AOP 4000 mJ/cm2 & 10 mg/L H2O2
AOP 4000 mJ/cm2 & 0 mg/L H2O2
RESULTSRESULTS
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Part 2 - Effect of Oxidation on DOC
0 -3% -3%
-38%
-13%
-44%
-60%
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Raw Ozonated 1mg/mg DOC
Ozonated 2mg/mg DOC
Ozonated Extended Dose
UV 4000mJ/cm2 & 0mg/L H2O2
UV 2000mJ/cm2 & 10mg/L H2O2
UV 4000mJ/cm2 & 10mg/L H2O2
DOC (mg/L)
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Part 2 - Effect of Oxidation on UVA
0
-15%
-28%
-65%
-7%
-45%
-51%
0
-18%
-30%
-79%
-19%
-70%
-81%
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
0.12
0.14
0.16
0.18
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
Raw Ozonated
1mg/mg
DOC
Ozonated
2mg/mg
DOC
Ozonated
Extended
Dose
UV
4000mJ/cm2
& 0mg/L
H2O2
UV
2000mJ/cm2
& 10mg/L
H2O2
UV
4000mJ/cm2
& 10mg/L
H2O2
UV
Ab
sorb
an
ce (
UV
A)
Sp
ecif
ic U
V A
bso
rba
nce
(S
UV
A) SUVA
UVA
Fourth IWA Specialty Conference on Natural Organic Matter: Fourth IWA Specialty Conference on Natural Organic Matter:
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Part 2 - Effect of Oxidation on AMW
0
00
0
0
0-45
-24-11
-8
-7
10
-81 -80-70 -61
-67
-50
-95 -94 -90 -85-86
-78
-55 -37
-22
-8
4
19
-47
-52 -52 -35
-23
-2
-92-98 -100 -99 -97 -96
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
> 1350
(F1)
1050 - 1350
(F2)
750 - 1050
(F3)
500 - 750
(F4)
300 - 500
(F5)
< 300
(F6)
Are
a C
ou
nt
Molecular Weight (Da)
Raw Water
4000 mJ/cm2 & 0mg/L H2O2
2000 mJ/cm2 & 10mg/L H2O2
4000 mJ/cm2 & 10mg/L H2O2
1 mgO3/mg DOC
2 mgO3/mg DOC
Extended Ozonation
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Part 2 - Effect of Oxidation on DBPFP
0-5
-16
-45
-6
-44
-64
0
22
-28
-50
-5
-45
-92
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Raw 4000 mJ/cm2 & 0 mg/L H2O2
2000 mJ/cm2 & 10 mg/L H2O2
4000 mJ/cm2 & 10 mg/L H2O2
Ozonated (1mg O3/mg
DOC)
Ozonated (2mg O3/mg
DOC)
Extended Ozonation
(25mg O3/mg DOC)
Concentration (ug/L)
THM4 FP
HAA9 FP
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0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
0 2 4 6 8
DOC (mg/L)
Time (Days)
Generated Curve Fit
95% Confidence Interval
95% Confidence Interval
Actual Data
Part 2 - Effect of Biodegradation on NOM
y = a +bexp(-
cx)
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0
1
2
3
4
5
6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
DO
C (
mg/L
)
Time (Days)
Curve 17.0BAC Column 1
Generated Curve Fit
90% Confidence Interval
90% Confidence Interval
Actual Data
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
DO
C (
mg
/L)
Time (Days)
Curve 19.0BAC Column 1
Generated Curve Fit
90% Confidence Interval
90% Confidence Interval
Actual Data
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
DO
C (
mg
/L)
Time (Days)
Curve 37.0BAC Column 1
Generated Curve Fit
90% Confidence Interval
90% Confidence Interval
Actual Data
Fourth IWA Specialty Conference on Natural Organic Matter: Fourth IWA Specialty Conference on Natural Organic Matter:
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0 -3
-49
-66
1611
-67
0
-15
-47
-60
82
-73
0.000
0.500
1.000
1.500
2.000
2.500
3.000
3.500
Raw Water 4000 mJ/cm2 & 0 mg/L H2O2
2000 mJ/cm2 & 10 mg/L H2O2
4000 mJ/cm2 & 10 mg/L H2O2
Ozonated (1mg O3/mg DOC)
Ozonated (2mg O3/mg DOC)
Extended Ozonation (25mg O3/mg DOC)
Parameter a – DOCnon (mg/L) BAC Column 1
BAC Column 2
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0-6
2440
-12 -12
-66
0
-24 -20
-33
-14
-27
-80
0.000
0.500
1.000
1.500
2.000
2.500
3.000
3.500
Raw Water 4000 mJ/cm2 & 0 mg/L H2O2
2000 mJ/cm2 & 10 mg/L H2O2
4000 mJ/cm2 & 10 mg/L H2O2
Ozonated (1mg O3/mg
DOC)
Ozonated (2mg O3/mg
DOC)
Extended Ozonation (25mg O3/mg DOC)
Parameter c - Kinetic Rate Constant (k)BAC Column 1
BAC Column 2
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