EFC Forum for Roma Inclusion Workshop on Early Childhood Development March 4 & 5, The Hague Hosted by the Bernard van Leer Foundation Samples from Research.

EFC Forum for Roma InclusionWorkshop on

Early Childhood DevelopmentMarch 4 & 5, The Hague

Hosted by the Bernard van Leer Foundation

Samples from Research and Key Points

www.bernardvanleer.org

http://www.bernardvanleer.org/

Education

• Educational attainment of Roma Children is extremely low.

• Despite attempts for inclusion, non-Roma children are leaving integrated schools

• Quality of education and teachers are low• Unproportionally large numbers of Roma

children are sent to schools for children with mental disabilities


Nutrition Indicators• 24% of Roma children and young people had never

consumed milk or milk products• 70% of children ate meat less than once a week• 40 % had never had fresh fruit and vegetables

OXFAM, 2001

Survey on availability of food showed that the majority of Roma (53%) reported going hungry in the previous month, compared with only 7% of non-Roma living in close proximity to Roma settlements

UNDP, 2004


Health IndicatorsHow often was the child sick during the last 12 months?

8

8

20

19

20

30

14

18

36

43

31

37

41

19

20

12

22

16

17

9

8

20

16

8

8

Representative

IDP and

refugees

Roma

People w ho livefar away

Poor

Once per month Once per two months

Once per six months Once during the whole year

None

UNICEF Serbia- Child Rearing Study


Roma facts - Serbia• The infant mortality rate among the Roma children living in

Roma settlements is estimated at 25 per thousand live births, while the probability of dying under the age of 5 is around 28 per thousand live births (almost three times higher than national average).

• The least security of tenure in housing is found among Roma living in Roma settlements where 38 percent of households do not have formal residential documentation

• About 9 percent of children under the age of 5 in Serbia were left with inadequate care in the week preceding the survey. This practice is particularly present among Roma families (18 percent of children left without proper care).

MICS 2005


Child Rearing PracticesAfter the child’s birth, until what time did you breastfeed the child? (months)

8

10

14

9

10

Representative

IDP and refugees

Roma

People from remote areas

The poor



Child Rearing Practices - DisciplineWhat was the punishment that you gave?



Child Rearing PracticesInjury prevention

Have you taken measures for making your house/ apartment a more secure place for your child?



Child Rearing Practices• Roma parents rarely or never play with their children, less

often respond to children’s questions, but more often shout at and beat their children.

• Children lag behind in motoric development: 14 per cent of children older than 3 do not hold a pencil properly (relative to 2 per cent in the general population)

• A large number of children grow up without reading or story telling, colouring books, singing children’s songs.

UNICEF – Serbia 2006


Early Learning, Housing and Violence

HousingSubstandard Housing

Lack of tenureCrowding

ViolenceDisciplining

Domestic ViolenceTrafficking

Used as commercial commodities (Begging)

Early LearningLow preschool attendancePoor quality of education

Parental practicesSegregation / discrimination


Housing Situation• Large numbers of Roma and Travellers in the EU live in

substandard conditions which fall far below even the minimum criteria of adequate housing.

• Sometimes Roma live in squalid shanty-towns and temporary camps, often in segregated and environmentally hazardous areas.

• Very often Roma housing areas have poor access to public services, employment and schools, and are without adequate access to public utilities such as water, electricity or gas.

FRA, 2009


Roma housing in Tirana, Albania

Household Level Crowding


Discrimination

• Research demonstrates that children are aware of race and discriminatory symbols as young as age 2 or 3

• According to Eurobarometer 2008, in the EU 24% of the population is uncomfortable in having a Roma neighbor. In many countries the number is higher (CZ = 47%)


Domestic Violence

• A pilot survey done in the region of Niš in Serbia showed that more than 47% of Roma women had been victims of domestic violence, in most cases with their children as either witnesses or victims.

• A similar finding was reached by a study for the (ESE), which indicated that almost half of Roma women surveyed in FYR Macedonia had experienced domestic violence.


Early Learning, Housing and Violence

HousingSubstandard Housing

Lack of tenureCrowding

Violence and Child LaborDisciplining

Domestic ViolenceTrafficking

Used as commercial commodities (E.g.: Begging)

Early LearningLow preschool attendancePoor quality of education

Parental practicesSegregation / discrimination


EFC Forum for Roma Inclusion Workshop on Early Childhood Development March 4 & 5, The Hague Hosted by the Bernard van Leer Foundation Samples from Research.

Documents

nonroma children

percent of children

roma inclusionworkshop

roma settlementsundp

roma families

majority of roma

cent of children older

rearing practicesafter