EEE (PSA),ECE (OC),CSE&IT( MC)

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IV B.Tech. I Semester Supplementary Examinations, March 2010

REMOTE SENSING AND GIS APPLICATIONS

(Civil Engineering)

Time: 3 Hours Max Marks: 80

Answer any Five Questions

All Questions carry equal marks

*******

1. (a) Briefly explain the requirements of aerial photographs for stereoscopic viewing.

(b) Describe the procedure for parallax measurements for height.

2. Describe the physical processes involved and parameters derived in (a) Visible (b)

Thermal (c) Microwave (d) Short wave infrared parts of electromagnetic spectrum.

3. Explain in detail the basic elements of image interpretation.

4. (a) Explain spatial and non-spatial data with suitable example.

(b) Explain any 4 components of GIS.

5. (a) Explain advantages of Raster GIS.

(b) Explain disadvantages of Vector GIS.

6. Explain buffering, intersection, overlay and clip operations in GIS.

7. Explain various levels of landuse / landcover classification.

8. Describe any 8 watershed characteristics in detail.

Set No. 1Code No. M0103

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(Civil Engineering)




*******

1. (a) What are the major advantages of digital images over traditional hard copy images?

(b) Describe the procedure for parallax measurements for height.

2. Explain the following

(a) Energy interactions with earth surface features.

(b) Spatial resolution and spectral resolution.

3. What are the basic elements of interpretation for terrain evaluation?

4. Describe categories of GIS.

5. Explain data collection, data input, data analysis and data output modules in GIS.

6. Explain different methods of vector data storage.

7. (a) Describe any 2 surface water body mapping methods.

(b) Describe any 2 drought indices in detail.

8. Describe any 8 drainage morphometric parameters in detail.

Set No.2Code No. M0103

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(Civil Engineering)




*******

1. (a) Describe the procedure for parallax measurements for height.

(b) Explain different types of aerial photographs.

2. Explain these earth resource satellites

(a) Indian Remote Sensing satellite (RESOURCESAT) – P6(b) NOAA

3. List various image enhancement techniques and explain each in detail.

4. (a) What are the components of GIS.

(b) Describe any 8 fundamental operations of GIS.

5. Describe with neat sketch describe raster and vector data representation.

6. Describe Visual Analysis Methods (VAM).

7. Write a neat flow chart diagram explain the methodology in flood impact assessment and

monitoring using RS & GIS techniques.

8. Explain how Remote Sensing & GIS techniques are used in reservoir sedimentation.

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(Civil Engineering)




*******

1. (a) List various photogrammetric activities describe any one in detail.

(b) Explain how aerial photographs are used in stereoscopy.

2. Explain the following

(a) Radiometric resolution and temporal resolution.

(b) Energy interactions in the atmosphere

3. (a) Explain the basic character of digital image

(c) Write a note on geometric correction methods

4. (a) What are the components of GIS

(b) Describe any 8 fundamental operations of GIS

5. Discuss various types of Raster GIS models

6. Explain the following advanced tools of GIS analysis along with suitable examples

(a) Network Analysis

(b) Terrain Analysis

(c) Spatial Operation

(d) Proximity Analysis

7. Write a neat flow chart diagram explain the methodology in drought impact assessment

and monitoring using RS & GIS techniques

8. Explain how Remote Sensing & GIS techniques are used in identification of sites forartificial recharge structures for ground water development

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Code No: M0202/R05 Set No. 1

IV B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, March 2010POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS

(Electrical & Electronic Engineering)Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80

Answer any FIVE QuestionsAll Questions carry equal marks

1. Compare Ybus and Zbus along with applications? Explain why Ybus is more popu-larly used in CMPS? [16]

2. Derive expression for a partial network adding a link to form Zbus. [16]

3. Explain the Algorithm of GS method for load flow solution. Also discuss the effect

of acceleration factor on the same method. [16]

4. (a) Explain physically justifiable assumptions and additional assumptions utilizedin FDLF.

(b) Explain how computational burden can be reduced drastically of ∆V correc-tion variable is replaced by (∆V/V) in N-R Polar form. [8+8]

5. (a) Prove that Zpu(new) = Zpu(old)×(MV A)

Base(new)

(MV A)Base(old)

×(KV LL)

2Base old

(KV LL)2Base old

(b) Obtain pu impedance diagram of the power system of figure 5. Choose basequantities as 15 MVA and 33 KV.

Generator: 30 MVA, 10.5 KV, X

= 1.6 ohms.Transformers T1 & T2: 15 MVA, 33/11 KV, X = 15 ohms referred to HVTransmission line: 20 ohms / phaseLoad: 40 MW, 6.6 KV, 0.85 lagging p.f. [4+12]

Figure 5

6. Draw zero sequence network for the system shown in figure 6. [16]

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Figure 6

7. A 50 Hz generator delivers 1.0 pu power at 0.8 pf lag to an infinite bus as shownin figure 7.

(a) Determine steady state stability limit.

(b) If load increases by 2% what is the acceleration power

(c) If acceleration power in (ii) is constant for 0.1 secs find the rotor angle at theend of this time interval.

Inertia constant of the generator is 2.5 MJ / MVA. [16]

Figure 7

8. (a) State and justify the assumptions made in deriving swing equation.

(b) A generator having H = 6 MJ / MVA through a reactive network. Thegenerator is delivering power of 1.0 pu to the motor, when a fault occurswhich reduces delivered power to 0.6 pu. Determine angular acceleration of the generator with respect to motor. [6+10]

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1. For the given network shown in figure 1d connections form:

(a) Graph

(b) Tree

(c) Co-tree

(d) Cut-set. [16]

Figure 1d

2. Form the Zbus for the given network connections and remove the element-2, formthe Zbus using removal of element formulae (take bus 4 as reference): [16]

Self MutualElement Bus code Impedance Bus code Impedence

1 1-2 0.6

2 1-2 0.4 1-2 (1) 0.23 1-3 0.54 2-4 0.25 2-4 0.4 2-4 (4) 0.16 3-4 0.5

3. The YBus of a 5-bus system is (5×5)matrix. The system has an off nominal tapratio transformer between buses 3 and 5 as shown in figure 3 if the transformeroutage takes place, how are the YBUS elements are modified. [16]

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Figure 3

4. Explain step-by-step algorithm of N-R (Polar form) algorithm including P-V buses.[16]

5. (a) Prove that Zpu(new) = Zpu(old) ×(MVA)

Base(new)

(MVA)Base(old)

×(KV LL)

2Base old

(KV LL)2Base old

(b) Obtain pu impedance diagram of the power system of figure 5. Choose basequantities as 15 MVA and 33 KV.

Generator: 30 MVA, 10.5 KV, X = 1.6 ohms.Transformers T1 & T2: 15 MVA, 33/11 KV, X = 15 ohms referred to HVTransmission line: 20 ohms / phaseLoad: 40 MW, 6.6 KV, 0.85 lagging p.f. [4+12]

Figure 56. Draw negative and zero sequence networks for the system shown in figure 6. [16]

Figure 6

7. (a) A transmission line has generalized circuit constantsA = 0.93 + j0.016; B = 20 + j140.Find steady state stability limit if |V S | = |V R| = 220KV

(b) Define “synchronizing coefficient”. [16]

8. (a) What are the assumptions made in deriving swing equation.

(b) Explain point by point method of determine swing curve. [6+10]

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1. Form Ybus for the network by direct inspection method: [16]

Element Positive sequence reactanceE-A 0.04E-B 0.05A-B 0.04

B-C 0.03A-D 0.02C-F 0.07D-F 0.10

2. Form the Zbus for the given network connections (take bus 1 as reference). [16]

Self MutualElement Buscode Impedance Buscode Impedence

1 1-2 0.62 1-2 0.4 1-2 (1) 0.23 1-3 0.5

4 2-4 0.25 2-4 0.4 2-4 (4) 0.16 3-4 0.5

3. Explain clearly how the nodal admittance matrix of a system is changed when anon-load tap changing transformer is introduced in a line. Connected between twobuses. [16]

4. Derive N-R (Polar form) equations and N-R (Rectangular form) equations andexplain difference between these methods. [16]

5. (a) Justify the assumption that load currents and line charging currents are neg-ligible in short circuit analysis.

(b) What is short circuit capacity and derive an expression for SCcapacity?[10+6]

6. (a) Impedance of an component is given by

Z abc =

zaa zab zac

zba zbb zbc

zca zcb zcc

with Zab = Zba; Zbc = Zcb; Zac = Zca.

Find Z012.

(b) Power in a 3 phase circuit Pabc is expressed in symmetrical components P012.Show that Pabc = P012. [8+8]

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7. (a) Define steady state stability.

(b) Two turbo alternators with ratings given below are connected via a short line.

Machine 1: 4 pole, 50 Hz, 60 MW, 0.8 pf lag.moment of inertia 30, 000 kg-m2

Machine 2: 2 pole, 50 Hz, 80 MW, 0.85 pf lag.moment of inertia 10,000 kg-m2.

Calculate the inertia constant of single equivalent machine on a base of 200MVA. [16]

8. (a) What are the assumptions made in deriving swing equation.

(b) Explain point by point method of determine swing curve. [6+10]

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1. Prove Ybus =At[y]A using singular transformation. [16]

2. Derive expression for a partial network adding a link to form Zbus. [16]

3. Explain the treatment of PV buses in Gauss-Seidel load flow method. What is theeffect of Q-limit enforcement on rate of convergence of the method? [16]

4. (a) Explain FDLF method with importance of [B] and [B

] matrices.

(b) For the power system shown in figure 4b compute [B] and [B

] matrices.[6+10]

Bus code Impedances (P.u) Half line charging admittance (P.u)1-2 (0.06+j0.18) j0.0051-3 (0.02+j0.06) j0.0062-3 (0.04+j0.12) j0.005

Figure 4b5. (a) Derive an expression for Base impedance, given Base KVLL and Base MVA3−φ

(b) P.u impedance of a 3 phase transformer referred to LV is xT . Find pu im-pedance referred to HV side.

(c) P.u impedance of an element is Z pu on a given Base KVLL and Base MVA3−φ.What is its pu impedance on Base KVLL(new) and Base MVA3−φ(new).[4+6+6]

6. (a) Pabc is 3 phase power in a circuit and P012 is power in the same circuit in termsof symmetrical components. Show that abc = 012.

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(b) The line currents in a 3 phase supply to an un balanced load are respectivelyIa = 10 + j20; Ib = 12 - j10; Ic = -3 - j5 Amp. phase sequence is abc. Determinethe sequence components of currents. [8+8]

7. In the system shown in figure 7 a capacitive reactance of 1.0 pu is connected atbus 3. Determine steady state stability limit with and without capacitive reac-tance assuming internal voltages of generator and motor to be 1.1 pu and 1.0 purespectively. [16]

Figure 7

8. (a) Explain point by point method of solving swing equation.

(b) Explain methods of improving transient stability. [8+8]

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Code No: N0302/R05 Set No. 1

IV B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, March 2010CAD-CAM

( Common to Mechanical Engineering, Metallurgy & Material Technology,Production Engineering and Aeronautical Engineering)

Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80Answer any FIVE Questions


1. (a) How would you classify software?

(b) What are the automation achievements for the four types of production. [16]

2. Calculate the transformed (rotation of 300) coordinates of the following. A rectangle

of size 25 mm X 40 mm. [16]

3. What are the limitations in utilizing the sweep method for geometric construction?[16]

4. Explain the following facilities in Autodesk inventor with an exampleLine / spline, Circle / ellipse, arc, rectangle, fillet / chamfer, point, hole center,polygon, mirror. [16]

5. (a) Distinguish between NC tooling and conventional tooling.

(b) Describe the advantages of NC manufacturing. [8+8]

6. Develop the form code of the Optiz system for the parts shown in figure 6 figure6a. All dimensions are in mm. [8+8]

Figure 6

(a) Part drawing

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Figure 6a(b) Part drawing

7. What are the inputs required for MRP? Explain them. [16]

8. Why are not the JIT concepts implemented in Indian and Western foreign Indus-tries? Explain. [16]

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1. (a) What is the structure of a computing system?

(b) What do you understand by the CPU? [16]

2. An object is to be rotated about an axis parallel to X axis, but its origin passes

through a point (Xc

Yc

) Obtain the necessary transformation matrix in 2 dimen-sions. [16]

3. How do you model an object, which is irregular, as the blade of a propeller typewindmill? [16]

4. How do you plan for a drawing in AutoCAD. [16]

5. Explain the various stages involved in NC manufacturing. How do they differ fromtraditional manufacturing? [16]

6. How do you reduce the inter-cellular movement among Machine cells? [16]

7. A finished product X is assembled from 3 subassemblies: A, B and C. SubassemblyA consists of 3 units of D, 4 units of E and one unit of F. To make B, 1unit of Gand 3 units of H are needed. Subassembly C requires 2 units of J and 3 units of F.Component D requires 2 units of J and 1 unit of K.

(a) Construct the product structure tree for the finished product.

(b) Estimate the requirement of all items required to produce 200 units of X.

(c) If there are 50 units of A, 100 units of B, 150 units of D and 200 units of Jalready available in inventory, determine the net requirement of all items toproduce 200 units of X. [16]

8. Compare the JIT production system and Conventional system with respect to thefollowing:

(a) Quality control and Inspection and

(b) WIP inventory. [8+8]

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1. Briefly explain the various categories of manufacturing activities. Write down theadvantages to be gained by the adoption of CAM. What are the advantages to begained by the adoption of CAD? [16]

2. Explain the basic principle of

(a) the DDA algorithm and

(b) Bresenham’s algorithm for the linear interpolation for graphics terminals (Noderivation of the relations). Explain the relative advantages of the methods.

[16]

3. What are the types of surfaces that CAD/CAM systems use? [16]

4. (a) Why does circle trimming follow the counterclockwise rule?

(b) Give some examples where the layering concept is useful. [16]

5. (a) Explain the working of BTR type of interface used in DNC?(b) What are the differences between CNC and DNC? [8+8]

6. A GT machine cell contains three machines Machine 1 feeds machine 2, which is thekey machine in the cell. Machine 2 feeds machine 3. The cell is set up to producea family of five parts (A, B, C, D, and E). The operation times for each part ateach machine are given in the table below. The products are to be produced in theratios 4 : 3 : 2 : 2 : 1, respectively.

(a) If 35 hrs /week are worked, determine how many of each product will be madeby the cell

(b) What is the utilization of each machine in the cell? [16]

Part Operation time (min)Machine 1 Machine 2 Machine 3

A 4 15 10B 15 18 7C 26 20 15D 15 20 10E 8 16 10

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7. Explain the relative advantages and disadvantages of various layouts of FMS. [16]

8. How does Lean Manufacturing make a mass production system flexible? [16]

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1. (a) Describe the functioning of a central processing unit with the aid of blockdiagram.

(b) What is the importance of a CPU in a computing system?

(c) How do you distinguish between a CPU and a microprocessor? [16]

2. Briefly explain the various graphic transformations required for manipulating thegeometric information. [16]

3. What do we expect a geometric modeling system to accomplish, in a broad sense,in the total manufacturing scene? [16]

4. Explain linear, diameteral, radial and angular dimensioning in AutoCAD with aneat sketch. [16]

5. (a) In what way is the structure of NC machine tools different from conventionalmachine tools? Why?

(b) List the types of drives used for stepless control of NC machine tool spindles.

[8+8]

6. Four machines used to produce a family of parts are to be arranged into a GT cell.The From-To data for the parts processed by the machines are shown in the Tablebelow.

(a) Determine the most logical sequence of machines for this data using HollierMethod .

(b) Construct the flow diagram for the data, showing where and how many partsenter and exit the system,

(c) Compute the percentage of in-sequence moves and the percentage of back-

tracking moves in the solution.(d) Develop a feasible layout plan for the cell. [16]

From To1 2 3 4

1 0 10 0 402 0 0 0 03 50 0 0 204 0 50 0 0

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7. How does FMS differ from conventional manufacturing system? What is meant by‘flexibility’ in manufacturing system? [16]

8. What is meant by Kaizen? How is it implemented? [16]

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IV B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, March 2010OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS

( Common to Electronics & Communication Engineering and Electronics &Telematics)



1. (a) Discuss in detail various modes of propagation in an optical fiber.

(b) Light traveling in air strikes glass at an angle of θ1 = 330 where θ1 is measuredbetween incoming ray and glass surface. Part of beam is reflected and part isrefracted. If the refracted and reflected beam make an angle of 900 with each

other, what is the refractive index of glass? What is the critical angle of theglass? [8+8]

2. (a) Explain what is meant by the critical bending radius for an optical fiber.

(b) A single mode fiber maintains birefringent coherence over a length of 100 kmwhen it is illuminated with an injection laser source with a spectral line widthof 1.5 nm and a peak wavelength of 1.32 µm. Estimate the beat length withinthe fiber and comment on the result. [8+8]

3. Derive the expression for the relationship between material dispersion and wave-length of the optical fiber with suitable examples. [16]

4. (a) Discuss on light source materials.

(b) FWHM power spectral width LED‘s become wider at longer wavelengths.Justify this statement. [8+8]

5. (a) Define equilibrium numerical aperture.

(b) An LED with circular emission region of diameter 200 µm and an axial radi-ance of 100 W / cm2- Sr at 100mA drive current is coupled into a step indexfiber of 50µm radius and of 0.22 numerical aperture. Compute the power cou-pled into this step index fiber. Compute the % difference in coupled power if the radius of the fiber is halved.

(c) Calculate the power coupled from the source specified above into a parabolicindex graded-index fiber of 50µm diameter with n1=1.485 and ∆ = 0.01.[3+8+5]

6. (a) Define responsivity of an APD. List out the drawbacks of a Germanium APDfor use in digital fiber optic links.

(b) An APD with a multiplication factor of 20 operates at a wavelength of 1550nm. Calculate the quantum efficiency and the output photo current from thedevice if the responsivity due to primary photo detection is 0.6 A/W when1011 photons per second are incident on the device. Use the necessary physical

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constants listed. [8+8]Speed of light in vacuum =3 × 108 m/sElectron charge =1.602 × 10−19 CPlanck’s constant =6.6256 × 10−34 J-S.

7. (a) List and describe all the system considerations for selection of components inthe design of a fiber optic link.

(b) Describe a procedure to carryout the power budget analysis of a fiber opticlink. [8+8]

8. (a) Explain how mode filling during launching of optical power into a fiber effectsattenuation in a Fiber.

(b) Discuss the merits and drawbacks of cut back method of measurement of attenuation.

(c) Optical power output of a 2.8Km fiber is 10mW at 850nm wavelength. Theoptical power measured when the fiber is cut off to 20m is 128mW. Computethe attenuation (dB/Km) in the optical fiber at 850nm wavelength. Mentionthe conditions for attenuation measurement. [4+4+8]

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1. (a) Draw the block diagram of an optical transmission link and explain the func-tion of each element.

(b) Discuss the applications of optical fiber system. [8+8]

2. (a) What are macro bending losses and micro bending losses? Explain with suit-able diagrams.

(b) Determine the cut off wavelength for a step index fiber to suppart single modeoperation when the core refractive index and core radius are 1.46 and 4 µmrespectively with the relative index difference being 0.25%. [8+8]

3. (a) A given fiber has dispersion parameter D = 20 ps nm−1Km −1 and length L= 10 Km, laser with spectral half width δλ = 1nm is used as light source andan input signal (bit) duration ∆t1 = 1ns is introduced at the entrance end of the fiber. Calculate:

i. The percentage of output bit duration and

ii. The bandwidth length product of that fiber.

(b) What is mode coupling? Give the effect of mode coupling on dispersion ingraded index fibers. [8+8]

4. (a) What is a strip laser? Explain its function. Mention the advantages of thislaser.

(b) Write short notes on “Hetero junction structures”. [8+8]


(b) An LED with circular emission region of diameter 200 µm and an axial radi-ance of 100 W / cm2- Sr at 100mA drive current is coupled into a step index

fiber of 50µm radius and of 0.22 numerical aperture. Compute the power cou-pled into this step index fiber. Compute the % difference in coupled power if the radius of the fiber is halved.

(c) Calculate the power coupled from the source specified above into a parabolicindex graded-index fiber of 50µm diameter with n1=1.485 and ∆ = 0.01.

[3+8+5]

6. (a) List out and elaborate the desirable features of a photo detector to be suitablefor a fiber optic receiver.

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(b) Using necessary equations describe photo current generation and carrier mul-tiplication processes in an Avalanche Photo Diode detector. [8+8]

7. (a) Analyse the conditions for a fiber optic link to be categorized as dispersionlimited.

(b) A 90 Mbps NRZ Data transmission system uses a GaAlAs laser diode having2nm spectral width. The transmission distance is 7 Km over a graded -indexfiber having 800 MHz-Km bandwidth-distance product. Calculate the systemrise time if there is no mode mixing in the 7Km length of the fiber suchthat mode mixing factor, q = 1. The rise times of source with its drivecircuitry and detector along with associated receiver electronics are 12ns and15ns respectively. Material dispersion factor, Dmat is given as 0.08ns/nm-Km.

[8+8]

8. (a) Explain how mode filling during launching of optical power into a fiber effectsattenuation in a Fiber.

(b) Discuss the merits and drawbacks of cut back method of measurement of attenuation.

(c) Optical power output of a 2.8Km fiber is 10mW at 850nm wavelength. Theoptical power measured when the fiber is cut off to 20m is 128mW. Computethe attenuation (dB/Km) in the optical fiber at 850nm wavelength. Mentionthe conditions for attenuation measurement. [4+4+8]

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1. (a) Draw the block schematic of a general communication system and explain thefunctions of each block.

(b) Discuss briefly about the leaky modes and mode coupling losses in the fiberoptic communication. [8+8]

2. (a) Discuss mode cut off conditions in optical fibers.

(b) A single mode fiber has a beat length in the range 7cm to 1m. What rangeof propagation constant difference does this correspond to for an operatingwavelength of 1500 nm? [8+8]

3. (a) The zero dispersion wavelength for a single mode fiber is 1.3 µm with a disper-sion slope 0.1 ps m−2 km−1. Compare the total first order dispersion for thefiber at the wavelengths 1.25 µm and 1.55 µm. When the material dispersionand profile dispersion of the wavelength 1.55 µm are 12 ps nm−1 km−1 and0.3 ps nm−1 km−1 respectively. Determine the wave guide dispersion at thiswavelength.

(b) The polarization mode dispersion in an uniformly birefringent single modefiber is 250 ps km−1. Calculate the bandwidth and maximum bit rate thatmay be obtained on a 10 Km repeaterless link assuming that there is onlypolarization mode dispersion. [8+8]

4. (a) Draw the structures of fabry perot LASER diode and distributed feed back(DFB) LASER diodes. Compare them.

(b) Discuss the modulation capability of LASER diode. [8+8]


(b) An LED with circular emission region of diameter 200 µm and an axial radi-

ance of 100 W / cm2- Sr at 100mA drive current is coupled into a step indexfiber of 50µm radius and of 0.22 numerical aperture. Compute the power cou-pled into this step index fiber. Compute the % difference in coupled power if the radius of the fiber is halved.

(c) Calculate the power coupled from the source specified above into a parabolicindex graded-index fiber of 50µm diameter with n1=1.485 and ∆ = 0.01.

[3+8+5]

6. (a) Reason out if the two parameters, ’quantum efficiency’ and ’responsivity’ sig-nify the same properties of a detector diode.

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(b) A PIN diode is characterized by a quantum efficiency of 72% at a wavelengthof 900 nm. Calculate:

i. Responsivity of the PIN diode at 900 nm.ii. Received optical power if the mean photo current is 10 mA at 900 nm.

iii. Number of received photons for 1 mA mean photo generated current.[8+8]

7. (a) Explain various factors contributing to overall optical system rise time.

(b) Calculate the system rise time for a 6 Km fiber optic link of following specifi-cations. [10+6]

Rise time of the LED and its drive electronics = 14nsMaterial dispersion related rise time degradation = 21nsBandwidth of the optical receiver = 25MHz

Bandwidth-distance product of the fiber =400 MHz-KmMode mixing factor, q = 0.7

8. (a) Describe eye pattern technique to assess the performance of digital fiber opticlink.

(b) Explain in detail the operational principle, key features and benefits of WDMscheme in optical links. [8+8]

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1. (a) Give any three applications of optical fibers for instrumentation and explainthem with the necessary figures.

(b) Calculate the number of modes at 1550 nm and 1300 nm in a graded indexoptical fiber having a parabolic index profile, a 20 µm core radius, n1 = 1.48

and n2 = 1.46. [8+8]2. (a) What is cut off condition for mode propagation in optical fibers? Discuss.

(b) An optical signal at a specific wavelength has lost 55 percent of its power aftertraversing 3.5 km of fiber. What is the attenuation in dB/ Km of this fiber?

[8+8]

3. Derive and discuss the expressions for propagation and multi path dispersion of light through GRIN fibers. [16]

4. (a) List out the advantages of semiconductor laser diodes over LED, when usedfor fiber transmission.

(b) An LED is made with gallium arsenide dopped with aluminium and has anenergy band gap of 1.55 eV. What is its dominant emission wavelength.[8+8]

5. (a) With neat diagrams describe the power coupling from a Surface emitting LEDinto a multimode fiber.

(b) A GaAs source of 200 µm diameter active area and refractive index of 3.6couples power into an all silica optical fiber of 50 µm diameter and 1.458refractive index. Estimate the loss in power coupling due to area and refractiveindex mismatch between the devices. Express the loss computed in dB also.

[8+8]

6. (a) Describe important specifications of a semiconductor photo diode to be suit-

able for fiber optic communications.(b) Compute the range of quantum efficiency of an InGas PIN diode in the wave-

length range between 1200 nm and 1600 nm if the responsivity of the diodeis specified to be more than 0.6 A/W in the required wavelength region. Usethe necessary physical constants listed. [8+8]

Speed of light in vacuum =3 × 108 m/sElectron charge =1.602 × 10−19 CPlanck’s constant =6.6256 × 10−34 J-SBoltzman’s constant =1.38 × 1023 J/KBand gap energy of Gas = 1.15 eV at 300K.

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7. (a) Estimate the maximum possible link length for operation at 60Mbps and BERof 10−9 for the long haul single mode optical fiber system operating at 850nmand specified below.

Mean power launched from transmitter = -3dBmAttenuation in optical fiber cable = 2dB/KmLoss in all splices = 0.3 dB/KmConnector loss at the transmitter and receiver = 1.2dB/connectorReceiver sensitivity at 60Mbps for BER of 10−9 = -48dBmRequired safety margin = 8dB

(b) Is the above specified link attenuation limited for a 26 Km link length? If yes,suggest a solution for eliminating the limitation. [10+6]

8. (a) Describe insertion-loss method of measurement of attenuation in an opticalfiber with suitable schematics.

(b) Compare and contrast insertion-loss technique with cut-back technique of mea-surement of attenuation.

(c) What is a mode stripper? Explain the necessity of mode stripper in themeasurement of attenuation in an optical fiber. . [8+4+4]

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MOBILE COMPUTING

(Common to Computer science &Engineering, Information Technology,Electronics & Computer Engineering)




*******

1. a) Discuss the system architecture of GSM.

b) What are the drawbacks of mobile and wireless devices.

2. a) What is CDMA? Explain in detail.

b) Explain in detail about Demand assigned multiple access(DAMA).

3. a) Explain the registration of a mobile node via the foreign and direct registration

with the home agent.b) What are the requirements for a Mobile IP? Explain.

4. a) Explain the concept of Fast retransmit / Fast recovery in traditional TCP.

b) Explain Transmission/Time-out freezing approach.

5. a) Explain the concept Data hoarding with the help of a diagram.

b) Write brief notes on Data caching.

6. a) Explain Pull based data delivery mechanisms in detail.

b) Explain Directory and Hash based selective tuning techniques.

7. a) Explain in detail, properties of MANET.

b) Explain Dynamic source routing in MANETs.

8. Explain wireless datagram protocol and Transaction protocol.

Set No. 1Code No. N0504

1of 1




MOBILE COMPUTING





*******

1. a) Discuss in detail about GSM and its services.b) Write the applications and limitations of wireless networks and

mobile communications.

2. a) What is Spread aloha multiple access (SAMA)? Explain brieflyworking of SAMA.

b) Write short notes on classical aloha and slotted aloha.

3. a) Discuss about agent advertisement and delivery.

b) What is the purpose of DHCP? Explain client initialization via DHCP.

4. a) Explain Snooping TCP. What are its advantages and disadvantages.

b) Write brief notes on Fast retransmit / Fast recovery of mobile transport

layer.

5. a) Write in detail about cache invalidation mechanisms.

b) Explain the issues relating to quality of service in mobile networks.

6. a) Explain Pull based data delivery mechanisms in detail.

b) Explain index and distributed index based selective tuning techniques.

7. a) Explain routing complications in Mobile Ad-Hoc networks.

b) Describe security problems in MANETs.

8. a) Explain in detail about Wireless transport layer security.

b) Explain in detail about wireless application environment (WAE)

logical model.

Set No. 2Code No. N0504

1of 1




MOBILE COMPUTING





*******1. a) Explain about the protocol of GSM.

b) Explain briefly about architecture reference model of Mobile computing.

2. a) What is the reason for failure of MAC schemes in wireless networks?

What is done in wired networks to avoid this effect?

b) Explain packet reservation multiple access (PRMA).

3. a) Write detailed notes on IP encapsulation mechanisms.

b) What is reverse tunneling? What additional routes do packets take if reverse tunneling is required?

4. a) Write a brief notes on congestion control in traditional TCP.b) Explain Indirect TCP. What are its advantages and disadvantages.

5. a) Explain data cache maintenance in mobile environment.b) Explain Power – aware computing.

6. a) Write brief notes on communication asymmetry with the help of diagrams.

b) Explain interleaved Push – Pull based data delivery mechanism.

7. a) Write the differences between Ad-Hoc networks and other networks?

And explain the applications of MANETs.b) Explain dynamic source routing in MANETs.

8. a) Explain the architecture of WAP.b) Explain the wireless session protocol of the session layer.

Set No.3Code No. N0504

1of 1




MOBILE COMPUTING(Common to Computer science &Engineering, Information Technology,

Electronics & Computer Engineering)




*******

1. a) Explain the following.i)Handover in GSM ii) Security services in GSM

b) Explain high speed circuit switched data transmission approach.

2. a) Write short notes on concept of Multiple access control and explainits reference model.

b) Explain fixed TDM pattern and its advantages.

3. a) Describe data transfer from a mobile node to fixed node and vice-versa.

b) Write short notes on IPv6.

4. a) Write the differences between TCP and UDP.

b) Compare several enhancements to TCP for mobility.

5. a) List and explain the context types in context aware computing.

b) Write about the client server computing with adaptation.

6. a) Explain push based data delivery mechanisms in detail.b) Explain Directory and Hash based selective tuning techniques.

7. a) Describe the working of Mobile Ad-Hoc network.b) Explain Destination sequence distance vector routing algorithm in MANETs.

8. a) Define WAP and briefly explain about the features and characteristics of WAP.

b) Discuss about the wireless transaction protocol of the transaction layer.

Set No.4Code No. N0504

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IV B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, March 2010CHEMICAL ENGINEERING PLANT DESIGN AND ECONOMICS

(Chemical Engineering)Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80


1. What is HAZOP? Explain it by giving a case study in any process industry of yourchoice. [16]

2. Explain different items under service facilities contributing to fixed capital invest-ment. [16]

3. Explain the modular estimate and unit-operation estimate methods in estimatingfixed capital investment. [16]

4. Explain the following:

(a) Future worth

(b) Nominal Interest rate

(c) What will be the total amount available 10 years from now if Rs. 2,00,000 isdeposited at the present time with nominal interest at the rate of 10 percentcompounded semiannually? [5+5+6]

5. (a) Write abouti. Tax exemptions for dividends received

ii. Contributions

iii. Investment credit

iv. Capital gains tax

(b) Write about the major insurance requirements for manufacturing concerns.[8+8]

6. (a) Describe the sum-of-the-years-digits method for determining depreciation, withan example.

(b) The total value of a new plant is Rs. 2,000,000. A certificate of necessity hasbeen obtained permitting a write-off of 60% of the initial value in 5 years. Thebalance of the plant requires a write-off period of 15 years. Using the straightline method and assuming negligible salvage and crap value, determine thetotal depreciation cost during the first year. [8+8]

7. A company must purchase one reactor to be used in an overall operation. Fourreactors have been designed, all of which are equally capable of giving the requiresservice. The following data apply to the four designs:

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Design 1 Design 2 Design 3 Design 4Fixed-capital investment Rs.10,000 Rs.12,000 Rs.14,000 Rs.16,000

Sum of operating 3,000 2,800 2,350 2,100and fixed costs per year

(all other costs are constant)If the company demands a 15% return on any unnecessary investment, which of the four designs should be accepted? [16]

8. (a) What is optimum economic design? Illustrate the principles of an optimumeconomic design by means of an example.

(b) Describe the general procedure for optimizing a single variable, both analyti-cally and graphically. [8+8]

2 of 2







1. Discuss the maintenance of accounting records. [16]

2. Explain the factors affecting Investment and production costs. [16]

3. A plant operating at 100% capacity has a net profit of Rs. 40,000 with a 38% profittax:

(a) If the fixed costs are Rs. 1,10,000 and variable costs are 61% of the net sales.What is the break-even point? And

(b) If the variable costs are increased 10% per unit at operations above 100%capacity, what is the net profit for sales at 120% of capacity? [8+8]

4. (a) Interest effects in a small business

(b) Explain time value of money

(c) Interest in a large business. [6+5+5]

5. (a) Give the three different types of classification of taxes and discuss about them

in detail.(b) Explain

i. Carry-back and carry-forward of losses

ii. Excess profits tax

iii. Capital gains tax. [10+6]

6. (a) Distinguish between book value, market value and replacement value.

(b) The original investment for an asset was Rs. 10,000, and the asset was assumedto have a service life of 12 years with Rs. 2,000 salvage value at the end of service life. After the asset has been in use for 5 years, the remaining service life

and final salvage value are reestimated at 10 years and Rs. 1000, respectively.Under these conditions, what is depreciation cost during the sixth year of thetotal life if straight line depreciation is used? [6+10]

7. A company has three alternative investments which are being considered. Becauseall three investments are of the same type of unit and yield the same service, onlyone of the investments can be accepted. The risk factors are the same for all threecases. Company policies, based on the current economic situation dictate that aminimum annual return on the original investment of 15% after taxes must bepredicted for any unnecessary investment with interest on investment not included

1 of 2




as a cost. (This may be assumed to mean that other equally sound investmentsyielding a 15% return after taxes are available) Company policies also dictate that,where applicable, straight-line depreciation is used and, for time value of moneyinterpretations, end-of-year cost and profit analysis is used. Land value and pre-startup costs can be ignored.Given the following data, determine which investment, if any, should be made byalternative-analysis profitability-evaluation method of discounted cash flow.

In-vest- Total initial Working Salvage value Service Annual cash Annual cashment fixed capital at end of life, flow to expensesnum -capital . investment, service years project (constant-ber - investment, Rs. life, after taxes, for

Rs. Rs. Rs. eachyear),

Rs.1 100,000 10,000 10,000 5 See yearly 44,000

tabulation*2 170,000 10,000 15,000 7 52,000 28,000

(constant)3 210,000 15,000 20,000 8 59,000 21,000

(constant)*For investment number 1, variable annual cash flow to project is:year 1 = Rs. 30,000, year 2 = Rs. 31,000, year 3 = Rs. 36,000, year 4 = Rs.40,000,year 5 = Rs. 43,000. [4+12] *For investment number 1, variable annual cash flowto project is: year 1 = Rs. 30,000, year 2 = Rs. 31,000, year 3 = Rs. 36,000, year

4 = Rs.40,000, year 5 = Rs. 43,000. [4+12]

8. Solve graphically:The objective function is to maximize 3x1 + 4x2 subject to the linear constraints o2x1 + 5x2 ≤ 104x1 + 3x2 ≤ 10x1 ≥ 0, x2 ≥ 0. [16]

2 of 2







1. Compare the advantages and disadvantages of different types of heat exchangersused in chemical process industries. [16]

2. Write about the following:

(a) Cost index

(b) Engineering news - record construction cost index

(c) Chemical Engineering plant cost index. [5+5+6]

3. Describe the total manufacturing costs. [16]

4. (a) Interest effects in a small business

(b) Explain time value of money

(c) Interest in a large business. [6+5+5]

5. (a) Give the three different types of classification of taxes and discuss about themin detail.

(b) Explain

i. Carry-back and carry-forward of losses

ii. Excess profits tax

iii. Capital gains tax. [10+6]

6. (a) Distinguish between book value, market value and replacement value.

(b) The original investment for an asset was Rs. 10,000, and the asset was assumedto have a service life of 12 years with Rs. 2,000 salvage value at the end of service life. After the asset has been in use for 5 years, the remaining service lifeand final salvage value are reestimated at 10 years and Rs. 1000, respectively.

Under these conditions, what is depreciation cost during the sixth year of thetotal life if straight line depreciation is used? [6+10]

7. (a) Discuss about capitalized costs method for determining profitability.

(b) A company has three alternative investments which are being considered. Be-cause all three investments are of the same type of unit and yield the sameservice, only one of the investments can be accepted. The risk factors are thesame for all three cases. Company policies, based on the current economicsituation dictate that a minimum annual return on the original investmentof 15% after taxes must be predicted for any unnecessary investment with

1 of 2




interest on investment not included as a cost. (This may be assumed to meanthat other equally sound investments yielding a 15% return after taxes areavailable) Company policies also dictate that, where applicable, straight-linedepreciation is used and, for time value of money interpretations, end-of-yearcost and profit analysis is used. Land value and pre-startup costs can be ig-nored.Given the following data, determine which investment, if any, should be madeby alternative-analysis profitability-evaluation method of capitalized costs.

In-vest- Total initial Working Salvage value Service Annual cash Annualment fixed capital at end of life, flow to cashnum -capital . investment, service years project expenses-ber - investment, Rs. life, after (constant

Rs. Rs. taxes, forRs. each

year),Rs.

1 100,000 10,000 10,000 5 See yearly 44,000tabulation*

2 170,000 10,000 15,000 7 52,000 28,000(constant)

3 210,000 15,000 20,000 8 59,000 21,000(constant)

*For investment number 1, variable annual cash flow to project is:year 1 = Rs. 30,000, year 2 = Rs. 31,000, year 3 = Rs. 36,000, year 4 =Rs.40,000, year 5 = Rs. 43,000. [4+12]

8. Discuss the following:

(a) Generalization of strategy for linear programming.

(b) Solution of simultaneous equations using a slack variable. [8+8]

2 of 2







1. Explain the different stages in the plant design? [16]

2. What are the utilites? Explain their role in chemical processing and what categorythe cost of utilities to be included? [16]

3. Discuss the following:

(a) Depreciation

(b) Plant overhead costs

(c) Administrative costs

(d) Distribution and marketing costs. [4+4+4+4]


(a) Simple interest

(b) Compound interest

(c) Nominal and effective interest rates. [16]5. Self insurance is being considered for one portion of a chemical company. The

fixed-capital investment involved is Rs. 2,50,000, and insurance costs for completeprotection would amount to Rs. 2,000 per year. If self insurance is used, a reservefund will be set up under the companys jurisdiction, and annual insurance premiumsof Rs. 1,500 would be deposited in this fund under an ordinary annuity plan. Allmoney in the fund can be assumed to earn interest at a compound annual rate of 5%. Neglecting any charges connected with administration of the fund, how muchmoney would be deposited in the fund at the beginning of he program in order tohave enough money accumulated to replace a complete Rs. 2,50,000 loss after 10years. [16]

6. (a) Derive the expression for the asset value by the sinking fund method. Com-pare the salient features of sinking fund method with straight line method fordetermining depreciation.

(b) The original cost of a property is Rs. 30,000, and it is depreciated by a 6%sinking fund method. What is the annual depreciation charge if the bookvalue of the property after 10 years is the same as if it had been depreciatedat Rs. 2,500 per year by the straight line method? [8+8]

7. (a) Explain rate of return on investment for profitability analysis.

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(b) An investigation of a proposed investment has been made. The followingresult has been presented to management: The minimum payout period basedon capital recovery using a minimum annual return of 10% as a fictitiousexpense is 10 years; annual depreciation costs amount to 8% of the totalinvestment. Using this information, determine the standard rate of return onthe investment. [6+10]

8. (a) Discuss about the intangible and practical considerations in optimum design.

(b) Describe the general procedure for optimizing a single variable, both analyti-cally and graphically. [8+8]

2 of 2




IV B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, March 2010PC BASED INSTRUMENTATION

(Electronics & Instrumentation Engineering)Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80


1. What are the different components included on the motherboard of a PC. Drawtypical layout diagram of mother board and explain. [16]

2. (a) What are industrial signal controllers?

(b) What is SCXI? What are the appropriate analog inputs and digital I/O that

can be used with SCXI? [6+10]

3. (a) Explain how a single character can be returned from the key board in C .Writean example program.

(b) Explain how a string of characters can be returned from the key board in C.Write an example program. [8+8]

4. Discuss how relays are interfaced and controlled by PLC. [16]

5. (a) Explain programming of a PLC with an example.

(b) Explain a ladder logic diagram. [10+6]

6. Write short notes on the following: [8+8]

(a) Cascading counters.

(b) Combining counter and timer circuits.

7. Explain PLC analog output applications with examples. [16]

8. Explain HART protocol operation with neat block diagram. [16]

1 of 1








2. What is RS232C interface? Explain the advantages, limitations and specifications.[16]

3. What is assembly language programming? Describe in detail the Advantages anddisadvantages of assembly language programming. [16]

4. Discuss the function of various transducers and sensors and explain how they areinterfaced to PLC CPU. [16]

5. Draw and explain the ladder diagram to represent:

(a) A light is to come on if there is no input to a sensor.

(b) A motor is switches on by pressing a spring return push button start switchand the motor remains on until another spring return push button stop switchis pressed. [8+8]

6. Explain the PLC MOVE function and its applications. [16]

7. Explain PLC analog output applications with examples. [16]

8. Explain the applications of the following in process industries: [8+8]

(a) Field bus

(b) HART protocol.

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1. Explain computer interfacing for data acquisition and control in process controlinstrumentation. [16]

2. (a) What are I/O devices in Data Acquisition and Control system? Explain thefunction of I/O devices in detail.

(b) What are the guide lines to be followed in selecting the data acquisition &control? [8+8]

3. Explain how loops and nested loops are implemented in C programming give anexample for each. [16]

4. Describe the PLC output control of motors and motor starters. [16]



6. Describe the PLC digital bit Control system. [16]

7. Explain the characteristics of a P+D controller with an example. [16]

8. (a) Define state language programming of a PLC.

(b) Describe the four basic components of a step in a state language programming.[8+8]

1 of 1








2. (a) What are industrial signal controllers?

(b) What is SCXI? What are the appropriate analog inputs and digital I/O that

can be used with SCXI? [6+10]

3. Describe the how to use Configuration files and Device drivers in DOS. [16]

4. (a) what is the need for isolator? What type of isolator is used with PC basedinstruments?

(b) What is Sinking device and Sourcing device? How they are connected to powersupply. [8+8]



6. Write short notes on the following PLC counters: [8+8]

(a) Up-counters.

(b) Down - counters.

7. Explain discrete and analog operation of a PLC with examples. [16]

8. Write short notes on the following: [8+8]

(a) Field bus.

(b) HART protocol.

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IV B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, March 2010ADAPTIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS

( Common to Electronics & Control Engineering and Instrumentation &Control Engineering)



1. (a) Discuss about regulation of a quality variable in process control system.

(b) i. With an example, discuss about short period dynamics.

ii. Write about certainity equivalence principle. [8+4+4]

2. (a) Explain the time varying parameters, in model description.(b) Discuss about finite impulse response models. [8+8]

3. Consider the systemG(s) = G1(s)G2(s)where G1(s) = p

s+q, G2(s) = r

s+t, where p and q are unknown parameters and r

and t are known. Construct discrete time direct and indirect self tuning algorithmsfor a partially known system. [16]

4. Explain the design procedure of minimum variance and moving average controllers.Illustrate these controllers with suitable example. [16]

5. (a) Check whether the transfer function G(s) = s2

+6s+8s2+4s+8 is SPR.

(b) Explain how SPR for a system can be tested using Kalman-Yakubovich lemma.[8+8]

6. Show how Lyapunovs theory can be used to derive stable MRAS for linear systems.[16]

7. Consider a process described the transfer function G(s)= k1+sτ

e−sL. Obtain theamplitude margin for the system and show that it is identical to the setting obtainedby applying Zieler-Nichols rule. [16]

8. Explain in detail any two applications of gain scheduling. [16]

1 of 1








1. (a) With an example, explain the variations in disturbance characteristics in adap-tive control system.

(b) Write about the different types of controller structures.

(c) Write the different steps involved in construction of an adaptive control sys-tem. [6+5+5]

2. (a) With an example, discuss briefly how the precision of the estimate dependson the state of growth of regression vector.

(b) Discuss about statistical properties of least square estimation. [8+8]

3. (a) Explain self tuning regulator with the help of a block diagram.

(b) Discuss about minimum degree pole placement design with an algorithm.[8+8]

4. (a) Explain the properties of minimum variance and moving average self tuners.

(b) Explain about linear quadratic STR. [8+8]

5. (a) Explain Lyapunov stability. Also explain positive definite and semi definitefunctions

(b) Explain the methods for constructing Lyapunov functions. [8+8]

6. (a) Explain the adaptation of a feed forward gain.

(b) Describe the Error model of the form ε = G (P )

ΦT (t) (θ0− θ)

. [8+8]

7. (a) Define and explain the method of describing function.

(b) Prove that Γ=T/2

0

eAsdsB in a linear system with relay control. [8+8]

8. (a) Describe gain scheduling

(b) Explain the working principle of gain scheduling. [8+8]

1 of 1








1. (a) Explain the following:

i. Process description

ii. MIT rule.

(b) Write about different types of controller structures. [4+4+8]2. (a) Explain briefly the recursive least squares estimation.

(b) Differentiate between recursive least square estimation and extended leastsquare estimation. [8+8]

3. Consider the system G(s) = G1(s) G2(s)where G1(s)= b

(s+a);G2(s)= c

(s+d), a and b are unknown parameters and c and d

are known. Construct discrete time direct self tuning algorithm for the partiallyknown system. [16]

4. (a) Explain, how minimum variance controller can be interpreted as pole place-

ment controller.(b) Discuss about non-minimum phase systems. [8+8]

5. (a) State and prove Lyapunov stability theorem for time invariant systems.

(b) Explain methods for finding Lyapunov functions. [8+8]

6. With suitable explain diagram the MRAS for a first-order system. [16]

7. (a) Define and explain the method of describing function.

(b) Consider a system with relay feed in a relay auto-tuner with G(s)= kα

s(s+1)(s+α)

where k = 5, α = 10, d = 1 and uc = 0. Obtain the value of ultimae period

Tu, by describing function method. [8+8]8. Explain in detail any two applications of gain scheduling. [16]

1 of 1









(a) MIT rule

(b) Hyper state

(c) Underlying design problem

(d) Certainty equivalence principle. [4+4+4+4]

2. Consider the following model of time varying parameters:θ(t) = ΦV θ(t − 1) + V (t)Y (t) = ΦT (t) θ(t) + e(t)where V(t), t = 1,2, and e(t), t = 1,2, are sequences of independent, equally distrib-uted random vectors with zero mean values and covariance R1 and R2 respectively.Show that the recursive estimates of θ are given by∧

θ(t) =∧

θ(t − 1) + K (t){y(t) − ϕT (t)∧

θ(t − 1)}K(t) = ΦV P(t-1) ϕ (t-1) (R2 + ϕT ((t-1) P(t-1) ϕ(t-1))−1

P(t) = ΦV P(t-1) ΦT V +R1 - ΦV P (t-1)ϕ(t)(R2+ ϕT ((t)P(t-1)ϕ(t))−1+ϕT (t)P(t-1)ϕT

V .[16]

3. Consider the systemG(s) = G1(s)G2(s)where G1(s) = p

s+q, G2(s) = r

s+t, where p and q are unknown parameters and r

and t are known. Construct discrete time direct and indirect self tuning algorithmsfor a partially known system. [16]

4. (a) Explain indirect LQG-STR algorithm based on spectral factorization.

(b) Explain about indirect LQG-STR algorithm based on the Ricatti equation.

[8+8]5. (a) State and explain Lyapunov stability.

(b) State and prove Lyapunov stability theorem for time varying systems. [6+10]


(a) Augmented error

(b) MRAS using Lyapunov rule

(c) Positive real transfer function

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(d) Kalman-Yakubovich lemma. [4+4+4+4]

7. (a) Describe the function of realistic PID regulator.

(b) What are the several ways of auto tuning? [8+8]

8. (a) Gain scheduling can be regarded as adaptive controllers Justify.

(b) Gain scheduling can be used to compensate non-linearities - Discuss. [8+8]

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ADVANCED COMPUTATIONAL FULID DYNAMICS

(Aeronautical Engineering)




*******

1. Which averaging approach would you recommend for periodically forced unsteady

flows?

2. Discuss briefly Leap frog and dufort-frankel scheme.

3. Plot and explain application of the Lax-Wendroff method to the inviscid Burgers

Equation.

4. Write short notes on computing separated flows using the boundary layer equations?

5. Distinguish between simple transformation and generalized transformation?

6. Explain in detail the generalized coordinate approach the boundary layer for internal

of external flows?

7. Consider the Ordinary Differential equation

Determine the leading term of the local truncation error for this method?

8. In a flow generated by the incompressible boundary layer equation, it is often said

that the Reynolds number is of the order of 1/ 2. What is the basis for this statement?


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ADVANCED COMPUTATIONAL FULID DYNAMICS

(Aeronautical Engineering)




*******

1. Discuss briefly the Crank Nicholson scheme applicable to the boundary layer

equations.

2. Explain vortex panel method with the help of an example.

3. What is potential flow? Derive an equation for a potential flow past a symmetric

object.

4. Using vonNewmann stability analysis show that the first order upwind scheme is

stable for time step

5. Explain the difference between the following terms

(a) Consistency and Convergence

(b) Roundoff errors and Truncation errors

(c) Shock point and parabolic point

(d) Rotational Flow and Separational flow

6. What is geometric conservation law? Explain with an example. Mention its

advantages.

7. Explain Crank – Napoleon algorithm. Formulate Numerical solution for the unsteady,

incompressible and coutte flow.

8.

Solve the poisson’s equation using Finite Difference method.


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ADVANCED COMPUTATIONAL FULID DYNAMICS(Aeronautical Engineering)




*******

1. Find one of the roots of the following equation with your method of choice.

f(x)=x+12/tanx, the relative error in the root, between consecutive steps, should be

less than 10-6

2. Write exact linear stability condition for wave equation using Lax-Wendroff method

3. Using a Navier-Stokes formulation, derive the set of governing first order, non-linear

differential equations and interpret the physical meaning of the internal structure of a

normal shock wave. Consider appropriate limiting cases.

4. Define terms stability, consistency and convergence? Briefly discuss the stability

analysis with an example.

5. The unsteady motion due to the impulsive acceleration of an infinite flat plate in a

viscous incompressible fluid is known as the Rayleigh problem and may be solved

exactly. The equation that governs the velocity distribution is

where is

the kinematic viscosity. This equation is subject to the boundary conditions u(0,y)=0

u(t,0)=U t>0 u(t,�) =0 [NOTE: If the flow is 2-D, only the velocity component

parallel to the plate will be nonzero]

6. What is Reiman invariant equation? Explain the terms in detail.

7. Explain shock capturing methods and briefly discuss about the transonic shocks.

8. Discuss typical travelling problem for Burgers Equation


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ADVANCED COMPUTATIONAL FULID DYNAMICS(Aeronautical Engineering)




*******

1. Considering N-S equations in Cartesian co-ordinates without body forces as

Derive time-split procedure using explicit McCormack method.

2. Derive the Boundary Layer equations for a compressible fluid flow.

3. Using mac-cromach scheme and Dirichlet boundary conditions solve Burgers

equation.

4. Discuss LaxWandroff technique to solve hyperbolic PDE

5. Why turbulence models are used? Explain about two equation turbulence models

briefly.

6. Discuss continuity and momentum equation with Boundary layer approximation for

steady incompressible flow.

7. Using the conservation principles, “derive” the governing equation for the unsteady

potential flow of a compressible, inviscid gas over a two-dimensional body.

8. Using the method of characteristics to obtain the nozzle flow equations


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IV B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, March 2010BIO SENSORS AND BIO ELECTRONICS

(Bio-Technology)Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80


1. Narrate the various likely factors contribute for the biological material stabilizationin biosensors..

[16]

2. What are immuno sensors and detail about the steps involved in detecting pollu-tants in water by continuous flow fiber optic immuno sensors?

[16]

3. What is chronoamperometric technique?. How detectable chemicals of interest canbe intercalate into DNA and measured for concentration of genotoxic compounds.

[16]

4. Write the principle involved and fabrication of mechanical transducers. [16]

5. Give details about the estimation of creatinine in human serum using electropoly-merised perm selective films. [16]

6. Explain how impedimetric nano structured DNA based biosensors measures the

extent of DNA damage by various environment pollutants. .[16]

7. What are hairpin motifs? Explain their structural organization and mention theirrole in biocomputer assembly.

[16]

8. Explain the projections made by Creative Strategies International (CSI) for marketeconomics of photonic biomolecular computers.

[16]

1 of 1







1. Mention the factors which govern the performance and efficiency of biosensing de-vice.

[16]

2. What are microbial sensors? Explain the construction and operation of microbialsensors with suitable examples.

[16]

3. Illustrate with suitable examples the operation of various calorimetric transducerssystem for analyzing wide range of analytes.

[16]

4. Describe the fabrication of carbon paste electrode used in biosensors.[16]

5. Write the mechanism of oxidative damage to DNA by hazardous compounds. [16]

6. Write about the determination of organ phosphorous pesticides ‘Fenitrothion’ using

microbial based oxygen electrode.[16]

7. Mention several optimistic and pessimistic reasons of using DNA as molecular arrayand memory stores in biocomputational system.

[16]

8. Explain how the flipping of bactriorhodopsin could serve as memory stores underphotogenic conditions in biocomputers.

[16]

1 of 1







1. (a) Explain the principle involved in biosensors.

(b) Give an account of electronic nose.[8+8]

2. Detail then various methods available for estimating the precision, accuracy and

stability of enzyme sensors.[16]

3. Write in detail about various types of optical transducers and explain the principleof optical transducer based on their function.

[16]

4. Give details about the fabrication and working of surface transverse wave (STW)transducers. [16]

5. Explain how the concentration herbicides in plants can be estimated through quartzmicro fiber filter in optical biosensors. [16]

6. Give an account of potential applications of biosensors technology in analyzingvarious metabolites in food industry.

[16]

7. Explain the three step process of realized molecular implementation for a conceptualdynamic function.

[16]

8. Describe in detail the two light photosynthetic light systems themselves useful asprocessor in photonic biomolecular computers.

[16]

1 of 1







1. (a) Write in detail about several stability problems encountered during the oper-ation of enzyme based biosensors.

(b) Define shelf-stability and explain how one can improve the shelf-stability of biological material during the process of detection . [8+8]

2. Describe in detail the following:

(a) Immuno sensors based on label-free format.

(b) Importance of imaging ellipsometry system for pathogen detection.[8+8]

3. Give an account of various advantages and limitations of amperometric transducersystem.

[16]

4. Write in detail about the construction and operation of surface acoustic wave (SAW)transducers. [16]

5. Explain in detail about the estimation of glucose by electrochemical biosensors inblood samples from diabetics. [16]

6. Explain in detail the detection of air pollutants by using microbial biosensors.[16]

7. Explain in detail the strategies for development of bio molecular computers. [16]

8. Discuss in detail high complex behavior of photonic biocomputers systems basedon non linear dynamic mechanism.

[16]

EEE (PSA),ECE (OC),CSE&IT( MC)

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