eebc_-_qcvn_09-2013_-_en

SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAMIndependence - Freedom - Happiness

QCVN 09:2013/BXD

NATIONAL TECHNICAL REGULATION ON ENERGY

EFFICIENCY BUILDINGS

Hanoi - 2013

Unofficial translation - QCVN 09: 2013/BXD

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................................3

I. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS...................................................................................................................4

1.1. Scope...............................................................................................................................................4

1.2. Coverage..........................................................................................................................................4

1.3. Normative references......................................................................................................................4

1.4. Terms, definitions and symbols.......................................................................................................4

II. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS...............................................................................................................6

2.1.Building envelope.............................................................................................................................6

2.2.Ventilation and air conditioning.......................................................................................................9

2.3. Lighting..........................................................................................................................................15

2.4. Escalators and elevators................................................................................................................18

2.5. Electric power consumption..........................................................................................................18

2.6.Service water heating system.........................................................................................................20

III.MANAGEMENT REGULATIONS.........................................................................................................23

IV.IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGMENT...................................................................................................23

ANNEXES..............................................................................................................................................24

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QCVN 09:2013/BXD

INTRODUCTION

QCVN 09:2013/BXD - “Energy Efficiency Building Code” was developed by the Vietnam Association of Civil Engineering Environment, put forward by the Department of Science, Technology and Environment Department, and enacted by the Ministry of Construction under Circular 15 /2013/TT-BXD, dated on September 26, 2013. The National Energy Efficiency Building Code QCVN 09:2013/BXD shall supersede the Vietnam Energy Efficiency Building Code QCXDVN 09:2005 ratified under the Minister of Construction’s Decision 40/2005/QĐ-BXD of November 17, 2005.

The National Energy Efficiency Building Code QCVN 09:2013/BXD was developed with research inputs and contributions of international consultants from various external donors, including the International Finance Corporation (IFC), the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and the Danish Energy Agency (the Kingdom of Denmark).

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National Technical Regulation on Energy Efficiency Buildings

(NATIONAL TECHNICAL ENERGY EFFICIENCY BUILDING CODE)

I. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

1.1. Scope1.1.1 This National Technical Building Energy Efficiency Building Code provides mandatory technical standards to achieve energy efficiency in the design, new construction or retrofit of civil buildings (office buildings, hotels, hospitals, schools, commercial buildings,, services buildings, apartments buildings, among others), with a gross floor area of 2,500 m2 or larger.

1.1.2 The requirements of this Code apply to: 1) The building envelope, except envelopes of non-air conditioned storage space or warehouses;2) Equipment and systems in the building, including:

a) Interior lightingb) Ventilation and air conditioningc) Water heatingd) Energy management equipment, ande) Elevators and escalators.

1.2. CoverageThis Code provides statutory technical requirements applicable to all entities and individuals involved in activities pertaining to energy efficient buildings.

1.3. Normative references1) ARI 340/360 – Performance rating of commercial and industrial unitary air-conditioning and heat

pump equipment.2) ARI 365 – Performance rating of commercial and industrial unitary air-conditioning condensing

units.3) ARI 550/590-2003 – Performance rating of water-chilling packages using the vapor compression

cycle.4) ASHRAE 90.1-2001 – Standard 90.1-2001 (I-P Edition) -- Energy Standard for Buildings except

Low-Rise Residential Buildings (IESNA cosponsored; ANSI approved; Continuous Maintenance Standard).

5) SHRAE 90.1-2004 – Energy Standard for Buildings except Low-Rise Residential Buildings.6) DIN 4702-1 – Boilers for central heating; terms, requirements, testing, marking.7) ISO 6946:2007 – Building components and building element - Thermal resistance and thermal

transmittance - Calculation method.8) TCVN 298:2003 – Building components and parts – Thermal resistance and thermal conductivity

– Calculating methods.9) TCVN 6307:1997 – Cooling systems – Testing methods.10) TCVN 7830-1:2012 – Air conditioning equipment – Part 1: Energy efficiency.

1.4. Terms, definitions and symbols1.4.1Terms and definitions

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1) Cooling air saving system: including ducts and automatic controlling system that allow fans to drive cool air from outside into the building in appropriate weather conditions to reduce energy consumption for air cooling or when mechanical air conditioning is not needed.

2) Building energy cost: total annual cost of energy consumption for the building.3) Coefficient of performance (COP) – cooling: the ratio of the rate of heat removal to the rate of

energy input, in consistent units, to be verified based on existing national standards or designated operating conditions. COP is used to rate the efficiency of electricity-powered condenser air conditioner, including the compressor, evaporator coil and condenser coil. COP can also be used to rate the efficiency of water-cooled chiller (not including chiller pumps, condensed cooling water and cooling tower fans).

4) Coefficient of performance (COP) - heat pump: the ratio of the rate of heat output to the rate of energy input, in consistent units, for a complete heat pump system under designated operating conditions.

5) Overall thermal transfer value (OTTV): the total heat gain through the entire surface area of the building envelope, including opaque walls and glazing by every square meter of the building exterior surface area, W/m2.

6) Floor area of a particular space: the horizontal surface area of a specific space, measured from the interior side of the circumference walls or partitions, at the elevation of the working plane (0.8 m).

7) Radiation reduction coefficient of shading structures: the ratio of solar heat gain through windows, in case a window external shading system is installed, to that of windows without shading systems.

8) Overall heat transfer coefficient (Uo): the intensity of a time-constant heat flux going through a surface area unit of the enclosing structure when the temperature difference of the air on both sides of the structure is 1 K, measured in W/m2.K.

9) Total thermal resistance (Ro): the inverse of overall heat transfer coefficient Uo:Ro = 1/Uo, measured in m2.K/W.

10) Lamp efficiency: the ratio of rated light output to power consumption, measured in lumen/W.11) Efficiency of the ventilation-air conditioning systems: the ratio of output energy (useful energy at

the time of use) to input energy, in consistent unit, for a specific length of time, measured in %.12) Enthalpy recovery: the ability to recover cooling energy of air conditioning equipment, boilers

etc., resulting in energy efficiency.13) Annual energy consumption efficiency: the annual ratio of energy output to energy input of a

building or piece of equipment.14) Indirectly air-conditioned space: an enclosed space in a building that is indirectly cooled (rather

than directly cooled) and allows heat transfer therefrom to adjacent air-cooled spaces.15) Lighting power density (LPD): the ratio of electric lighting output to the illuminated area,

measured in W/m2.16) Daylight relay: a device that automatically turns on or off input energy for electric lighting,

located near windows to maintain appropriate working illuminance level when direct or indirect daylight fails to provide the desired illuminance.

17) Temperature control relay: an automatic temperature-sensitive device.18) Building envelope: building envelope or building enclosure consists of opaque or transparent

walls, windows, doors, skylights, among others, that form enclosed spaces within a building.

1.4.2 Symbols, measurement units and acronyms1) SHGC (Solar Heat Gain Coefficient): heat gain coefficient of glazing, published by manufacturers

or determined in accordance with prevailing standards, dimensionless. In case manufacturers avails of the shading coefficient SC, SHGC = SC 0.87.

2) SC: Shading coefficient;3) T: Absolute temperature, K;4) RO: Total thermal resistance (inverse of heat transfer ratio Uo) of enclosing assembly – m2 K/W;

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5) Uo: Heat transfer coefficient (including heat transfer through ambient air layers on both sides of the structure), W/m2 K;

6) Uo,M: Overall heat transfer coefficient of the roof assembly, W/m2 K;7) Uo,T: Overall heat transfer coefficient of walls, W/m2 K;8) AHU: Air handling unit;9) ARI: Air-conditioning and Refrigeration Institute;10) ASHRAE: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers;11) BEF: Ballast efficacy factor for fluorescent lamps, %/W;12) BF: Ballast factor, %;13) COPcooling: Air conditioner coefficient of performance – ratio of air cooling output to electricity

input, kW/kW;14) COPheating: Heat pump coefficient of performance – ratio of heat gain to electricity input, kW/kW;15) EER: Energy efficiency ratio of air conditioners – ratio of cooling output and electricity input,

kW/kW;16) FCU: Fan coil unit – thermal exchange system consisting of multiple plain or fanned tubal rows;

thermal carriers being cooled or heated water running inside the tubes to provide cooling/heating effects for a space; the FCU is the end-of-the-line component of a water-cooled central air-conditioning system with chillers;

17) IEER: Integrated energy efficiency ratio, kW/kW;18) IPLV: Integrated part load value, or in full term, integrated energy efficiency part load value;

kW/kW;19) OTTVT: Overall thermal transfer value for walls – the mean intensity of the heat flux transferred

through 1 m2 of exterior walls, W/m2;20) OTTVM: Overall thermal transfer value for roofs – the mean intensity of the heat flux transferred

through 1 m2 of roofing, W/m2;21) PIC: Power input per capacity – the ratio of energy input, in kW, to cooling output, in RT (ton of

refrigeration), kW/RT;22) VLT (Visible Light Transmission): the ratio of light passing through glazing materials, measured in

the amount of light energy that passes through glazing as a percentage of the light energy that directs on the glazing surface, %;

23) VRV/VRF: Air conditioning systems with variable refrigerant volume/flow;24) VSD: Variable speed driver;25) WWR: Window-to-wall ratio, dimensionless;

II. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS

2.1.Building envelope2.1.1 General requirementsThe building envelope shall be designed and constructed in ways shall guarantee:

1) Natural ventilation whenever exterior climate conditions allow;2) Sufficient insulation and minimum exposure to cold wind;3) Sufficient day lighting under normal conditions, while reducing solar heat gain into the

building;4) Choice of appropriate materials to improve energy efficiency for the building.

2.1.2 Requirements for building exterior walls and roofs1) All ground exterior walls (opaque parts of the walls) shall maintain a maximum overall heat

transfer value Uo.max no greater than, or a minimum overall heat transfer value Ro.min no smaller than the values specified in Table 2.1.

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Table 2.1. Thermal performance requirements for exterior walls

Areas Wall orientation Uo.max, W/m2.K Ro.min, m2.K/W

All areas All orientations 1.80 0.56

2) Requirements for flat roofs and roofs with gradient of less than 15 degrees:All roofs, including those with insulation, metal roofs and others shall possess an overall heat transfer value Uo no greater than, or total thermal resistance Ro no smaller than the values specified in Table 2.2.

Table 2.2. Thermal performance requirements for flat roofs

Area Uo.max, W/m2.K Ro.min, m2.K/WAll areas 1.00 1.00

Notes:1) Shaded roofs: If more than 90% of the roof is covered with a fixed

sunshade with ventilation, there is no need for insulation for such roof. The sunshade must be installed at a minimum clearance of 0.3 m from the roof surface to be recognized as having ventilation between the roof and sunshade (double-layer roof with an air cushion in between).

2) Flat roofs with reflective materials: Thermal resistance values Ro,min

provided in Table 2.2 may be multiplied by a coefficient of 0.80 for roofs designed with reflective materials, within a range of 0.70 0.75, to increase heat inflection for the exterior roof surface.

3) Roofs with gradient of 15 degrees or above: The minimum total thermal resistance or maximum overall thermal transfer value for roofs may be identified by multiplying Ro.min and Uo.maxvalues in Table 2.2 with a coefficient of 0.85 and 1.18, respectively.

3) Sizes of windows and skylighta) The gross area of vertical openable and fixed windows shall guarantee good ventilation and

day lighting.b) The overall thermal transfer value of walls and roofs shall guarantee:

- OTTVT for walls no greater than 60 W/m2;- OTTVM for roofs no greater than 25 W/m2.

c) OTTV values are determined using prevailing standards and technical guidelines.

4) Glazed windows shall be designed with applicable SHGC coefficients in lieu of the OTTVT referred to in 2.1.2 – 3) – b) above. SHGC of glazing shall be smaller or equal to the maximum allowed value, and glazing VLT shall not be lower than the VLTmin in Table 2.3.

Table 2.3. WWR-related SHGC for glazing

WWR, %

SHGCmax on 8 main orientations

VLTminN E or W NE, NW or SE, SW

S

20 0.90 0.80 0.86 0.90 0.7030 0.64 0.58 0.63 0.70 0.70

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40 0.50 0.46 0.49 0.56 0.6050 0.40 0.38 0.40 0.45 0.5560 0.33 0.32 0.34 0.39 0.5070 0.27 0.27 0.29 0.33 0.4580 0.23 0.23 0.25 0.28 0.4090 0.20 0.20 0.21 0.25 0.35100 0.17 0.18 0.19 0.22 0.30Notes:

1) If WWR does not match the values in column 1, Table 2.3, SHGC shall be determined through linear interpolation using the nearest higher and lower WWR values.

2) Glazing materials with SHGC values higher than the reference SHGC providing that sunshades with appropriate A coefficients are used to insure that the selected SHGC is smaller or equal to the reference SHGC multiplied by the A coefficient – see 2.1.2 – 5).

5) In case of building facades being installed with sunshades, SHGC values in Table 2.3 may be adjusted by multiplying them with the A coefficients in Tables 2.4 and 2.5.

Table 2.4. A coefficient for consistent horizontal sunshades placed on or above the upper window edge by a clearance d, with d/H < 0.1

R=b/HOn walls, facing 8 main orientations

N NE or NW E or W SE or SW S0.10 1.23 1.11 1.09 1.14 1.200.20 1.43 1.23 1.19 1.28 1.390.30 1.56 1.35 1.30 1.45 1.390.40 1.64 1.47 1.41 1.59 1.390.50 1.69 1.59 1.54 1.75 1.390.60 1.75 1.69 1.64 1.89 1.390.70 1.79 1.82 1.75 2.00 1.390.80 1.82 1.89 1.85 2.13 1.390.90 1.85 2.00 1.96 2.22 1.391.00 1.85 2.08 2.08 2.27 1.39Notes:1) Dimensions:b – reach of sunshade;H – window height;d – clearance from upper window edge to lower sunshade contact;b, d and H share the same dimension for length.2) Applicable for sunshades placed above the upper window edge by a clearance d, with d/H ≤ 0.1 – tolerance of less than 10%.

Table 2.5. A coefficient for consistent vertical sunshades placed on or next to a window side by a clearance e, with e/B < 0.1

R=b/BOn walls, facing 8 main orientations

N NE or NW E or W SE or SW S0.10 1.25 1.06 1.01 1.09 1.110.20 1.52 1.12 1.03 1.19 1.190.30 1.75 1.19 1.05 1.32 1.220.40 1.82 1.28 1.06 1.45 1.25

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0.50 1.85 1.37 1.09 1.64 1.280.60 1.85 1.47 1.10 1.82 1.300.70 1.89 1.59 1.12 1.96 1.300.80 1.89 1.69 1.14 2.13 1.300.90 1.89 1.82 1.16 2.22 1.301.00 1.89 1.96 1.18 2.33 1.30Notes:1) Dimensions:b – reach of vertical sunshade;B – window width;e – clearance from window side to vertical sunshade inner contact;b, e and B share the same dimension for length.2) Applicable also for vertical sunshades placed by a clearance e from the window side, with e/B ≤ 0.1, tolerance of less than 10%.

2.2.Ventilation and air conditioning2.2.1 General requirements1) Natural ventilation and mechanical ventilationFor every specific space, natural (passive) ventilation systems or coerced (active – mechanical) ventilation systems may be used. Natural ventilation systems used shall meet the requirements of 2.2.1 – 2).2) Natural ventilating systemSpaces are considered naturally ventilated if the following requirements are met:

a) Vent holes and windows may be opened outward with sizes no less than 5% of the floor area. Users may easily get access to these ventilation openings.

b) There are vent holes that may be opened on the roofs or walls that face the external on-coming wind sources. The ventilation openings have ventilating sizes of no less than 5% of the floor area. Users may easily get access to these vent holes which connect to the external air through openings with similar or larger sizes.

c) The accumulated size of the vent openings is no smaller than the gross area of the wind catchers.

3) Mechanical ventilating systemSpaces without natural ventilation shall be installed with mechanical ventilating systems to provide external air to every frequently occupied area through anair distribution piping system.

2.2.2 Requirements for ventilation-air conditioning systems and equipment1) General requirements

a) Equipment performance: air conditioning and water cooling equipment and systems shall ensure the minimum coefficients of performance (COP) in standard rating conditions, and not lower than the values provided in the following tables.

- Table 2.6: for electric air conditioners and condenser coils; - Table 2.7: for water cooling equipment;- Table 2.8a: for cooling towers;- Table 2.8b: for condenser units.

Notes:Apart from the cooling coefficient of performance (COP), refrigeration equipment is also reviewed for energy efficiency through the integrated part load value (IPLV) and integrated energy efficiency ratio (IEER).

b) Automatic timer: the following equipment must come with a timer or other control devices that may automatically turn the equipment on or off as set up.

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- Chillers;- Hot air systems;- Cooling tower fans;- Pumps with capacity equal or greater than 5 HPs (3.7 kW).

c) Piping insulation of cooling systems:Coolant ducts of air conditioning systems and chilled water piping of central air conditioning systems shall be affixed with a thermal insulating layer with thickness equal or greater than the insulation thickness values specified in Tables 2.9 and 2.10.

The insulating thickness (mm) provided in Tables 2.9 and 2.10 apply to thermal insulating materials with heat conductivity of 0.032÷0.04 W/m.K at a mean temperature of 24C. The minimum insulation thickness increases for materials with heat conductivity greater than 0.04 W/m.K or may decrease for materials with thermal conductivity lower than 0.032 W/m.K.

For insulating materials with conductivity outside the above mentioned range, the minimum thickness (bmin) is determined using the following formula:

bmin=r [(1+b0

r)λ /0.04−1]

(2.1)where,

bmin minimum thickness of the insulating layer, mm;r actual duct external radius, mm;b0 the thickness of the insulating layer listed in Tables 5.4, 5.5 and 5.6, with applicable

piping sizes,mm;λ thermal conductivity coefficient of replacement materials at the liquid applicable

temperatures, W/m.K.

d) Inlet and outlet air duct system insulation: inlet and outlet air ducts shall be affixed with an insulating layer with thickness equal or greater than the thickness values specified in Table 2.11. No insulation is required for air exhausts.

e) Testing and calibration: fans or pumps with capacity of 5 HPs (3.7kW) or higher shall have their designed flows calibrated in by calibrating speeds using multi-speed drives, twin-speed drives or variable speed drives (VSDs). Adjustment of fan and pump flow using flow-regulating valves shall be restricted.

f) Cooling tower fan control: heat extraction towers with fan motors of 5 HPs (3.7 kW) or higher shall be equipped with multi-speed drives, twin-speed drives or variable speed drives (VSDs).

g) Water cooling chiller system: water-cooled air conditioning systems shall be designed with variable flow rates using pumps with variable speed drives.

h) Buildings with central air conditioning must be equipped with enthalpy recovery systems. Equipment energy recovery efficiency shall be no smaller than 50%.

2) Supplementary requirements for mechanical ventilating and air conditioning systemsTo be qualified, mechanical ventilating and air conditioning systems shall meet the following additional requirements.

a) CO2 sensor: installed to increase the inlet air flow for standard zones with design area of less than 3 m2/occupant.

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b) Automatic timer: intermittent ventilating fans shall be equipped with timers or automatic controls that are able to set their own on/off and operational timings.

c) Piping welding and joining: inlet and circulating air ducts shall meet the requirements for joining air and fluid piping in line with existing regulations.

Table 2.6. Coefficient of performance for direct electric air conditioners

Type of equipment Cooling output

Min COP of air conditioners.

kW/kWTest procedures

Unitary air-conditioner - 2.30

TCVN 7830:2012and

TCVN 6307:1997Split air-conditioner

<4.5 kW 2.60

4.5 kW and < 7.0 kW

2.50

7.0 kW and < 14.0 kW

2.40

Air-cooled air-conditioner

14.0 kW and < 19 kW 2.93

TCVN 6307:1997or

ARI 210/240 19 kW and < 40 kW 3.02

ARI 340/360 40 kW and < 70 kW 2.84 70 kW and < 117

kW2.78

117 kW 2.70

Water-cooled and evaporating air-conditioner

<19 kW 3.35 ARI 210/24019 kW and <40 kW 3.37

ARI 340/360 40 kW and < 70 kW 3.32

70 kW 2.70

Air-cooled condenser units 40 kW 2.96

ARI 365

ARI 365

Water-cooled or evaporating condenser units

40 kW 3.84

Notes:1) Coefficient of performance of air-conditioners: COP = refrigerant output/power input (kW/ kW);2) Condenser units, including the compressor and condenser coils;3) Minimum coefficients of performance listed in the Table are calculated at 100% of refrigerant output. To calculate the coefficient of performance for AC units running for one year, ARI 340/360 uses the following equation:IEER = 0.020A + 0.617B + 0.238C + 0.125D (W/W)where,

IEER – Integrated energy efficiency ratio: coefficient of performance of AC units running for one year at various loads.A = EER –coefficient of performance of the AC unit (W/W) at full load;B = EER – coefficient of performance of the AC unit (W/W) at 75% load;C = EER – coefficient of performance of the AC unit (W/W) at 50% load;D = EER – coefficient of performance of the AC unit (W/W) at 25% load.

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Table 2.7. Coefficient of performance for chillers

Type of equipmentCooling output (kW) Chiller

coefficient of performance.

COPMIN. kW/kW

Input energy consumptionPICMAX. kW/RT

Electricity HeatAir-cooled chiller, electricAttached or separated condenser

All capacities 3.10 1.133 -

Reciprocating water-cooled chiller, electric

All capacities 4.20 0.836 -

Water-cooled rotary screw/scroll chiller, electric

< 528 4.45 0.789 -≥ 528 and < 1055 4.90 0.717 -

≥ 1055 5.50 0.639 -

Centrifugal water-cooled chiller, electric

< 528 5.00 0.702 -≥ 528 and < 1055 5.55 0.633 -

≥ 1055 6.10 0.576 -Air-cooled absorption chiller,single effect

All capacities 0.60 (*) - 5.860

Water-cooled absorption chiller, double effects


Absorber chiller, double effects, indirectly fired


Absorber chiller, double effects, directly fired


Notes:1) Source: ASHRAE Standard 90,1-2001; ASHRAE Standard 90,1-2004;2) (*) For absorption chillers, COP = Cooling output/Heat input;- Power input consumption: PIC = electricity input/cooling output in RT;- Refrigerant Ton (RT):1RT = 3.516 kW = 12000 Btu/h;3) To calculate the coefficient of performance for chillers operating in one year, ARI 550/590-2003 provides the following equation:IPLV = 0.01A + 0.42B + 0.45C + 0.12D (kW/kW)where,

IEER – Integrated energy efficiency ratio: coefficient of performance of cooling equipment for the accumulated operational time in one year on various loads.A –COP (kW/kW) at full load;B –COP (kW/kW) at 75% load;C –COP (kW/kW) at 50% load;D –COP (kW/kW) at 25% load.

Table 2.8a. Performance specifications for cooling towers

Type of equipment

Cooling output range

Rating criteria

Rated specifications Test procedur

eWater flow

throughput

Supplementary water flow

Fan output

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Cooling tower with draft fans and centrifugal fans

All capacities

Input water temperature:3

70COutput water temperature:

320CMoist air

temperature:270C

13 l/minute,

Tc

1.0 1.4 %Water flow

through condenser

35 40 W/Tc CTI

Notes:1) CTI – Cooling Technology Institute;2) Tc: condenser ton; Tc = RT 1.25 = 3.516 1.25 = 4.395 Kw.

Table 2.8b. Required specifications for condenser units

Type of equipment

Cooling output range

Rating criteria

Rated specifications Test procedur

eWind flow Fan Compressor

Air-cooled condenser units, with compressor

0.5500 RT

Input air temperature:

350C

1734 m3/minute

RT

75150 W/RT

1.01.3 kW/RT

CTC

Water-cooled condenser units

101600 RT

Input water temperature:

29.40COutput water temperature:

350C

Water flow9.08 11.40 l/minute RT

CTC

Notes:CTC – Cooling towers and condensersHVAC Equations, Data and Rules of Thumb, 2008, USA.

Table 2.9. Thickness of insulation for copper refrigerant conduits

Copper conduit diameter, mm

Air conditioned spaceApplicable conditions: t=26 ±2oC, φ= 60%

Refrigerant temperature oC2 -18 -30

Insulation thickness, mm6÷16 9 19 19

19÷25 9 19 1934÷54 9 19 2566÷80 13 19 25

105 - - 25

Copper conduit diameter

mm

Non-air conditioned spaceApplicable conditions: t =26÷32 oC, φ = 85%

Refrigerant temperature oC2 -18 -30

Insulation thickness, mm

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6÷16 25 38 5019÷25 32 50 5034÷54 32 50 5766÷80 32 50 64

105 - - 70

Copper conduit diameter

mm

Applicable conditions: t = 32÷37 oC, φ = 60%Refrigerant temperature oC

2 -18 -30Insulation thickness, mm

6÷16 25 38 5019÷25 32 50 5034÷54 32 50 6466÷80 32 57 70

105 - - 76Notes:1) t – Exterior air temperature, oC;2) The above insulation thickness applies to copper refrigerant (fluid, gas) conduits;3) The thickness of the insulation (mm) given in the Table apply to insulating materials with thermal conductivity λ within a range of 0.032 ÷ 0.04 W/m.K at an average temperature of 24C. The minimum thickness of the insulating layer shall increase with materials having thermal conductivity higher than 0.04 W/m.K or decrease with materials having thermal conductivity less than 0.032 W/m.K and is adjusted using equation (5.1).

Table 2.10. Thickness of insulation for cooled water conduits

Steel pipe diameter, mmAir conditioned space

Applicable conditions: t=26 ±2oC, φ= 60%Cooled water temperature,oC

7÷12Insulation thickness, mm

20÷50 1650÷75 1675÷150 19150÷250 19250÷600 25

Steel pipe diameter, mmNon-air conditioned space

Applicable conditions: t =26÷37oC, φ = 85%Cooled water temperature,oC

7÷12Insulation thickness, mm

20÷50 2550÷75 2575÷150 30150÷250 30250÷600 38Notes:

1) For steel pipes with diameters listed in the table being rated diameters (IPS - Iron pipe standard);

2) The insulation thickness of steel pipes may apply also to PE, PPR and PN16 plastic pipes. In case of PE and PPR plastic pipes, the diameter values listed in the Table are outside diameters.

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3) The thickness of the insulating layer (mm) given in Table 5.5 apply to insulating materials with thermal conductivity λ within a range of 0.032 ÷ 0.04 W/m.K at an average temperature of 24C. The minimum thickness of the insulating layer shall increase with materials having thermal conductivity higher than 0.04 W/m.K or decrease with materials having thermal conductivity less than 0.032 W/m.K and is adjusted using equation (2.1).

Table 2.11. Thickness of insulation for air ducts

Air conditioned spaceApplicable conditions: t=26 ±2oC, φ= 60%

Cooled air temperature, oC 12÷16Insulation thickness, mm 15

Non-air conditioned spaceApplicable conditions: t =26÷37 oC, φ = 85%

Cooled air temperature, oC 12÷16Insulation thickness, mm 20

Notes:The thickness of insulation (mm) given in the Table apply to porous polymer, close-compartment structured insulating materials with thermal conductivity λ within a range of 0.032 ÷ 0.04 W/m.K at a mean temperature of 24C. The minimum thickness of insulation shall increase with materials having thermal conductivity higher than 0.04 W/m.K or decrease with materials having thermal conductivity less than 0.032 W/m.K and is adjusted using equation (2.1).

2.3. Lighting2.3.1 General provision1) ScopeThis section provides limits for the maximum allowable lighting output needed for the building lighting system as well as limits on the acceptable performance of commonly used lighting components (lamps and ballasts) and lighting control systems. The following categories do not fall under the requirements of this section:

a) Lighting designed for theatrical performance, television shows, different parts of recreation facilities, including hotel ballrooms, dance clubs, and areas where lighting is a vital technical part of the show functions;

b) Specialized medical lighting;c) Special lighting for research laboratories;d) Safety lighting that automatically switches on and off during operation;e) Lighting in special security zones as required by the law or local governments;f) Safety or security zones for humans that need auxiliary lighting.

2) Minimum illuminanceThe minimum illuminance (lux) for functional spaces shall meet the requirements of prevailing technical standards.

3) Maximum lighting power densitya) The mean lighting power density (LDP) of an entire building shall not exceed the maximum

allowed limits listed in Table 2.12. The mean lighting power density of a building equals the total lighting output of the building divided by the total occupied area.

Table 2.12. Mandatory requirements for lighting power density (LPD)

Type of building LPD (W/m2)

15


Offices 11

Hotels 11

Hospitals 13

Schools 13

Commercial and services buildings 16

Apartments 8

Enclosed, in-house, basement car parks 3

Outdoor or open (roofed only) car parks 1.6

b) Other types of buildings with sizes subject to the restrictions of this Code but not listed in Table 2.12 above may apply maximum values of lighting power density of up to 13 W/m2.

c) For mixed-use buildings with sizes subject to the restrictions of this Code and various different functional areas, the functional use of each area shall be accounted for, with each of the areas complying with the maximum lighting power density values listed in Table 2.12 above.

d) The mean lighting power density for parking lots is calculated by dividing the total lighting power by the gross area of the parking lot.

2.3.2 Requirements on lighting equipment performance1) Minimum lamp performance is defined in Tables 2.13 and 2.14.

Table 2.13. Minimum illuminating performance of linear fluorescent lamps

Rated lamp power, W Rated illumination efficiency, lm/W

14-20 7220-40 78

Table 2.14. Minimum illuminating performance of compact fluorescent lamps

Rated lamp power, W Rated illumination performance, lm/W5-8 559-14 6015-24 6525-60 70

2) Ballast efficacy values are listed in Table 2.15.

Table 2.15. Electronic ballast efficacy

Nominal output, W Ballast efficacy factor (BEF), %/W18 5.51820 5.049

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QCVN 09:2013/BXD

22 4.61930 3.28132 3.04336 2.68140 2.473

2.3.3 Lighting controls1) Lighting controls for different building spacesEvery space enclosed with ceiling-height partitions is a separate space that needs at least one lighting control device. Each of these lighting control devices shall be actuated manually or by automatic sensors for occupants in such space. Each control device must:

a) Cover a maximum floor area of 100 m2

b) The spaces specified in Table 2.16 shall to be installed with occupancy sensors, which directly connect to and control the lighting system. Occupancy sensors controlling lamps shall not be connected to the exit lighting and security lighting systems.

Table 2.16. Buildings for which occupancy sensors are required

Type of building Application To be used in

Offices Mandatory Conference rooms and passageways

Hotels Mandatory Conference rooms and passageways

Hospitals OptionalSchools Mandatory In-house parking lots and

passagewaysCommercial and services buildings

Optional

Apartments Mandatory Passageways and in-house parking lots

d) For parking lots, at least 70% of the lighting system shall be controlled through occupancy sensors (proportion of the system in terms of lighting consumption power).

2) Controls for day-lit areasArtificial lighting designs for day-lit enclosed spaces need to take into account the following considerations:

a) Potentially day-lit areas are spaces parallel to windows/exterior glazing within a distance from the window/exterior glazing of up to 1.5 times the height from the floor to the tip of the window glass area or exterior glazing.

b) All lighting equipment in potentially day-lit areas may be installed with lighting control devices in ways that allow:

- Automatic photosensor to be used to control lamp dimming or turn lamps on and off depending on the level of natural illuminance received. Photosensor shall be positioned at half the depth of potentially day-lit areas. When natural light measured by the sensors at beyond the standard preset level for the occupant space (e.g. 300 lux for offices), the sensors should trigger lamp switch-off.

- Stand-alone lamps to be turned on at potentially day-lit areas independently from the public lighting system.

c) In respect of the design for areas using concurrently occupancy sensors and photosensors, the occupancy sensors shall be prioritized over photosensors for lighting control.

17


d) Hospitals, apartment buildings and hotel rooms are not mandatorily required to apply the requirements of 2.3.3.

e) Spaces designed for special uses are exempted from the requirements of 2.3.3 – 2), providing that the designer presents detailed justification.

3) Auxiliary lighting controlsAuxiliary controls for light on/off switching installed in fixed positions underneath decks, shelves, cabinets and so on shall be used in the following events:

a) Lighting for hotel, guesthouse rooms and luxurious guestrooms;b) Display lighting in shops or for demonstration.

2.4. Escalators and elevators2.4.1 EscalatorsEscalators must be fitted with controls to reduce speed or to stop when no traffic is detected. Escalators shall be designed with energy savings features as described below:

1) Reduced speed control: the escalator shall change to a slower speed when no activity has been detected for a period of a maximum of three minutes. Detection shall be by photocell activation at the top and bottom landing areas.

2) Use on demand: the escalator shall shut down when no activity has been detected for a period of a maximum of fifteen minutes. Use on demand escalators must be designed with energy efficient soft start technology. The escalator shall start automatically when required. The activation shall be by photocells installed in the top and bottom landing areas.

2.4.2 Elevators (lifts)Elevators (lifts) must be provided with controls to reduce the energy demand. To meet this requirement, the following features must be incorporated in traction drive elevators:

1) Use of AC Variable-Voltage and Variable-Frequency drives on non-hydraulic elevators.2) The lift car uses energy-efficient lighting and display lighting i.e. an average lamp efficacy,

across all fittings in the car, of >55 lamp lumens/circuit watt and lighting switches off after the lift has been inactive for a maximum period of five minutes.

3) Elevators shall operate in a stand-by condition during off-peak periods. For example, the power side of the lift controller and other operating equipment such as lift car lighting, user displays and ventilation fans switch off when the lift has been inactive for a maximum period of five minutes.

2.5. Electric power consumption2.5.1 Electrical distribution system1) MeasurementBuilding electrical distribution system shall be equipped with attached metering instruments to record energy demand (kVA), power consumption (kWh), and total loads on electricity meters. Electrical distribution systems in buildings shall be designed so that energy consumption at end-use loads can be check-metered. Check-metering is required for load facilities with total installed power consumption of over 100 kVA, including lighting and socket outlets, air conditioning system, ventilation, hot water system and other load centers of over 100 kVA.2) SubmeteringSub-metering for each tenant and a provision to permit check-metering the tenant load shall be in place.

Notes: Shared (central) air-conditioning systems need not meet these tenant check-metering requirements.

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QCVN 09:2013/BXD

3) Power factor correctionAll 3-phase electricity supplies exceeding 100 A shall maintain a power factor between 0.90 lag and unity at the point of connection.

4) Adjustment of installed powerElectrical systems in a building shall be estimated, designed and operated to provide the maximum concurrent load factor possible as specified in Table 2.17 and the highest allowed installed power as specified in Table 2.18.

Table 2.17. Maximum concurrent load factor ks, by points of use

End-use load Concurrent load factor ks

Lighting 0.9Socket outlets 0.4Air conditioning, ventilation 0.9Hot water system 0.9Other major load centers 0.9Entire building 0.8

Table 2.18. Maximum allowed installed power

Type of building Installed power, W/m2

Upscale apartment buildings 70Hotels 80Offices, public use buildings 75Commercial, service, public service buildings 65Schools, hospitals 65

2.5.2 Electric motorsAll permanently wired 3-phase induction motors that are used in the building shall have a nominal full-load motor efficacy of no less than the values required in Table 2.19. The manufacturer’s labels on the motors must provide minimum efficacy, nominal efficacy and outputs at full load.

Table 2.19. Minimum efficacy for electric motors

Motor output, kWkW

Required efficacy, %

2-pole 4-pole1.1 82.2 83.8

1.5 84.1 85.0

2.2 85.6 86.4

3.0 86.7 87.4

4.0 87.6 88.3

5.5 88.5 89.2

7.5 89.5 90.1

11.0 90.6 91.0

15.0 91.3 91.8

19


18.5 91.8 92.2

22.0 92.2 92.6

30.0 92.9 93.2

37.0 93.3 93.6

45.0 93.7 93.9

55.0 94.0 94.2

75.0 94.6 94.790.0 95.3 95.1110.0 95.4 95.6

132.0 95.5 95.7

160.0 95.8 95.8

200.0 96.1 95.9

250.0 96.2 96.1

280.0 96.3 96.4

315.0 96.4 96.5

355.0 96.5 96.6

400.0 96.7 96.7

450.0 96.7 96.8

500.0 96.8 96.9

560.0 96.9 97.0

630.0 96.9 97.1

Notes: Motors with outputs in between two numbers shall adopt the higher efficacy value.

2.6.Service water heating system2.6.1 General requirementsDesigned loads for service water heating systems shall be calculated based on system sizing and follow the manufacturers’ recommendations.

In case other (non-resistance) service water heating solutions of higher efficiency are available, resistance-based service water heating systems shall not be allowed.

Buildings in need of high, concentrated service water heating with installation input of over 50 kW or power consumption of over 50,000 kWh/year are not allowed to use resistance-based service water heating solutions.

Order of priority for civil buildings:1) Temperature range ≤60oC

a) Service water heating using heat recovery air conditioning;b) Service water heating using solar power combined with heat pumps/electric heaters;c) Service water heating using heat pumps;d) Service water heating using gas water heaters;e) Service water heating using electric heaters for buildings with less than 25 rooms.

2) Temperature range ≥ 115oC (cooking, washing, disinfection, sauna)

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QCVN 09:2013/BXD

For buildings in concurrent needs of hot water of ≤ 600C (for household uses) and hot water/steam of ≥1150C (for cooking, laundering, sauna and disinfection), priorities shall be given to water heating up to 600C, before further heating the water or steam up to ≥1150C using gas or fuel oil-fired heaters.

2.6.2 Water heating equipment efficacyAll water heating and supply equipment used internally for heating potable water, keeping warm, hot swimming pool and hot water storage tanks shall meet the requirements listed in Table 2.20. For heat pump water heaters, refer to Table 2.21.

Table 2.20.Minimum efficacy for water heating equipmentEquipment type Minimum efficiency ET, %1. Gas-fired storage water heaters 782. Gas-fired instantaneous water heaters 783. Gas-fired hot water supply boilers 774. Fuel oil-fired hot water heaters and supply systems 805. Duel fuel gas/oil-fired hot water supply boilers 806. Firewood/paper-fired boiler of 10÷350 kW output 60*)7. Boilers of 10÷2000 kW, burnt with molded brown coal 70*)8.Pitcoal-fired boilers of 10÷2000 kW 73*)Notes:1. The minimum efficiency for oil or gas-fired water heaters is given in terms of Thermal efficiency (ET), which includes thermal losses from the heater shell.2. *) According to DIN 4702 – Part 1 (DIN – German standards).

Efficacy for electric resistance-based water heaters in particular is given in terms of maximum Standby loss (SL), where a 40°C temperature difference between stored water and ambient requirements exists, and is determined using the equation:Emin = 5.9 + 5.3V0.5, W (2.2)Where

-V is volume in liters.

Table 2.21. Minimum coefficient of performance - COP for water heating heat pumps

Equipment type COP, kW/kWAir-heated heat pumps ≥ 3.0Water-heated heat pumps ≥ 3.5Heat recovery air conditioners

- Hot water supply only- Air conditioning and hot water supply

≥ 3.0≥ 5.5

Electric resistance-based water heating equipment is not recommended except for supporting solar power systems. Electric heat pump water heating equipment with higher energy efficiency than electric resistance-based water heaters is recommended.

Where eligible, solar powered service water heating systems may be used to meet all or part of water heating needs for the building. Solar powered water heaters shall have at least 60% efficacy and minimum thermal insulation R of 2.2 m2.K/W at the back of the solar panels.

2.6.3 Service water heating piping insulationThe following hot water piping shall be insulated.

1) Steam piping serving such needs as laundry, cooking etc.

21


2) Hot water piping for bath, keeping warm, cooking etc.

The insulation thickness of the piping shall be equal or greater than the insulation thicknesses listed in Tables 2.22 and 2.23.

Table 2.22. Insulation thickness for hot water steel piping

Pipe size

Air temperature; t = 5 37oC

Hot water temperature (oC)

≥ 115 50÷90

mm Insulation thickness (mm)

20÷50 50 20

65÷80 50 20

90÷150 63 25

200÷250 63 25

Notes:1. Insulating materials shall have conductivity of 0.06 ÷ 0.07 W/m.K, applicable to 115oC.2. Closed particle structured, porous polymer insulating materials with thermal conductivity λ of 0.032 ÷ 0.04 W/m.K adopt the temperature range of 5090oC.3. The insulation thicknesses in Table 2.22 shall ensure that the exterior temperature is lower than 43oC.4. For insulating materials with conductivity outside the above mentioned range, the minimum thickness (bmin) is determined using equation (2.1).

Table 2.23. Insulation thickness for PPR, PE hot water piping

Outer diameter of PN20/ PN25 plastic pipesConductivity 0.2 W/mK

Air temperature; t = 5 37oC

mmHot water temperature (oC)

50÷9020 50 1665 1980 125 25Notes:1) For residential buildings, insulation may be optional for PPR hot piping.2) Insulating materials shall maintain conductivity of 0.034 ÷ 0.04 W/m.K.3) For insulating materials with conductivity outside the above mentioned range, the minimum thickness (bmin) is determined using formula (2.1).

2.6.4 Service water heating system controls1) Temperature controls shall be provided to limit point-of-use water temperatures not to

exceed 50°C.

2) Temperature controls shall be provided to limit the maximum temperature of water delivered to wash basin faucets in public restrooms up to 43°C.

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QCVN 09:2013/BXD

3) Systems designed to maintain usage temperatures in hot water pipes shall be equipped with automatic ON/OFF switches that can be set to maintain desirable temperatures for recirculating hot water.

4) Recirculating pumps used to maintain storage tank water temperatures shall be controlled in ways to operate in harmony with the operating mode of the service water supply system.

III.MANAGEMENT REGULATIONS3.1. Design documentations of newly developed, reconditioned and retrofitted buildings with sizes subject to the scope of QCVN 09:2013/BXD shall include a narrative demonstration of compliance with the requirements of this Code.

3.2. Review and assessment of building designs shall be done in accordance with prevailing rules, including verification of compliance with the requirements of QCVN 09:2013/BXD for buildings that fall under the scope of this Code.

IV.IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGMENT4.1. The Department of Science,-Technology and Environment (Ministry of Construction) is responsible for popularizing and providing the implementation guidelines for QCVN 09:2013/BXD to interested parties.

4.2. Local regulators shall monitor compliance with the requirements of QCVN 09:2013/BXD for building design and construction works taking place in their jurisdictions and in accordance with the existing laws.

4.3. Any concerns that may arise during the adoption of this Code may be relayed to the Department of Science, Technology and Environment (Ministry of Construction) for guidance and responses.

23


ANNEXES(For reference)

PHYSICAL SPECIFICATIONS OF MATERIALS, COMPOSITION AND THERMAL RESISTANCE CALCULATION FOR ENCLOSING ASSEMBLIES

1. Equation for the calculation of thermal resistance and overall heat transfer coefficient (U-value) of enclosing assembly

Ro=1

hN

+ ∑1

n bi

λi

+ Ra + 1hT , m2.K/W (1)

where:hN , hT – respectively, the heat transfer coefficients of outer and inner surfaces of building envelope, W/m2.K ;bi - thickness of ith material layer, m;i - thermal conductivity of the ith material layer of the enclosing assembly, W/m.K;n - number of material layers in the enclosing assembly;Ra - thermal resistance of the air layer inside the enclosing assembly, if any, m2.K/W .

Uo=1

Ro , W/m2.K (2)where:

Thermal conductivity I listed in Table 1.See Table 3 for hN and hT.See Table 4 for the thermal resistance of air layer Ra.

2. Key parameters needed for building envelope calculations

Table 1. Physical specifications of building materials

Name of materials Unit weight, kg/m3

Thermal conductivity ,W/m.K

Specific heat

capacity, kJ/kg.K

Moisture conductivity mg/m.h.kPa

I. Asbestos-based materialsAsbestos-cement boards and panels 1900 0.35 0.84 0.03Asbestos-cement insulating boards 500 0.13 0.84 0.39Asbestos-cement insulating boards 300 0.09 0.84 -

II. Concrete panelsSteel-net cement roof tile 2500 - 0.84 0.00Reinforced concrete 2400 1.55 0.84 0.03Broken rock and macadam concrete 2200 1.28 1.21 0.05Broken brick concrete 1800 0.87 0.84 0.07Light concrete (cinder concrete) 1500 0.70 0.80 0.09Light concrete (cinder concrete) 1200 0.52 0.75 0.11Light concrete (cinder concrete) 1000 0.41 0.75 0.14Heat absorbing sponge concrete 1000 0.40 0.84 0.08Heat absorbing sponge concrete 800 0.29 0.84 0.08Heat absorbing sponge concrete 600 0.21 0.84 0.13Heat absorbing sponge concrete 400 0.15 0.84 0.20

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QCVN 09:2013/BXD

Heat absorbing silicate sponge concrete 800 0.29 0.84 0.18Heat absorbing silicate sponge concrete 600 0.21 0.84 0.21Heat absorbing silicate sponge concrete 400 0.15 0.84 0.24

III. Gypsum-based materialsDrywall 1000 0.23 0.84 0.05Pure gypsum boards and pieces 1000 0.41 0.84 0.11Kiln cinder gypsum concrete 1000 0.37 0.80 0.15

IV. Terracotta materials, cushion materials, building brick blocks and coating layersRammed clay and clay bricks 2000 0.93 0.84 0.10Adobe 1600 0.70 1.05 0.17Underneath humus 1800 1.16 0.84 -Dry sand used as a cushion material 1600 0.58 0.84 0.17Cushion materials made of sifted dry humus 1400 0.52 0.84 0.19Silicate soil used as a cushion layer 600 0.17 0.84 0.30Common bricks laid with heavy mortar 1800 0.81 0.88 0.11Common bricks laid with light mortar 1700 0.76 0.88 0.12Silicate bricks laid with heavy mortar 1900 0.87 0.84 0.11Multi-hole bricks (γ = 1300) laid with light mortar (γ = 1400) 1350 0.58 0.88 0.15Multi-hole bricks laid with heavy mortar 1300 0.52 0.88 -Heavy mortar and coating cement mortar 1800 0.93 0.84 0.093-constituent mortar and 3-constituent coating mortar 1700 0.87 0.84 0.10Lime mortar 1600 0.81 0.84 0.12

V. Non-fired brick, autoclaved aerated concreteAAC non-fired brick 400-900 0.12-0.13 - -Autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC lightweight brick)

400-800 0.153 - -

Autoclaved aerated concrete brick 400-1000 0.11-0.22 - -

Autoclaved aerated concrete (Chinese standard GB-11968:2006)

300 0.10 - -400 0.12 - -500 0.14 - -600 0.16 - -700 0.18 - -800 0.20 - -

VI. Coal and cinder materialsPeat-based insulating board 225 0.07 1.67 0.19Kiln cinder 1000 0.29 0.75 0.20Kiln cinder 700 0.22 0.75 0.22Blast furnace cinder in particle state 500 0.16 0.75 0.23Cinder brick 1400 0.58 0.75 -Light cinder mortar 1400 0.64 0.75 0.11Light cinder mortar 1200 0.52 0.75 0.14External coating lime mortar 1600 0.87 0.84 0.14Internal coating lime mortar 1600 0.70 0.84 0.14

25


External coating mortar for wood lath 1400 0.70 1.05 0.12Internal coating mortar for wood lath 1400 0.52 1.05 0.12Lime coating mortar mixed with slag 1200 0.47 0.80 0.14Surface coating hard wood fiber board 700 0.23 1.47 0.08

VII. Scrolling materialsQuality paperboard 1000 0.23 1.47 -Normal paperboard 700 0.17 1.47 -Corrugated paperboard 150 0.06 1.47 -Resin paper, bitumen paper 600 0.17 1.47 -

VIII. Agricultural productsRice husk 250 0.21 1.88 -Rush 400 0.14 1.47 -Straw 320 0.09 1.51 -Straw-based panel 300 0.10 1.47 -Rush-based panel 1900 360 0.10 1.51 -

IX. Glass materials

Window glass 2500 0.78 0.84 0.00Fiberglass 200 0.06 0.84 0.49Vapor glass and bubble glass 500 0.16 0.84 0.02Vapor glass and bubble glass 300 0.12 0.84 0.02

X. Wooden and cork materials

Pine and (cross the grain) 550 0.17 2.51 -Pine and (along the grain) 550 0.35 2.51 0.32Sawdust 250 0.09 2.51 0.26Treated sawdust 300 0.13 2.30 0.26Sawdust mixed with resin 300 0.12 1.88 0.25Plywood 600 0.17 2.51 0.02Fiberboard 600 0.16 2.51 0.11-ditto 250 0.08 2.51 0.09-ditto 150 0.06 2.51 0.34Soft wood board (corkwood) 250 0.07 2.09 0.04Boards made of corkwood waste 150 0.06 1.88 0.05

XI. Metals

Steel – sheet metal 7850 58 0.48 0Pig iron 7200 50 0.48 0Aluminum 2600 220 0.48 0

XI. Other materials

Indoor matting (cotton rug) 150 0.06 1.88 0.34Mineral cotton rug 200 0.07 0.75 0.49Mineral cotton rug 250 0.08 0.75 0.45

26

QCVN 09:2013/BXD

Patterned silicate boards and patterned silicate cement boards 600 0.23 2.30 -Patterned silicate boards and patterned silicate cement boards 400 0.16 2.30 -Patterned silicate boards and patterned silicate cement boards 250 0.12 2.30 -Notes:1 W/m.K=0.86 kcal/m.h.oC; 1 kJ/kg.K=0.24 kcal/kg.oC ;For new building materials not listed in this table, designers may use other international standards.

Table 2. Solar heat gain coefficient α of material surface

No Surface, materials and colors α ratio1. Materials

1 White paper 0.202 Dry peat 0.643 Particle ceramics 0.8 - 0.854 Cinder 0.81

2. Wall surface5 Polished, bright colored limestone 0.356 Ditto, dark colored 0.507 Brownish yellow sandstone 0.548 Dark yellow sandstone 0.629 Red sandstone 0.7310 Polished, white marble 0.3011 Ditto, dark colored 0.6512 Polished, light grey granite 0.5513 Grey, polished granite 0.6014 Enameled, white brick 0.2615 Ditto, bright brown colored 0.5516 Common, dusted bricks 0.7717 Ditto, new red colored 0.70 - 0.7418 Surface coating bricks, bright colored 0.4519 Smooth, even concrete surface 0.54 - 0.6520 Mortared surface, yellow-white painted 0.4221 Ditto, dark colored 0.7322 Ditto, white colored 0.4023 Ditto, light blue colored 0.5924 Ditto, light cement colored 0.4725 Ditto, snow-white colored 0.3226 Vapor silicate 0.56 - 0.5927 Plain wood 0.5928 Wood painted in dark colors 0.7729 Wood painted in light yellow colors 0.6030 Smooth polished bamboo 0.4331 Normal bamboo 0.60

3. Roofing surface32 New, white fibrocement boards 0.42

27


33 Ditto, used for 6 months 0.6134 Ditto, used for 12 months 0.7135 Ditto, re-coated with cement water 0.5936 Ditto, used for 6 years 0.8337 Corrugated mineral cotton boards 0.6138 Light brownish mineral cotton boards 0.5339 Roofing oilpaper, coarse finish 0.9140 Ditto, sprinkle-coated with mineral particles 0.8441 Ditto, sprinkled with grey colored sand particles 0.8842 Ditto, sprinkled with dark colored sand particles 0.9043 Light colored sheet metal 0.2644 Black sheet metal 0.8645 Red or brown roof tile 0.65 - 0.7246 Grey cement roof tile 0.6547 Polished or white plated steel 0.4548 Ditto, in blue color 0.7649 Galvanized steel, new 0.3050 Ditto, dusted 0.9051 Unpolished aluminum 0.5252 Polished aluminum 0.26

4. Paint coated surface53 Painted in bright red (pink) color 0.5254 Painted in blue color 0.64

55Painted with cobalt-based materials, in bright blue color 0.58

56 Ditto, purple color 0.8357 Painted in yellow 0.4458 Painted in red 0.63

5. Sidewalk and road surface59 New asphalt 0.8960 Old asphalt 0.6761 Cinder concrete 0.8962 Granite macadam 0.8063 Sand mixed with gravel 0.6664 Wet sand 0.8065 Granite rock and gravel 0.67

6. Transparent materials66 Polyclovinil screen, thickness 0.1 mm 0.09667 AFF polyamide screen, thickness 0.08 mm 0.16468 Polyethylene screen, thickness 0.085 mm 0.10969 7 mm-thick glass 0.07670 4,5 mm-thick door glass 0.0471 6 mm-thick glass with heat absorbing surface 0.30672 17 mm-thick imaging glass 0.0273 1.2 mm-thick colorless organic glass 0.12374 Ditto, yellow colored, 2.7 mm in thickness 0.4675 Ditto, blue colored, 1.4 mm in thickness 0.34

Table 3. Surface heat transfer coefficient of envelope structures h, W/m2.K

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QCVN 09:2013/BXD

(in accordance with TCVN 298:2003 and ISO 6946:1996 standards)

Name of coefficient

Heat flux direction

Horizontal

(for walls)

Upward

(for roofing)

Downward

(for roofing)

Outer surface heat transfer coefficient hN, W/m2.K

25 25 25

Inner surface heat transfer coefficient hT, W/m2.K

7.692 10 5.882

Table 4. Thermal resistance of unventilated air layer Ra, m2.K/W(in accordance with TCVN 298:2003 and ISO 6946:1996 standards)

Air layer thickness, mm

Heat flux direction

Horizontal

(for vertical air layer)

Upward

(for horizontal air layer)

Downward

(for horizontal air layer)

0 0.00 0.00 0.00

5 0.11 0.11 0.11

7 0.13 0.13 0.13

10 0.15 0.15 0.15

15 0.17 0.16 0.17

25 0.18 0.16 0.19

50 0.18 0.16 0.21

100 0.18 0.16 0.22

300 0.18 0.16 0.23

Notes: Intermediate values may be determined using linear interpolation.

3. Select common exterior wall and roof designs, and total thermal resistance Ro may be calculated using equation (1).

3.1. WALLST1. Single-leaf wall (conventional thickness: 110 mm), fireclay solid bricks

- Lí p v÷a tr t =15 mm

15 105 15

- Lí p v÷a tr t =15 mm- G¹ch ®Êt sÐt nung =105 mm

- Plaster δ=15 mm- Fireclay bricks δ=105 mm- Plaster δ=15 mm29


No Material layers, outside inThickness,

m

Thermal conductivity, , W/(m.K)

Total thermal

resistance Ro,

m2.K/W

Qualified or not qualified for Code

requirements

1 Exterior plaster 0.015 0.93

0.332 Ro<0.56 m2.K/WNot qualified!

2 Fireclay solid brick and heavy (cement) mortar brickwork

0.105 0.81

3 Interior plaster 0.015 0.93

T2. One brick thick wall (conventional thickness: 220 mm), fireclay solid bricks

No Material layers, outside inThickness

, m


Total thermal

resistance Ro,

m2.K/W


requirements



2 Fireclay solid brick and heavy (cement) mortar brickwork

0.220 0.81


T3. Single-leaf wall (conventional thickness: 110 mm), fireclay hollow bricks


m


Total thermal resistance Ro,

m2.K/W


requirements

10515

60

10

- Lí p v÷a tr t =15 mm- G¹ch ®Êt sÐt nung =105 mm

- V÷a chÌn m¹ch =10 mm- G¹ch ®Êt sÐt nung =105 mm- Lí p v÷a tr t =15 mm

10105 15

- G¹ch rçng =105 mm

15 105 15



- Plaster δ=15 mm- Fireclay bricks δ=105 mm- Joint mortar δ=10 mm- Fireclay bricks δ=105 mm- Plaster δ=15 mm

- Plaster δ=15 mm- Hollow bricks δ=105 mm- Plaster δ=15 mm

30

QCVN 09:2013/BXD



2 Hollow bricks (γ = 1300) and light plaster (γ = 1400) brickwork

0.105 0.58


T4. Calculating thermal resistance for one brick thick walls (conventional thickness: 20 mm), fireclay hollow bricks


m


Total thermal

resistance Ro,

m2.K/W

Qualified or not qualified for Code requirements


0.584or

0.625

Ro>0.56 m2.K/WQualified

orQualified and over

qualified

2

Hollow bricks (γ = 1300) and light mortar (γ = 1400) brickworkorMulti-hole bricks with heavy (cement) mortar brickwork

0.2200.58or

0.52


T5. Brick, porous concrete and single-leaf walls (conventional thickness: 110 mm)

10105 1510515

60

10

- Lí p v÷a tr t =15 mm- G¹ch rçng =105 mm- V÷a chÌn m¹ch =10 mm- G¹ch rçng =105 mm- Lí p v÷a tr t =15 mm

15 105 15


- Lí p v÷a tr t =15 mm- Blèc bª t«ng nhÑ =105 mm

- Plaster δ=15 mm- Hollow bricks δ=105 mm- Joint mortar δ=10 mm- Hollow bricksδ=105 mm- Plaster δ=15 mm

- Plaster δ=15 mm- Autoclaved lightweight concreteδ=105 mm- Plaster δ=15 mm

31



, m


Total thermal

resistance Ro,

m2.K/W


requirements

1 Exterior plaster 0.015 0.930.486 Ro<0.56 m2.K/W

Not qualified!2 Porous concrete bricks 0.105 0.373 Interior plaster 0.015 0.93

T6. Brick, porous concrete and one brick thick walls (conventional thickness: 220 mm)


, m


Total thermal

resistance Ro,

m2.K/W


requirements

1 Exterior plaster 0.015 0.930.797

Ro>0.56 m2.K/WQualified and over

qualified2 Porous concrete bricks 0.220 0.373 Interior plaster 0.015 0.93

T7. 3D 180 mm thick panels

No Material layers, outside in Thickness, m

Thermal conductivi

ty, , W/(m.K)

Total thermal

resistance Ro,

m2.K/W


1 Exterior plaster 0.015 0.930.81÷ 1.56

Ro>0.56 m2.K/W2 Cement, sand and steel mesh 0.05 0.93

15 502050 15

cã l í i thÐp

- Lí p v÷a tr t =15 mm- Lí p xi m ng c t =50 mm

- TÊm polystyrol =20 - 50 mm

cã l í i thÐp- Lí p xi m ng c t =50 mm


10105 1510515


- V÷a chÌn m¹ch =10 mm


60

10

- Plasterδ=15 mm- Sand cement layer, with steel mesh δ=50 mm- Polystyrol panel δ=20-50 mm- Sand cement layer, with steel mesh δ=50 mm- Plasterδ=15 mm

- Plasterδ=15 mm- Autoclaved lightweight concrete δ=105 mm- Joint mortar δ=10 mm- Autoclaved lightweight concreteδ=105 mm- Plaster δ=15 mm

32

QCVN 09:2013/BXD

3D panels

Qualified and over qualified

or excessively overqualified

3 Porous polystyrol insulating layer

0.02÷ 0.05 0.04

4 Cement, sand and steel mesh 3D panels

0.05 0.93

5 Interior plaster 0.015 0.93Notes: The total thermal resistance of exterior walls is calculated using the heat transfer coefficient of the exterior surface - hN= 25 W/m2.K and heat transfer coefficient of the interior surface - hT= 7,692 W/m2.K – see Table 3, Annexes.3.2. ROOF

M1. Roofing with a 105 mm thick hollow brick insulating layer

No Material layers, top downThickness, m


Total thermal resistance Ro,m2.K/W


1 Terra cotta tile 0.015 0.81

0.640Ro< 1.0 m2.K / WNot qualified

2 Tile plaster 0.01 0.93

3 Fireclay tile (continuous parts) 0.105 0.81

4 Fireclay tile (partition walls) 0.053 0.81

5 Aerated hollow holes, Ra = 0.22 m2. K / W

0.053

6 Vertical plaster lining 0.105 0.93

7 Cement and steel mesh plaster 0.02 0.93

8 Reinforced concrete 0.12 1.55


M2. Roofing with a 105 mm thick hollow brick insulating layer and 150 mm thick porous concrete =1000 kg/m3

With composition similar to the M1 roof, but with an additional 150 mm thick lightweight concrete – porous concrete layer =1000 kg/m3 - =0.41 W/(m.K) on top of the heat insulating tiles, resulting in a total thermal resistance of the M2 roof of Ro=1.006 m2.K/W – qualified.

No Material layers, top down Thickness, m

Thermal conductivity, ,

Total thermal resistance


- G¹ch l¸ nem 200 200 15 mm- V÷a l¸t =10 mm- G¹ch chèng nãng 200 200 105 mm, =105 mm- V÷a xi m ng l í i thÐp chèng thÊm =20 mm- Bª t«ng cèt thÐp m i =120 mm- V÷a tr t trÇn =15 mm

- Terra cotta tile 200x200x15 mm- Tiling mortar δ=10 mm- Heat resistant brick 200x200x105 mm, δ=105 mm- Damp resistant steel mesh cement mortar δ=20 mm- Roof reinforced concrete δ=120 mm- Ceiling plaster δ=15 mm

33


W/(m.K) Ro,m2.K/W


1.006Ro> 1.0 m2.K / WQualified


3 Lightweight-porous concrete layer (=1000 kg/m3)

0.150 0.41

4 Fireclay tile (continuous parts) 0.105 0.81

5 Fireclay tile (partition walls) 0.053 0.81

6 Aerated hollow holes, Ra = 0.22 m2. K / W

0.053

7 Vertical plaster lining 0.105 0.93

8 Cement and steel mesh plaster 0.02 0.93



M3. Roofing with 30 mm thick polystyrol porous panels

No Material layers, top downThickne

ss, m

Thermal conductivi

ty, , W/(m.K)

Total thermal

resistance Ro,m2.K/W


requirements


1.140Ro > 1.0 m2.K / W

Qualified


3 Polystyol panel 0.03 0.04

4 Cement plaster 0.05 0.93

5 Damp resistance polymer cement plaster

0.002 0.93


7 Interior plaster 0.015 0.93Notes: The total thermal resistance of roofing is calculated using the heat transfer coefficient of the exterior surface - hN= 25 W/m2.K and heat transfer coefficient of the interior surface - hT= 5,882 W/m2.K – see Table 3, Annexes.

- G¹ch l¸ nem 200 200 15 mm- V÷a l¸t =10 mm- TÊm xèp polystyrol =30 mm- V÷a xi m ng =5 mm- Xi m ng polimer chèng thÊm =2 mm- Bª t«ng cèt thÐp m i =120 mm- V÷a tr t trÇn =15 mm

- Terra cotta tile 200x200x15 mm- Tiling mortar δ=10 mm- Polystyrol panel δ=30 mm- Cement mortar δ=5 mm- Damp resistant polymer cement δ=2 mm- Roof reinforced concrete δ=120 mm- Ceiling plaster δ=15 mm

34

eebc_-_qcvn_09-2013_-_en

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