Edward Snowden Ethics

8/20/2019 Edward Snowden Ethics

1/20

PRESENTED BY: GRO

HIMANSHU RATHORE FPM

HRISHIKESH DAS PGP

MANISH GUPTA PGP

HARSH PARMAR PGP

EDWARD SNOWDEN: WHISTLE-BLOWOR CRIMIN

BUSNINESS ETHICS PROJECT RE


2/20

BE Pr!"#$ R"%r$

CHRONOLOGY OF EVENTS

LATE 2009-MARCH 2012:

S&'("&)* *+%"r,*r .$ $/" CIA %.#"( . #r$#. .**"**1"&$ /* "/.,r .&(

'r /.$* & /* %"r*&&" " .&( ,#"( $/" *+*%#& $/.$ /" /.( $r"( $ r".&$ #.**"( #1%+$"r "* $ '/#/ /" '.* &$ .+$/r"( $ /.," .##"**78 $/" N"'9r T1"* r"%r$* .$"r /" * ("&$"( .* $/" "."r7 +$&; $' +&&.1"( *"&rA1"r#.& #.*-=".r-( %"rr1." .r$*$< H" (&.$"* 250 $ $/" R"%+#.&%r"*("&$. #.1%.;& "r$.r.& R& P.+7 #.1%.;& r"#r(* */'7 '"( = .*"#&( #&$r+$& $/" *.1" .1+&$ $' 1&$/* .$"r<

DEC. 1, 2012:

S&'("& r".#/"* +$ $ G"&& Gr""&'.(7 . .'="r .&( #+1&*$ r T/" G+.r(.&<

JAN. 2013:

S&'("& r".#/"* +$ $ L.+r. P$r.*7 . (#+1"&$.r= 11."r<

MARCH 2013:

H" *""* . &"' #&$r.#$r ! '$/ B A"& H.1$& .$ $/" *.1" NSA .#$= &H.'.< H" .$"r $"* $/" S+$/ C/&. Mr&&; P*$ $/.$ /" (( * $ ;"$ .(($&..##"** $ #.**"( (#+1"&$* /" &$"&(* $ ".<

MAY 2013:

S&'("& ";&* *"&(&; *1" (#+1"&$* $ P$r.*7 Gr""&'.( .&( $ B.r$& G"1.& $/" W.*/&;$& P*$< H" $"* /* NSA *+%"r,*r $/.$ /" &""(* $ $." *1" $1"

$ +&("r; $r".$1"&$ r "%"%*=7 '/#/ /" '.* (.;&*"( '$/ $/" %r",+* =".r7.##r(&; $ $/" G+.r(.&< H" $"* /* ;rr"&( /" ' " .'.= r . "' '""*7 +$ *,.;+" .+$ $/" r".*&<

MAY 20, 2013:

S&'("& .rr,"* & H&; K&; r1 H.'.<

E('.r( S&'("&: W/*$"-'"r r #r1&. @


3/20

BE Pr!"#$ R"%r$

JUNE 2, 2013:

Gr""&'.( .&( P$r.* .rr," & H&; K&;<

JUNE , 2013:

Fr*$ r",".$&* .r*&; r1 $/" (#+1"&$* %r,("( = S&'("& .r" %+*/"( & .G+.r(.& .r$#" .+$ $/" NSA)* #"#$& (1"*$# "1. .&( $""%/&" 1"$.(.$.r1 "r& .* %.r$ '/.$ * .$"r r","."( $ " .& ","& r.("r #"#$& "r$<

! JUNE 2013:

G+.r(.& !+r&.*$ G"&& Gr""&'.( r"%r$* $/" US N.$&. S"#+r$= A;"= NSA *#"#$&; $/" $""%/&" r"#r(* 1&* "r& #+*$1"r* +&("r . $% *"#r"$#+r$ r("r ;r.&$&; $/" ;,"r&1"&$ +&1$"( .+$/r$= $ $.& #11+&#.$&* (.$.r . $/r""-1&$/ %"r(<

" JUNE:

T/" G+.r(.& .&( W.*/&;$& P*$ r"%r$ $/" NSA * .##"**&; $/" *=*$"1* US &$"r&"$;.&$* +(&; G;" .&( F.#"7 .&( #"#$&; (.$. +&("r . %r",+*=+&(*#*"( *+r,"." %r;r.11" #."( Pr*1< T/" %r;r.11" .'* #.* $#"#$ 1.$"r. +(&; "1.*7 ," #/.$* .&( *".r#/ /*$r"*<

# JUNE:

US Pr"*("&$ B.r.# O.1. *.=* $/" ;,"r&1"&$ *+r,"." %r;r.11"* *$r" $/"r;/$ .." "$'""& *"#+r$= .&( %r,.#= .&( .r" #*"= ,"r*""& = C&;r"** .&($/" #+r$*<

9 JUNE:

E('.r( S&'("&7 27 * &.1"( .* $/" *+r#" $/" &$";"" ".*< S%".&; r1H&; K&;7 /" "?%.&* '/= /" '"&$ %+#<

@0 J+&":

Mr S&'("& #/"#* +$ /* H&; K&; /$" .&( /* '/"r".+$* r"1.& +&&'& .*$ * r+1+r"( $/" US * %+r*+&; . #r1&. &,"*$;.$& .;.&*$ /1<

11 JUNE:

T/" EU ("1.&(* US .**+r."* $/.$ E+r%".&* r;/$* .r" &$ "&; &r&;"( = $/"&"'=-r","."( *+r,"." %r;r.11"*< Mr S&'("&* "1%="r7 (""" #&$r.#$rB A"& H.1$&7 *.=* $ /.* r"( $/" &r.*$r+#$+r" .&.=*$ r ,.$&; $* "$/#*

#("<

12 JUNE:

Mr S&'("& $"* $/" S+$/ C/&. Mr&&; P*$ r1 . *"#r"$ #.$& & H&; K&; $/.$/" ' ;/$ .&= .$$"1%$ $ "?$r.($" /1< T/" S%"."r $/" US H+*" R"%r"*"&$.$,"* J/& B"/&"r ("*#r"* /1 .* . $r.$r< T/" UK .**+r"* US .&( Br$*/#$"&* $/"r &$";"" .;""* .r" %"r.$&; '$/& $/" .'<

E('.r( S&'("&: W/*$"-'"r r #r1&. 2


4/20

BE Pr!"#$ R"%r$

13 JUNE:

Mr S&'("& *.=* $/" US ;,"r&1"&$ /.* ""& /.#&; #1%+$"r* & 1.&.&( C/&. .&(H&; K&; r =".r*< NSA Dr"#$r K"$/ A"?.&("r $"* $/" US S"&.$" $/.$ *+r,"."%r;r.11"* /.," (*r+%$"( ("&* $"rrr %$*<

14 JUNE:FBI Dr"#$r R"r$ M+""r *.=* Mr S&'("& /.* #.+*"( $/" US *;&#.&$ /.r1 .&($"* C&;r"** $/" US ' /+&$ /1 ('& .&( %r*"#+$" /1<

1 JUNE:

H+&(r"(* %r$"*$"r* 1.r#/ & $/" US #&*+.$" & H&; K&;7 ("1.&(&; #..+$/r$"* %r$"#$ Mr S&'("&<

1" JUNE:

Mr S&'("& ("&"* /" * . C/&"*" .;"&$ .&( *.=* US #.*7 & ."&; /1 . $r.$r7

/.," ("*$r="( .&= %**$= . .r $r.<

1# JUNE:

Mr S&'("&* .$/"r7 L&7 **+"* . %+# %". +r;&; /* *& $ &$ #11$ $r".*&<

19 JUNE:

NSA Dr"#$r A"?.&("r $"* $/" US H+*" &$";"" #11$$"" $/" *+r,"."%r;r.11"* "."( = Mr S&'("& /"%"( $/'.r$ 50 .$$.#* *" 200@<

20 JUNE:

W".* +&("r J+.& A**.&;" .$$"1%$* $ r"r . (". $ ;r.&$ Mr S&'("& .*=+1& I#".&(<

22 JUNE:

US %r*"#+$r* " . #r1&. #1%.&$7 #/.r;&; Mr S&'("& '$/ "*%&.;" .&( $/"$<T/" W/$" H+*" r"+"*$* /* "?$r.($& r1 H&; K&;<

23 JUNE:

Mr S&'("& "* r1 H&; K&; $ M*#' .* "?$r.($& %r"**+r" +(*< E#+.(r*r";& 1&*$"r #&r1* & T'$$"r $/.$ Mr S&'("& /.* r"+"*$"( .*=+1 $/"r"<

E#+.(r /.* .& "?$r.($& $r".$= '$/ $/" US +$ .'* r %$#. .*=+1"?"1%$&*7 .&( /.* */"$"r"( Mr A**.&;" & $* L&(& "1.**= r $/" %.*$ =".r<

24 JUNE:

W/$" H+*" *%"*1.& J.= C.r&"= +r;"* R+**. $ r"$+r& Mr S&'("&7 .&( *.=* $/"1.&&"r /* ("%.r$+r" r1 H&; K&; '+( +&+"*$&.= 1%.#$ & US r".$&*'$/ C/&.<

E('.r( S&'("&: W/*$"-'"r r #r1&. 3


5/20

BE Pr!"#$ R"%r$

2 JUNE:

C/&. ("*#r"* US .##+*.$&* $/.$ $ .#$.$"( $/" ("%.r$+r" Mr S&'("& r1H&; K&; .* ;r+&("** .&( +&.##"%$."< R+**.& Pr"*("&$ .(1r P+$& #&r1*Mr S&'("& * & $/" $r.&*$ .r". M*#'* S/"r"1"$=", .r%r$ .&( r"1.&* . r""1.&< US S"#r"$.r= S$.$" J/& K"rr= r"+"*$* R+**. $r.&*"r $/" +;$," !+*$#"

$ $/" U&$"( S$.$"*<

2" JUNE:

E#+.(r '.r&* $ #+( $." '""* $ r+" & Mr S&'("&* .*=+1 (<

2# JUNE:

Mr S&'("&* .$/"r7 L&7 .* US A$$r&"= G"&"r. Er# H("r r r.( .**+r."*/* *&* r;/$* ' " %r$"#$"( */+( /" r"$+r& $ $/" US<

29-30 JUNE:

G"r1.&=* D"r S%";" 1.;.&" *.=* $ /.* *""& . *"#r"$ (#+1"&$ %r,("( = MrS&'("& */'&; $/" US +;;"( EU #"* & W.*/&;$& .&( .$ UN /".(+.r$"r* &N"' 9r< E+r%".& #.* ("1.&( + #.r#.$& r1 $/" US<

S&'("&* (* r .*=+1

E('.r( S&'("& * *""& r $/" r*$ $1" & $/r"" '""* & 12 J$%&

1 JULY:

Mr S&'("& .%%"* $ R+**. r %$#. .*=+1 Pr"*("&$ P+$& *.=* /" */+( *$%".&; US *"#r"$* /" '.&$* $ *$.=< Pr"*("&$ O.1. .#&'"(;"* /;/-","

(*#+**&* '$/ M*#' & "?$r.($&<

2 JULY:

Mr S&'("& '$/(r.'* /* .*=+1 r"+"*$ $ R+**. .&( *"&(* r"+"*$* $ 20 $/"r#+&$r"*7 .##r(&; $ W".*<

3- JULY:

B,.& Pr"*("&$ E, Mr."* %.&" * (,"r$"( $ A+*$r. .1( *+*%#& $/.$ MrS&'("& * & .r(< Pr"*("&$ Mr."* $/r".$"&* $ #*" $/" US "1.**= & B,. &r"*%&*"<

! JULY:

N#.r.;+. .&( "&"+". "r Mr S&'("& .*=+1<

12 JULY:

Mr S&'("& "1"r;"* .$ S/"r"1"$=", .r%r$ r $/" r*$ $1" & $/r"" '""*7 *.=&;/" *+;/$ .*=+1 & R+**. .* /" '.* +&." $ $r.," $ L.$& A1"r#.<

G"&& Gr""&'.( ;r""$* Mr Mr.&(. .* /" .rr,"* & Br. & @ A+;+*$

E('.r( S&'("&: W/*$"-'"r r #r1&. 4


6/20

BE Pr!"#$ R"%r$

1 AUGUST:

Mr S&'("& ".,"* $/" .r%r$ .&( "&$"r* R+**.& $"rr$r= .$"r .%%=&; r $"1%r.r=.*=+1< T/" US *.=* R+**.* ("#*& * "?$r"1"= (*.%%&$&;<

"-9 AUGUST:

Pr"*("&$ O.1. #."* . 1""$&; '$/ R+**.& Pr"*("&$ P+$& '&; R+**.*.*=+1 ("#*&< H" %r1*"* .%%r%r.$" r"r1* $ ;+.r.&$"" ;r".$"r ,"r*;/$ US*+r,"." %r;r.11"*<

1! AUGUST:

C$&; (#+1"&$* "."( = Mr S&'("&7 $/" W.*/&;$& P*$ r"%r$* $/" NSA r"%r,.#= r+"* .&( ,"r*$"%%"( $* ";. .+$/r$= $/+*.&(* $1"* & $/" %.*$ $'=".r*<

19-20 AUGUST:

Mr Gr""&'.(* %.r$&"r7 D.,( Mr.&(.7 * ("$.&"( +&("r $"rrr .'* .$ L&(&*

H".$/r' .r%r$ r &&" /+r* & /* '.= $ R (" J.&"r< T/" Br..& #$"&r"%r$"(= /.* /* 1" %/&"7 .%$%7 DD* .&( $/"r $"1* *""(< UK %$#.&*("1.&( .& "?%.&.$&< T/" US ("&"* &,,"1"&$ +$ .#&'"(;"* $ '.* ;,"& ./".(*-+% r1 Br$*/ #.* .+$ $/" ("$"&$&<

E('.r( S&'("&: W/*$"-'"r r #r1&. 5


7/20

BE Pr!"#$ R"%r$

THE SNO'DEN EFFECT

T() S*+)* ))/, )*+* & J& R+)*: Direct and indirect gains in publicknowledge from the cascade of events and further reporting that followed Edward Snowden’s leaks of classified information about the surveillance state in the U.S”.

T/" ". $/" (.$. = E('.r( S&'("& "( $ 1+$%" ""#$* & US< I$ ((&)$ &=+(" $/" ""#$ & US "#&1= +$ 1.&= $/"r $"#/&;= +*&"**"* .&( US .*"(#1%.&"* ;$ ."#$"( = $/" S&'("&)* ". #&("&$. (.$.<

EFFECT ON U.S.

S&'("&* .#$&* *%.r"( . (".$" .+$ $/" &$"r*"#$& &.$&. *"#+r$=.&( &(,(+. %r,.#=< E#&1*$* *%"#+.$"( $/.$ C+&$r"* .&( #1%.&"* ' "r"#$r("r* *r$* & #="r*%.#"< E,"& US #&;r"**7 '/#/ +*"( " (,("( ;$ +&$"( ,"r$/" (". $/.$ 1.**," I&$";"" ;.$/"r&; .$"r $/" $"rrr*$* .$$.# & @@ /.,"#r**"( $/" r("r* .##"%$."< G. .$$$+(" *+r,"= r","."( $/.$ $/" 1.;"

U&$"( S$.$"* ;$ (.1.;"( = $/" r",".$&<Dr"#$r7 N.$&. I&$";"" J.1"* C.%%"r r"%r$"(7 S&'("&* ".* #r".$"( .

%"r"#$ *$r17 ."#$&; $/" &$";"" #11+&$=* #.%.$"*< S&'("&* ".*(.1.;"( r".$&*/%* '$/ r";& .&( #r%r.$" *$."/("r*7 r"*$r.&"( +(;"$r"*+r#"*7 .&( #.+*"( $/" U


8/20

BE Pr!"#$ R"%r$

EFFECT ON TECHNOLOGY

T"#/&;= &(+*$r= /.( . %r+&( 1%.#$ .$"r S&'("& r",""( $/.$ NSA '.*#"#$&; &r1.$& +*&; *1" US #+( .*"( *"r,#"*< G;"7 C*# .&( ATT *$

$/"r +*&"** & I&$"r&.$&. 1.r"$ .* $/"r r" & NSA *%=&;< T/" "*$1.$&*+;;"*$"( $/.$ #+( .*"( #1%+$&; &(+*$r= ' ** &".r= 35 & = "&( 20@6< A r"#"&$ CSA *+r,"= +&( $/.$ /. $/" &&-US r"*%&("&$* *+r,"="( *.( $/"=' 1," .'.= r1 US #+(*<

Lavabit7 . *"#+r" "1. %r,("r $/.$ S&'("& %"r.$"(7 (*#&$&+"( *"r,#".$"r "&; .*"( r "r=%$& "=* $/.$ '+( /.," "?%*"( $ U +%(.$"7 +("( *"#+r$= 1".*+r"* '/#/ "r=%$* . (.$. &*(" $< T/" "..#$+.= #r".$"( + & $/" #+*$1"r* $/.$ ","r= /.r('.r" .&( *$'.r" 1.(" = C*#

S=*$"1* /.( *1" (r"#$ r &(r"#$ &.;" '$/ A1"r#.& &$";""< S&'("&)* "..* &*%r"( $/"r "&$$"* $ ". $/" (.$. #"#$& %r;r.1* $/"r #+&$r"*< D.=*.$"r Pr"*("&$ Fr.&* H.&(" *$"r&= .*"( $/" U&$"( S$.$"* &$ $ *%= & $* ."*7$/" &"'*%.%"r L" M&(" (*#*"( $/.$ Fr." /.* $* '& .r;" %r;r.1 (.$.#"#$&7 '/#/ *'""%* +% &".r= . $/" (.$. $r.&*1**&*7 +(&; $""%/&" #.*7"-1.* .&( *#. 1"(. .#$,$= $/.$ #1" & .&( +$ Fr."<

E('.r( S&'("&: W/*$"-'"r r #r1&.


9/20

BE Pr!"#$ R"%r$

SNO'DEN5S MOT6VAT6ON

S&'("& "?%.&"( $/.$ /* &$"&$& "/&( $/" ". '.* &$ $ %"r*&.= ;.&+$ /" #+(&)$ .##"%$ $/" (". r".#/&; A1"r#.& #$"&*) %"r*&. r""(1<A##r(&; $ /1 NSA)* *&".&; .&( ".,"*(r%%&; '.* ,.$& +&(.1"&$. r;/$*

U&$"( S$.$"* #$"&*< H" 1.(" . %+# *$.$"1"&$ $/r+;/ G+.r(.& $/.$) I /.," &&$"&$& /(&; "#.+*" I /.," (&" &$/&; 'r&;


10/20

BE Pr!"#$ R"%r$

LEGAL ASPECTS

A$"r S&'("& "."( $/" (#+1"&$* .&( r","."( &+1"r+* ;. *+r,"."%r;r.1* r+& = NSA .&( E+r%".& ;,"r&1"&$*7 /* #1%.&= B A"& r"( /1 r

,.$&* $/" r1* #(" "$/#* .&( r1 %#=< T/" US ;,"r&1"&$ /.* "(*"."( #r1&. #/.r;"* .;.&*$ /1< D#+1"&$* "."( = S&'("& r","."( $/.$ U


11/20

BE Pr!"#$ R"%r$

CONTEMPORAR6ES

T/* * &$ $/" r*$ $1" US ;,"r&1"&$ .#" $/" %r"1 '/*$"'&;< T/"r".r" 1.&= ("&$* '/"& $/" #&("&$. (#+1"&$* '"r" "."( .&( '/*$"'"r

'"r" #/.r;"( .;.&*$ $/" .' .&( .#" $/" #&*"+""* +&("r E*%&.;" A#$< B"' '"(*#+** .+$ *1" $/" #&$"1%r.r"* E('.r( S&'("&:

7 T(+8 D):

H" * . r1"r *"&r "?"#+$," $/" U


12/20

BE Pr!"#$ R"%r$

;,"r&1"&$ .&( #r%r.$" 1*#&(+#$ .%%".&; ,.r+* (";r""* %+#$=<A*7 /" /"%"( S&'("&7 = %.=&; /* (;&; & H&; K&; .&( /* ;/$ +$ $R+**.<

SCALE OF D6SCLOSURE < 6TS 6MPACTT/" &+1"r "* (*#*"( & $/* (*#*+r" *&)$ ("&$"( "?.#$= $ &'< H'","r7$ * #&r1"( $/.$ $ * &" $/" .r;"*$ (*#*+r" /.%%"& & /*$r= $/" US< A* %"r$/" r"#r(* '&; .r" $/" "* "."( = S&'("&:

• Ar+&(7 @607000 &$"r#"%$"( "-1. .&( &*$.&$-1"**.;" #&,"r*.$&* .&( 700(#+1"&$*

• A%%r?1.$"=7 @57000 r 1r" A+*$r..& &$";"" "*

• A$ ".*$7 5>7000 Br$*/ &$";"" "*

• NSA Dr"#$r K"$/ A"?.&("r &$.= "*$1.$"( $/.$ S&'("& /.( #%"(

.&='/"r" r1 507000 $ 2007000 NSA (#+1"&$*

• T/" ,.*$ 1.!r$= $/*" '"r" r".$"( $ US 1$.r= #.%.$"*7 %"r.$&*7$.#$#*7 $"#/&+"* .&( %r#"(+r"*

S&'("& #&$.#$"( G"&& Gr""&'.(7 !+r&.*$ T/" G+.r(.&7 .&&=1+*= .*C&&.$+* .&( */.r"( $/" *"&*$," (#+1"&$* .+$ *+r,"." (*#*+r"< H" .*#&$.#$"( L.+r. P$r.* '/ 1.(" $/" (#+1"&$.r= .+$ NSA '/*$"'"r W.1B&&"=< S&'("& #11+&#.$"( '$/ $/"*" %"%" $/r+;/ "r=%$"( "1. .&( +*"( .#("&.1" r . $/"*" #11+&#.$&<

W/"& $/" $1" $ (*#*" $/" (#+1"&$* .%%r.#/ &".r"r7 S&'("& "$ $/" US.&( /" *$.="( & H&; K&; '/"& $/" &$. .r$#"* .*"( & $/" "."( (#+1"&$*'"r" %+*/"( & T/" G+.r(.& & J+&" 5< W$/& "' 1&$/*7 $/"*" (#+1"&$* /.(""& $.&"( .&( %+*/"( = 1"(. +$"$* 'r('("<

NBC r" $* r*$ *$r= .*"( & $/" "."( (#+1"&$* & 20@4< T/"*" (#+1"&$**/' /' US ;,"r&1"&$ '.* *%=&; &$ $/" %"r*&. *%.#" ","r= &(,(+. .&(.$"r $/" ".* NSA /.( $ *$% $/* *+r,"." %r;r.1 & r("r $ %r"*"r," $/"*"#r"#= $/" %"%" US<

L.+r. P$r.*7 G"&& Gr""&'.( .&( B.r$& G"1.& r"#","( 20@3 G"r;" PA'.r( r r"%r$&; . $/" ("&$* .*"( & S&'("&)* ".*< A $/"1 ("(#.$"($/* .'.r( $ S&'("& r /* r.,"r=<

T/" &;&; %+#.$& "."( (#+1"&$* /.* r","."( %r",+*= +&&'&("$.* . ;. *+r,"." .%%.r.$+* r+& = $/" US)* NSA & #*" #%"r.$& '$/$/r"" #+&$r"*7 A+*$r..7 $/" U&$"( K&;(1 .&( C.&.(.< T/" E($r-&-#/"7 $/"G+.r(.& *.( $/.$ &= &" %"r#"&$ $/" '/" (#+1"&$* /.( ""& %+*/"( .&('.r&"( $/.$ 'r*$ * *$ $ #1"< T/" r*$ %r;r.1 $ " "?%*"( '.* PRISM7 '$/r"%r$* r1 $/ T/" W.*/&;$& P*$ .&( T/" G+.r(.& %+*/"(< T/" %r"1&.r=r"%r$* +("( .#$* .+$ NSA #. (.$..*" .&( . *"#r"$ #+r$ r("r $ r"#r(%/&"* 1&* A1"r#.&* (.= +(&; /;/ %r"* r1 $/" %$#* .&(

E('.r( S&'("&: W/*$"-'"r r #r1&. @@


13/20

BE Pr!"#$ R"%r$

#r%r.$" 'r( .&( /.&( ,"r $ $ NSA< T/"= &$ &= ( $/" *%=&; A1"r#.&%"%" +$ $/"= #.%$+r" .&( r"#r( Fr"/ #$"&* %/&" .&( &$"r&"$ r"#r(*< I$ '.*r","."( $/.$ $/" NSA '.* #"#$&; 1&* "1. .&( &*$.&$ 1"**.;&; #&$.#$*$*7 "1. #&$"&$*7 $r.#&; $/"r #" %/&"*) #.$&<

T/" NSA '.* "?%*"( $ " +*"( $/" MUSCULAR *+r,"." %r;r.1 & '/#/ NSA

*"#r"$= #.r.$"( '$/ 9./ .&( G;" (.$. #"&$"r* $ #"#$ &r1.$& r11&* .##+&$ /("r* 'r('("< G;"7 C*#7 .&( ATT *$ +*&"**&$"r&.$&.= (+" $ $/" +%r.r ,"r $/"r r"* & NSA *%=&;< S&'("& $( $ $/"r"%r$"r* $/.$ NSA ("* &$ +&( $* (.$. #"#$& $ &.$&. *"#+r$= **+"* &=7.##+*&; $/" .;"= #&(+#$&; &(+*$r. "*%&.;"< H" *.( $/.$ $/"r" * .&=&r1.$& .$ .&= #r%r.$" "," '/#/ * "&"#. $ US &.$&. &$"r"*$7 ","& $("*&)$ /.," .&= #"r& '$/ &.$&. *"#+r$=7 NSA ' $." $/" &r1.$& .&( +*" $r $/"r "&"$< T/* ("&$ %r$r.="( . &";.$," 1.;" US ;.=< I$ 1%.#$"($/" '/" 'r( & #&$"?$ $/"r *"#r"#= .&( *."$= $/"r %"r*&. (.$. & #+(*"r,#"*<

H'","r7 US ;,"r&1"&$ !+*$"( $/"r *$.&( & $/* *+r,"." $/.$ $/"= /.((&" $/* *%=&; &= & $/" &$"r"*$ &.$&. *"#+r$= .&( $/"= &","r +*"( r $/"r%"r*&. "&"$*< A*7 $/"= .##+*"( S&'("& $/.$ = (*#*&; $/"*" %r;r.1*;.= /" /.( &r1"( $"rrr*$ ;r+%* .+$ NSA)* %.&* .&( (+" $ '/#/ $/"*"$"rrr*$ ;r+%* /.( #/.&;"( $/"r #.$& .&( &' $ * (#+$ $ #.$" $/"1 .;.&<A*7 .* %"r NSA7 $/" $"rrr*$ ;r+%* /.( .$"r"( $/"r #11+&#.$&* $ .,(*+r,"." $"#/&+"* r","."( = S&'("&< T/"*" (*#*+r"* #r".$"( &( *%$* &$/" NSA* *+r,"." = r",".&; U


14/20

BE Pr!"#$ R"%r$

= $/" r;.&.$&< T/"r" #.& " ";. r.1#.$&* $ * "*$.*/"( $/.$ $/"r;.&.$& /.* .( $/" '/*$" '"r r $r"( $ (.1.;" /* r"%+$.$& r.$$"1%$"( $ (.1.;" /* #.r""r r &(+;"( & .&= $/"r (*%.r.;&; .#$,$= .&=*r$<

I& I&(.7 & 20037 $/" L.' C11**& I&(. r"#11"&("( $/" .(%$& $/"

P+# I&$"r"*$ D*#*+r" Pr$"#$& I&r1"r* A#$7 2002 D"#"1"r 20@@ .&( = $/" R.!=.*./. & 2@ F"r+.r= 20@4. T/" W/*$" B'"r*Pr$"#$& A#$7 20@@ /.* r"#","( $/" Pr"*("&$. .**"&$ & M.= 7 20@4 .&( $/" *.1"/.* ""& *+*"+"&$= %+*/"( & $/" #. ;."$$" $/" G,"r&1"&$ I&(. &M.= 7 20@4 = $/" M&*$r= L.' .&( J+*$#"7 G,"r&1"&$ I&(.< I$ /.* &$ ="$#1" & r#"<

I& US '/*$" '&; .#$* .r" "?#+*," (""&*" .&( ;,"r&1"&$ #.*<T/"*" #.* .r" #/.r;"( +&("r "*%&.;" .#$ 1".&$ r *%"* & #.*"* (*#*+r"

.#$,$"*< B"r" E('.r( S&'("& $/"r" /.," ""& $/"r #.* '/ /.," (*#*"($/" +&*$$+$&. .#$,$"* $/" ;,"r&1"&$< T/1.* Dr."*7 Br.( Br"&"(7T/1.* T.117 G.r= A;+rr"7 M.r K"&7 C.$" J"&&* $ &.1" . "'<

E('.r( S&'("& '.* #/.r;"( '$/ $' #+&$* "*%&.;" .#$ .&( &" .#$ $/"$ ;,$ %r%"r$=< H* .#$&* #.& " !+(;"( +&("r ,.r+* "$/#. %"r*%"#$,"*<

@ C&*$$+$&. .' * $/" ;"&+* . $/"r .'*< I& . #&#$ "$'""&.(1&*$r.$," .' .&( #&*$$+$&. .'7 #&*$$+$&. .' %r",.*<A(1&*$r.$," .' $/" .&( 1."* $ 1%"r.$," r .& &(,(+. $ &$ ". .&=&r1.$& & (""&*" r;.&.$&*< A* B A"& H.1$&7 .* .& "1%="r7'+( /.," /.( . *$r#$ #(" #&("&$.$= .&( *"#r"#=< W/.$ #.& . %"r*& (7& *$+.$&* " $/"*" '/"& $/" L.' $/" L.&( *$%* /1/"r r1 '&; $/"( .&= 'r&; .#$,$=)7 ","& $ * (&" = $/" ;,"r&1"&$

S&'("& *$+# $ #&*$$+$&. .'< A&( $/+* $/"r" #.& " ;r+&(* $/.$ '/.$ /" (('.* &$ #.$";r#.= ";.<

2 A##r(&; $ $/" %r%" N+r"1"r; @45: I&(,(+.* /.," &$"r&.$&.(+$"* '/#/ $r.&*#"&( $/" &.$&. ;.$&* "(""< T/"r"r" &(,(+.#$"&* /.," $/" (+$= $ ,.$" (1"*$# .'* $ %r","&$ #r1"* .;.&*$ %".#".&( /+1.&$= r1 ##+rr&;


15/20

BE Pr!"#$ R"%r$

;,"r&1"&$ /.*7 $ *%= & $* '& #$"&*7 $/" %$#. ".("r* 3 #+&$r"*.&( 1.&= 1r"< NSA)* .#$&*7 & $/.$ r";.r( '"r" 'r&;< S '/.$ S&'("& (( *%"r#","( .* "$/#.<

5 U$$.r.& $/"r= $.* .+$ $/" #&*"+""* $/" .#$&* "&; $/" .** $!+(;" $/" "$/#.$= $/" .#$< B= #1%.r&; . $/" %*$," .&( &";.$,"

#&*"+""* '" #.& !+(;" '/.$ +$'";/"( $/" $/"r< S&'("&)* (*#*+r"*1.(" . $"rr" 1%.#$ & US .&( $* &.$& r.&(< S+(("&= U" S.1 "#.1"$/* *%=&;7 #r""%= &.$& $/.$ $/" 'r( *$.r$"( &; '$/ . *+*%#+* ""&;<T/" (.1.;"* (&" $ $* &.$& r.&( .&( $ . $/" $""#1 +*&"**"* & $"r1* *$ +*&"** .&( r.&( "+$= #.& " .%%r?1.$"(< Mr","r7 .* $/" (r"#$r NSA7 J.1"* C.%%"r *.(78 S&'("& /.* &#$"( 1r" (.1.;" $/.& .&=&" /.*<H" /.* %+$ $/" ,"* . A1"r#.&* .$ *$."8< W" ' ""% +r .&.=** $ $/"1&"$.r= .*%"#$ &=<

T/"*" .r" "' ("$.* '/#/ ' /"% +* 1&$r $/" (.1.;"<

. D.&" C.*$r7 . *"&r .&.=*$ .$ $/" I&r1.$& T"#/&;= .&( I&&,.$&F+&(.$&7 %r"(#$"( $/.$ $/" U&$"( S$.$"* #+( #1%+$&; &(+*$r= #+(*" 35 & = 20@6<

Frr"*$"r R"*".r#/7 . $"#/&;= r"*".r#/ r17 *.( () %+) /+$% ) (;( >1#0 %%+*, + 2 ?)/)* + *$& )@)*$)7 .*"( & $/" *" $/" #+( #1%+$&;7 '" /*$&; .&( +$*+r#&; 1.r"$* .&( $/" 'r*$ #.*"r (.1.;"*<

# C*# "#.1" $/" &" $/" r*$ #1%.&"* $ *.= %+#= $/.$ $* *."* '"r"('& .* . (r"#$ r"*+$ $/" NSA (*#*+r"*<

( R+&?7 . Nr'";.& "1. *"r,#" $/.$ 1.r"$"( $*" .* .& .$"r&.$," $A1"r#.& *"r,#"* " G1. .&( *.( $ ("* &$ #1%= '$/ r";& #+r$r("r* *""&; %"r*&. &r1.$&7 r"%r$"( . 34 %"r#"&$ .&&+. r".*" &

#+*$1"r* .$"r &"'* $/" N


16/20

BE Pr!"#$ R"%r$

$ $* .#$,$"* r r"*$r+#$+r&; $/" *$r+#$+r"7 $ 1." $ 1r" %r .&(r",.1%"(< T/.$ '+( r"+r" . ;r".$ (". $.?%.="r)* +&(*<

I& . &+$*/"7 S&'("&)* (*#*+r"* $ . /".,= $ & $/" %#"$* .&= .,"r.;"A1"r#.&< I$ '.* . ;( &$"&$& %r;r.1 '/#/ '.* %.( ,"r= (".r=< I& +$$.r.&%"r*%"#$,"7 S&'("&)* .#$ * !+(;"( $ " +&"$/#.<

6 A##r(&; $ $/" T/"r= r;/$*7 . #$"& #.&)$ " (",( /* .*# r;/$* ;,"&& $/" #&*$$+$&< A##r(&; $ 4$/ .&( 5$/ .1"&(1"&$ US #&*$$+$&7 Ar$#"@2 $/" U&,"r*. D"#.r.$& H+1.& R;/$*7 *+#/ *=*$"1* 1.**,"7%"r,.*," *+r,"." .r" %r/$"(< W/.$ NSA (( '.* .r "=&( $* &*$$+$&.#.%.#$= .&( &""(< T #&(+#$ *+r,"." %"r.$&* $ "&*+r" $/" *."$= $*#$"&* * r.$&. +$ $ "?$"&( $ $ +*" $ r #$ "&"$* * */.1"+ & $*%.r$< S&'("& & /* &$"r,"'* *$.$"( $/.$ %"r*&.7 *"?+. ,"* *$"r1"( 7)r.(#."r*) '.* #*"= *"r,"( $ +*" $ & #r$#. $1"* .;.&*$ $/"1.* . (".1.$r= $< A&=&" & $/" NSA '+( &' .&( $/"= '+( ;**% .+$$ & $/" ("%.r$1"&$*<

S&'("& .* $."( .+$ &(+*$r. "*%&.;" '/"r" & NSA '+( *%= & G"r1.&#1%.&"*7 &.1"= S"1"&* r ;.&&; *1" ","r.;" ,"r US #1%.&"*<

S&'("& (( '/.$ '.* &"#"**.r=< E$/#.= r;/$<

E$/#. r".('& * . #&($& '/"& '" !+(;" $/" &(*%"&*.$= .& .#$ $/.$& $*" * 'r&; +$ * &"#"**.r= $ ;/$ . ;r".$"r ", & $/" *#"$=< I& $/"r"#"&$ $1"*7 $/" $"rrr*$ r;.&.$&* /.," "#1" r;.&"( .&( 1r"""#$,"< T/"= .r" 1r" r "** r+& " #r%r.$&* '$/ *%/*$#.$"( $"#/&#.*+%%r$ .&( *$r.$";# %.&&&;< T/"= /.," &$";"" $/"r '&< T"rrr*$r;.&.$&* " ISIS "/".( '.r %r*&"r* .&( +%.( $/" *$ $/" &"?$ $-",#$1* & $/"r '"*$"< I$ * & 1r" .+$ ;/$&; ".r("( I*.1#+&(.1"&$.*$* '/#/ '"r" ".*= $ *%$ .&='/"r"7 +$ $/" &"' ;"&"r.$&

'.r-1&;"r* .r" *%/*$#.$"(7 "(+#.$"( .&( ""#$,"< T/"*" r;.&.$&* +*"*$.$"--$/"-.r$ $"#/&;= $ *"&( 1"**.;"*< T/"= /r" "&;&""r*7 *$'.r"%r"**&.*7 .&( *%"#.*$* r1 ","r='/"r" $ #.+*" /.,# & /+1.&$=< A$"rS&'("&)* (*#*+r" $"rrr*$* /.," #/.&;"( $/"r r+$"* .&( #/.&&"*7 *$%%"(+*&; US "1. *"r,#" #"&$*<

I& $/" ;/$ $/"*" (","%1"&$* $ * +&.r $ r"*$r#$ +r ;,"r&1"&$* & .#$,$= .&($" $/"1 & #("*< T"rrr*$* /.," & #("*< W" &""( $ ;," .& "+. $&; $ +r;,"r&1"&$* * $/"= #.& %r$"#$ $/" %"%" ""#$,"=<

A&( /' 1+#/ ( '" *" = */.r&; $/" %/&" 1"$.(.$. '$/ $/" ;,"r&1"&$R"*".r#/"* *+%%r$ $/.$ $ * &$ . 1.$$"r ;r.," #"r& r 1.!r$= $/"%%+.$&< I $/.$ * $/" %r#" $/.$ '" /.," $ %.= r +r *"#+r$=7 $ * &$ 1+#/< NSA

/.* /.( +$" . "' *+##"**"* "#.+*" $* *+r,"." .#$,$"*< B"#.+*" $/" /;/I&$" $ "( NSA (r"#$= $ $/" 20@@ #.%$+r" & A$$..( M+/.11.( T./r S/./.(7. P.*$.&-.*"( 1 +("r7 .&( U1.r P.$"7 . *+*%"#$ & . 2002 $"rrr*$ 1&;& $/" I&(&"*.& *.&( B.<

S1"$1"* $ ;/$ ",7 $ * &"#"**.r= $ $." *1.r 1".*+r"*<

S&'("&)* (*#*+r" '.* +&&"#"**.r= .&( .$"(<

CONCLUSIONS:

E('.r( S&'("&: W/*$"-'"r r #r1&. @5


17/20

BE Pr!"#$ R"%r$

@ S&'("& .#$* '"r" .1"( .$ $/" "$$"r1"&$ $/" %"%"< H* &$"&$&* '"r"#".r .&( & &" '$/ $/" *%r$ +%/(&; $/" #&*$$+$&. .'<

2 W/*$"'&; .#$* &""( $ " +*," (""&*" .&( ;,"r&1"&$ #.*<E*%&.;" .#$ * .r#/.#< I US .'* '"r" "r. .&( ;.," . #/." .r $r.7S&'("& '+( &$ /.," $."& r"+;" & . r";& #+&$r=< A $ (.1.;" #+(

/.," ""& .,"r$"( '/#/ '.* #.+*"( = $/" (*#*+r" & . ;. %.$r1<3 N.$&. *+r,"." * &$ #.$";r#.= 'r&;< W" &""( $ +&("r*$.&( $/.$

r""(1 .&( *."$= #1"* .$ . (".r %r#"< T/* %r#" * & $"r1* "r$=< B+$&$"r&. *=*$"1* */+( " %+$ & %.#" * $/.$ $/" %'"r * &$ .+*"(< T/"r" * .$/& &" $/.$ */+( &$ " #r**"(< T/" .#$&* */+( " (r"#$"( $'.r(* $/"!"#$," &.$&. *"#+r$=) .&( &$ %"r*&. &$"r"*$*)<

4 I&$"r&.$&. %#"* .&( #&,"&$&* */+( " %+$ & %.#" r $/" *."$= '/*$"'"r*<

E('.r( S&'("&: W/*$"-'"r r #r1&. @6


18/20

BE Pr!"#$ R"%r$

APPEND6=: 1

E('.r( S&'("&: W/*$"-'"r r #r1&. @


19/20

BE Pr!"#$ R"%r$

APPEND6=: 2

E('.r( S&'("&: W/*$"-'"r r #r1&. @>


20/20

BE Pr!"#$ R"%r$

E('.r( S&'("&: W/*$"-'"r r #r1&. @

Edward Snowden Ethics

Documents