한국미용학회지 제13권 제3호, 2007 <연구논문> J. Kor. Soc. Cosm. Vol. 13, No. 3(2007) p.1247-1257 마오리족의 타투(tattoo) 연구 이현주 † 대구보건대학 뷰티코디네이션과 The Study on Tattoo of the Maori Hyun-Joo Lee † Dept. of Beauty Coordination, Daegu Health College (2007년 10월 19일 접수) Abstract Polynesian tattoo, which we call ‘the masterpiece of tattoo art’, is said to have artistic values in terms of its distinctive design and exquisite techniques. In particular, ‘moko’, the tattoo of the Maori which was one of the tribes of the New Zealand, is artistically outstanding because of its distinguished spiral patterns which have had an impact on the style of Art till today. This study examined artistic attributes of the tattoo of the Maori, based on the belief that it makes a genre of Art, developing itself within its specific culture and life. Tattooing was a privilege of aristocrats and free men under the caste system of the Maori. Men tattooed on their body and face, while women on restricted area around lips. However, slaves were not allowed to any tattooing. For Maori, ‘moko’ was an emblem of social position and a mark of honor. Especially, ‘moko’ on face was viewed as the most important thing. As an ornament for face, ‘moko’ was a symbol of identity, similarly used like European coat of arms. For ‘moko,’ the Maori wetted bones, shells, or metal chisels with coloring, and carved patterns by wooden bats. This method was quite similar to ways of making a wooden sculpture, and the patterns on the skins were made by tools like sculpture chisels. The majority of Maori tattoo had elaborate spiral patterns, none of which were same, though. To the Maori, the art of tattoo was intimately related to the form of artistic expression. Key words:Tattoo, Moko, Maori Art, Polynesian, Spiral, Tribe Ⅰ. 서 론 남태평양 지역이라고 하면 18세기 제임스 쿡 선장이 타투를 처음 발견하고 최초로 서구로 유 입한 지역이다. 또한 오늘날 널리 사용되는 타 투(tattoo)라는 용어도 폴리네시아어로 두드리 거나 때리는 것을 의미하는 어근 Ta-에서 온 †Corresponding author:Hyun-Joo Lee Tel:017-505-8896 E-mail:[email protected] 것으로서 이 지역이 타투 언어의 원류지일 뿐 아니라 타투의 뿌리를 찾을 수 있는 곳이라고 할 수 있다. 이는 동물의 뼈와 같은 뾰족한 도 구에 염료를 찍어 피부를 콕콕찌르는 것을 의미 하는 말에서 유래된 것으로 추측된다. 쿡 선장 의 ‘남태평양 항해일지’에서도 ‘동물의 뼈로 만 든 작은 도구들로 몸을 찌르거나 뚫어 흠집을 내고 거기에 기름기가 있는 땅콩 따위를 태운 연기를 이용해서 만든 진청색 또는 검정색 염료 를 넣는 방법을 원주민들이 Tattaw 라고 불렀 다’고 기록하고 있다. 이 방법은 타투의 가장 일