Educational Attainment & Economic ProsperityBy 2020, 67% of jobs in Virginia will require postsecondary education 20 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% H.S. or less Some College, associate

StrategyLabs.LuminaFoundation.org

November 14, 2018

Educational Attainment &

Economic Prosperity


Agenda

• State Goals & Trends

– Demographic Trends

– Understanding the Need and Impact of Attainment

– Reaching the Goal

• Benefits of Postsecondary Attainment

– Economic

– Societal Benefits

• Reaching the Goal

1


STATE POSTSECONDARY

GOALS & DEMOGRAPHIC

TRENDS2


Goals

• The Virginia Plan for Higher Education: Be the best-educated state by 2030

• 70 percent of adults with high quality credential or degree, 1.5 million awards

• What are the goals/priorities?

– Access/affordability

– Student success and completion

– Traditionally underserved populations

– Innovation and efficiency

– Workforce needs/economic development/Research

3

StrategyLabs.LuminaFoundation.org 4

48.2%

60.5%

4.0%

10.0%

2016 2030

Individuals w/ a degree

Individuals w/ a credential

70.5%52.2%

Virginia’s goal to be best-educated

state


Source: American Community Survey Data, 2016

Overall population change is increasing about the same as

the national average, but there are differences across age,

racial/ethnic groups, and regions


While younger aged Virginians make up the largest proportion

of total residents, seniors and older workers represent fastest

growing population

6

20.4%

9.0%

12.1%

11.9%

14.3%

14.4%

17.9%

0.0% 5.0% 10.0% 15.0% 20.0% 25.0%

0 - 17

18 - 24

25 - 34

35 - 44

45 - 54

55 - 64

65 or above

Demographics - AgeAge group proportions, Virginia residents,

2016

-3.3%

-4.1%

0.1%

-6.7%

-5.9%

4.5%

14.1%

-10.0% -5.0% 0.0% 5.0% 10.0% 15.0% 20.0%

0 - 17

18 - 24

25 - 34

35 - 44

45 - 54

55 - 64

65 or above

Age Group Proportion Percentage Change from 2012-2016


And Hispanic residents represent the fastest growing

demographic population

7



While Virginia is among the top 10 States in levels

of attainment…

8

2.0%

7.0%

6.0%

3.0%

4.0%

7.0%

5.0%

4.0%

6.0%

3.0%

11.0%

9.1%

8.6%

7.0%

8.2%

10.4%

8.0%

13.1%

9.2%

7.9%

24.2%

22.3%

22.8%

25.9%

23.2%

22.9%

24.1%

25.0%

26.1%

26.0%

13.4%

12.3%

13.5%

15.3%

16.8%

13.0%

16.8%

11.9%

14.4%

19.3%

0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0% 60.0%

New Hampshire

Kansas

Illinois

New Jersey

Virginia

Washington

Conneticut

Minnesota

Colorado

Massachusetts

2016 Educational Attainment of Working Age PopulationTop 10 States

Certificate Associate Bachelors Graduate/Professional


…Within these total figures, there are stark differences in

educational attainment among different populations. Virginia’s

Black, Hispanic and Native American populations are on

average ~20 points behind the White majority population.

52.2% 51.4%

32.9% 29.8%

68.1%

32.1%

0.0%

10.0%

20.0%

30.0%

40.0%

50.0%

60.0%

70.0%

80.0%

2016 Educational Attainment Among Virginia Residents (25-64) by Race/Ethnicity


9


Source: Lumina Foundation

There are also significant regional disparities across the state

10

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

Sussex –12.1%

Falls Church City 84.5%

Source: Lumina Foundation http://strongernation.luminafoundation.org/report/2017/#nation

Listing by locality provided in appendix

http://strongernation.luminafoundation.org/report/2017/#nation


There are differences in the rates of working age

populations with some college, but no degree by race.

11

19%23%

35%

9%

18%22%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

White Black or AfricanAmerican

American Indianand Alaska

Native

Asian Hispanic Other

Share of Virginia Adults (25-65) With Some College No Degree –By Race

Some College - No Degree


BENEFITS OF

POSTSECONDARY

ATTAINMENT12


Economic Impact

• Educational attainment data are a key component to

many state rankings (Best State for Business, Best State

to Live and Raise a Family)

• A one point increase in the percentage of postsecondary

educated people lifts their wages 1.5%, and the earning

of other citizens by 1.1%

• A one point increase in the percentage of people with

post-secondary degrees and credentials increases

overall economic growth over ten years by one–half

percentage point

13


Individuals with postsecondary credentials typically

earn higher income and are more likely to be

employed

14



Attainment Impacts Income

15.1% to 20%

20.1% to 25%

25.1% to 30%

30.1% to 35%

35% or higher

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT AND PERSONAL INCOME, BY VIRGINIA

REGION, 2010-2014

Percentage of Population with a Bachelor’s

Degree or Better

11.1% to 15%

1

5

Southwest$32,561 Southside

$32,160

Central$48,044

West Central$37,808

Valley$38,056

Northern$65,296

Hampton Roads

$44,790

Prepared by the Council on Virginia’s Future, 2017,

Using the nine cultural regions designated for its

work.

Eastern$40,781

15


Societal Benefits

Notes: Public Assistance = any public assistance in past 22 months Supplementary Security Income = Social Security for those with disabilities preventing them from working, and their dependents in past 22 months Source: American Community Survey Data, 2016


Benefits to the Commonwealth

Source: It’s Not Just the Money, Lumina Foundation

https://www.luminafoundation.org/resources/its-not-just-the-money



Benefit to Individuals & Communities

79% more likely to volunteer

Individuals with an associate degree or higher are…..

30% more likely to vote in an election

38% more likely to have health benefits

…than individuals with a high school diplomaSource: It’s Not Just the Money, Lumina Foundation https://www.luminafoundation.org/resources/its-not-just-the-money



REACHING THE GOAL

19


By 2020, 67% of jobs in Virginia will require

postsecondary education

20

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35%

H.S. or less

Some College, associate or credential

Bachelor's Degree

Master's Degree

Job Growth & Education Requirements in Virginia by 2020

Source: Georgetown Center on Education and the Workforce, Projections of Jobs through 2020, https://cew.georgetown.edu/cew-reports/recovery-job-growth-and-education-requirements-through-2020/

https://cew.georgetown.edu/cew-reports/recovery-job-growth-and-education-requirements-through-2020/


21

Source: Lumina Foundation http://strongernation.luminafoundation.org/report/2017/#nation

Note: Certificate and credential data based on estimates developed by Georgetown Center on Education and Workforce

• Virginia’s educational attainment rate ranks 6th in the nation for working-aged adults

Virginia Compared to the Nation and Other States

• However, Virginia’s educational attainment rate ranks 11th for its younger population (ages 25 – 34)

10

21

http://strongernation.luminafoundation.org/report/2017/#nation


70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%

80%

Massachusetts Maryland

Educational Attainment (Bachelor’s and Above) of Virginia and Key Competitors, 2015

Ages 25 to 34 Ages 25 to 64

6

Younger Cohort Falling Behind Global Competition:

Where We Are Now

Korea Canada Japan UK France US

SOURCE: Country Data - Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Education at a

Glance, 2016/ State Data – SCHEV staff analysis of US Census and Lumina foundation data

NOTE: State data represents 2014 while country data shows 2015 data.

Virginia

Prepared by the Council on Virginia’s Future, 2017

22


23

Source: American Community Survey, 2015 1-year Estimates, B15001.

Educational attainment rates vary by age.

35-44 year olds have the highest percentage of postsecondary degrees.

This could shift in the coming years as more individuals ages 25-34 earn a degree.

14%18% 16%

26%24%

21%

8%8%

8%

23% 19%19%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

25-34 35-44 44-64

Graduate or professional degree

Bachelor’s

Associate

Some college

Virginia’s Educational Attainment Rates by Age and Type

Virginia’s Educational Attainment by Age Group

23


Number of High School Graduates is Relatively Flat

24

0

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

120,000

Virginia Public High School* Graduations - by Race/EthnicityAcademic Year 2001 - 2032

HispanicAlone, or Any Race

White Black American Indian/Alaska Native Asian/Pacific Islander (Combined)

AY32

85,656

C

AY18

84,962

AY25

90,659

AY01

66,067

Source: Western Interstate Commission for Higher Education, Knocking at the College Door: Projections of High School Graduates, 2016. knocking.wiche.edu

* Total is the sum of Public School graduations and does not include Private School graduations, which data was not available in a disaggregated form. A table that includes

Private School totals is included in the appendix. The Public Schools Total will not exactly equal the sum of the races/ethnicities columns, which are projected separately. Academic Year refers to the K-12 calendar running fall to spring and may include graduates from any point in that school year, including the summer after the year end.


Of 100 high school graduates in VA . . .

72 students in 2015 enrolled within 16 months at a:

• 4-year public,

• 4-year private, or

• 2-year institution72%

Little change in the percentage of HS graduates enrolling

Enrollment in postsecondary remained between 71-72%

from 2008 to 2015

Source: Virginia Department of Education. Postsecondary enrollment report https://p1pe.doe.virginia.gov/postsec_public/postsec.do?dowhat=LOAD_REPORT_C11

25

https://p1pe.doe.virginia.gov/postsec_public/postsec.do?dowhat=LOAD_REPORT_C11


Percentage of 2015 HS Graduates Going to College

54

65

58

74

87

65

66

74

67

77

72

Students w/Disabilities

Limite English Proficient

Economically Disadvantaged

2 or more race

Asian

Hispanic

Black

White

Male

Female

All


26



Division Total Students Number Enrolled Percent EnrolledKing and Queen

County 39 15 38%

Page County 263 110 42%

Westmoreland County 97 42 43%

Caroline County 229 102 45%

Charles City County 49 25 51%

Petersburg City 172 89 52%

Staunton City 171 89 52%

Appomattox County 167 87 52%

Amelia County 125 66 53%

Richmond City 990 530 54%

School Divisions w/ Lowest Percent of HS Graduates Enrolled

in College


Division Total Students Number Enrolled Percent Enrolled

Fairfax County 12,048 10,111 84%

Prince William

County 5,338 4,052 76%

Loudoun County 4,458 3,825 86%

Virginia Beach City 4,546 3,313 73%

Chesterfield County 4,165 2,984 72%

Henrico County 3,125 2,246 72%

Chesapeake City 2,767 2,106 76%

Stafford County 2,102 1,526 73%

Spotsylvania County 1,620 1,053 65%

Arlington County 1,247 1,026 82%

School Divisions w/ Greatest Number of HS Graduates

Attending College


Trends by Race

29

HS Graduate College Enrollment

74 74 73 727 73 74 74

66 67 67 66 66 66 6666

59 5958

61 6163

6565

82 81 81 81 83 8586

87

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

AsianAsian

White/

2 or more races

Black

Hispanic


Hispanic



Percent of Graduates Enrolling by Institution Type

30

Where Did 2015 HS Graduates Go to College?

4-year public 4-year private 2-year

19%

27%

29%

50%

50%

32%

39%

61%

45%

49%

47%

11%

6%

13%

16%

14%

10%

18%

9%

13%

15%

14%

69%

67%

58%

34%

36%

57%

43%

30%

41%

37%

39%

Students with Disabilities

Limited English Proficient Students

Economically Disadvantaged

2 or More

White

Hispanic

Black

Asian

Male

Female

All Students




Pell Undergraduate Enrollment Distribution

2016-17

31

Source: All students http://research.schev.edu//fair/pell_trend_report.asp

Public 4-year, 45,240

Private,nonprofit, 39,760

Public 2-year, 60,659

http://research.schev.edu/fair/pell_trend_report.asp


Pell Undergraduate Enrollment Trends

32

18%

23% 26% 27% 27% 26% 27% 26%27%

24%

32%38%

41% 41% 42% 41%37% 35%

30%

40%

46%51% 50% 50% 49%

48% 46%

2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17

Public 4-year Public 2-year Private Nonprofi

Private non-profit

Public 2-year

Public 4-year

Source: http://research.schev.edu//fair/pell_trend_report.asp

Percent of Total Enrollments by Institution Type

http://research.schev.edu/fair/pell_trend_report.asp


Virginia Plan Measure: Success

Source: http://research.schev.edu/gradrates/success_index.asp 2011-12 for 4-year/2013-14 for 2-year within 100% time frame

Target: Annually improve completion rates that close the gap between underrepresented populations and traditional students by 2030

Note: Underrepresented populations include those who are minority race/ethnicity, students ages 25 and older, low-income or from areas of the state in the lowest quintile for postsecondary attainment. Completion is measured by the student success index which includes students who graduate or remain enrolled at any Virginia institution within the measurement timeframe. The Student Success index is a broader measure than traditional graduation rates as it includes all students, including full-time, part-time, transfer and first-time in college students. In addition, success is counted by students who either graduate at their institution or another institution or remain enrolled after the measurement period.

Underrepresented populations

Non-underrepresented populations

Completion/Success Index for Public Institutions

33

http://research.schev.edu/gradrates/success_index.asp


Success Index Public 4-Year (Normal time)

64%

70%

61%

60%

71%

65%

70%

68%

Students of Color

Majority Students

Pell at Entry

Age 25 or older at entry

Age 17-19 at entry

Male

Female

All


34



34%

41%

24%

20%

34%

37%

38%

38%

Students of Color

Majority Students

Pell at Entry

Age 25 or older at entry

Age 17-19 at entry

Male

Female

All


35


6-year graduation rates by income are improving,

but gaps remain largely the same

54% 57%65%

69%75% 77%

2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10

VA Public 4-year Institutions

High Income

Middle Income

Low Income

36

Source: http://research.schev.edu//gradrates/CHL_EconTrendsHeac.asp

http://research.schev.edu/gradrates/CHL_EconTrendsHeac.asp


Attainment Rates in Rural Virginia

• Educational attainment in the Commonwealth’s “rural

horseshoe” lags the remainder of the state

– If the rural horseshoe were its own state of nearly 2.1

million residents, it would be tied with Arkansas at 50th

and ranked between Mississippi and West Virginia

with only 19% of its residents holding a bachelor’s

degree or higher – and 19% of adults fail to graduate

high school

– Nearly 1 in 3 adults are not in the workforce in

Southside and Southwest Virginia

Source: Virginia Community Colleges, Rural Virginia Horseshoe Initiative

37


Individuals with Credits Earned and No Degree

at a VA Public or Private, Nonprofit Institution

38

Total Individuals Earning wages less than $44k0-10 credits 318,808 257,315 11-29 credits 180,752 152,302 30-59 credits 101,861 87,643 60-89 credits 33,450 31,696 90+ 13,039 12,301 Total Credits 647,910 541,257

Source: SCHEV research

Notes: Credits--Virginians Enrolled in Public and Nonprofit Private Colleges between 1992-93 and 2012-2013 who Passed at Least One Class with a "D" or Better.Earnings—Earnings are based on years 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, or 2015


Virginia Plan Measure: Awards

Target: Grant 1.5 million undergraduate degrees and workforce credentials by 2030, including those that close the gap in unfilled jobs

Source: Commonwealth Degree, Certificate Completion Scorecard http://research.schev.edu/completions/completion_scorecard.asp

Actual and Projected Cumulative Awards to reach 1.5 million Target by 2030

Projections

Actuals

http://research.schev.edu/completions/completion_scorecard.asp



40


Virginia Attainment Rates by County and Independent City

41

Sussex 12.1% Scott 22.6% Wythe 26.7% Pulaski 30.4%

Greensville 14.0% Grayson 22.7% Tazewell 26.7% Campbell 30.5%

Covington City 17.0% Russell 23.2% Carroll 26.8% Portsmouth City 30.6%

Buckingham 17.1% Nottoway 23.3% Mecklenburg 26.9% Orange 30.6%

Buchanan 18.7% Highland 23.3% Halifax 26.9% Franklin 30.7%

Page 18.9% Bland 23.5% Alleghany 27.1% Prince Edward 31.6%

Essex 19.6% Southhampton 23.6% Louisa 27.3% Madison 31.6%

Charles City County 19.6% Dinwiddie 24.0% King William 27.4% Surry 31.7%

Lunenburg 19.9% Charlotte 24.4% Caroline 27.5% Prince George 31.8%

Lee 20.0% Patrick 25.0% Emporia City 28.4% Rockingham 32.0%

Hopewell City 20.1% Buena Vista City 25.0% Appomattox 28.4% Danville City 32.1%

Galax City 20.2% Craig 25.2% Bath 28.8% Greene 32.3%

Richmond 20.6% Waynesboro City 25.3% Northhampton 29.1% Colonial Heights City 32.4%

Dickenson 20.7% Accomack 25.4% Martinsville City 29.4% Lancaster 32.5%

Petersburg City 21.5% Westmoreland 25.6% Amherst 29.4% Middlesex 32.9%

Cumberland 21.9% Smyth 26.0% Floyd 29.9% Roanoke City 33.1%

Amelia 22.4% Henry 26.2% Culpepper 30.0% Bristol City 33.3%

King and Queen 22.5% Giles 26.2% Northumberland 30.1% Rockbridge 33.5%

Brunswick 22.5% Shenandoah 26.4% Augusta 30.1% Nelson 34.3%

Wise 22.6% Pittsylvania 26.6% Warren 30.3% Hampton City 34.8%

Source: Lumina Foundation


Virginia Attainment Rates by County and Independent City

42

Franklin City 34.8% Staunton City 41.1% Radford City 52.8%

Newport News City 35.1% Rappahannock 41.5% Charlottesville City 55.9%

Norfolk City 35.2% Salem City 41.8% York 56.0%

New Kent 35.3% Chesapeake City 41.8% Montgomery 56.9%

Gloucester 35.3% Fauquier 42.1% Williamsburg City 57.0%

Manassas Park City 36.1% Fredericksburg City 42.4% Lexington City 59.9%

Washington 36.3% Clarke 42.8% Albemarle 61.1%

Matthews 36.7% Lynchburg City 43.0% Fairfax City 63.5%

Norton City 37.0% Richmond City 43.2% Loudon 66.6%

Manassas City 37.0% Harrisonburg City 43.6% Fairfax 66.7%

Winchester City 37.4% Virginia Beach City 45.6% Alexandria City 67.0%

Powhatan 37.4% Goochland 45.8% Arlington 78.7%

Isle of Wight 37.6% Stafford 46.4% Falls Church City 84.5%

Sffolk City 37.9% Chesterfield 47.0%

Spotsylvania 38.1% Prince William 47.5%

Bedford 38.3% Hanover 48.4%

Fluvanna 38.7% Poquoson City 49.3%

Botetourt 38.8% Roanoke 49.4%

Frederick 40.2% Henrico 50.2%

King George 41.0% James City County 52.1%Source: Lumina Foundation


Virginia High School Graduations

43

Source: www.knocking.wiche.edu

Hispanic

School

Year

Hispanic

Alone, or Any

Race

White Black

American

Indian/Alaska

Native

Asian/Pacific

Islander

(Combined)

AY01 2,342 45,339 14,930 145 3,311 71,537 5,470 66,067

AY02 2,454 45,485 15,084 143 3,353 72,254 5,735 66,519

AY03 2,894 48,605 16,896 150 3,716 78,943 6,000 72,943

AY04 2,956 48,300 16,751 156 3,591 78,119 6,077 72,042

AY05 3,556 48,428 17,042 178 4,013 80,761 7,094 73,667

AY06 3,537 46,010 15,774 198 4,078 76,992 7,395 69,597

AY07 3,916 47,804 16,982 181 4,310 80,910 6,913 73,997

AY08 4,394 49,155 17,960 200 4,689 84,625 7,256 77,369

AY09 4,960 49,490 18,961 240 4,758 86,162 6,511 79,651

AY10 5,508 49,860 19,642 260 4,970 88,003 6,492 81,511

AY11 6,901 50,088 20,308 300 5,299 113 2,712 89,297 6,402 82,895

AY12 7,542 50,041 20,218 270 5,266 108 2,966 89,956 6,620 83,336

AY13 8,055 49,991 19,430 277 5,525 110 3,276 89,890 6,611 83,279

AY14 8,094 49,356 18,855 270 5,873 88,589 6,099 82,490

AY15 8,654 48,572 18,729 285 5,789 87,856 5,935 81,921

AY16 9,490 48,590 19,052 282 6,012 88,707 5,848 82,859

Public High School Graduations Total High School Graduations

GRAND

TOTAL

PRIVATE

SCHOOLS

TOTAL*

PUBLIC

SCHOOLS

TOTAL

Available Data for

Additional Race

Categories

Hawaiian/

Pacific

Islander

Two or

More Races

Non-Hispanic

Hispanic

School

Year

Hispanic

Alone, or Any

Race

White Black

American

Indian/Alaska

Native

Asian/Pacific

Islander

(Combined)

AY01 2,342 45,339 14,930 145 3,311 71,537 5,470 66,067

AY02 2,454 45,485 15,084 143 3,353 72,254 5,735 66,519

AY03 2,894 48,605 16,896 150 3,716 78,943 6,000 72,943

AY04 2,956 48,300 16,751 156 3,591 78,119 6,077 72,042

AY05 3,556 48,428 17,042 178 4,013 80,761 7,094 73,667

AY06 3,537 46,010 15,774 198 4,078 76,992 7,395 69,597

AY07 3,916 47,804 16,982 181 4,310 80,910 6,913 73,997

AY08 4,394 49,155 17,960 200 4,689 84,625 7,256 77,369

AY09 4,960 49,490 18,961 240 4,758 86,162 6,511 79,651

AY10 5,508 49,860 19,642 260 4,970 88,003 6,492 81,511

AY11 6,901 50,088 20,308 300 5,299 113 2,712 89,297 6,402 82,895

AY12 7,542 50,041 20,218 270 5,266 108 2,966 89,956 6,620 83,336

AY13 8,055 49,991 19,430 277 5,525 110 3,276 89,890 6,611 83,279

AY14 8,094 49,356 18,855 270 5,873 88,589 6,099 82,490

AY15 8,654 48,572 18,729 285 5,789 87,856 5,935 81,921

AY16 9,490 48,590 19,052 282 6,012 88,707 5,848 82,859


GRAND

TOTAL

PRIVATE

SCHOOLS

TOTAL*

PUBLIC

SCHOOLS

TOTAL

Available Data for

Additional Race

Categories

Hawaiian/

Pacific

Islander

Two or

More Races

Non-Hispanic

http://www.knocking.wiche.edu/


Virginia High School Graduations

44

Source: www.knocking.wiche.edu

Hispanic

School

Year

Hispanic

Alone, or Any

Race

White Black

American

Indian/Alaska

Native

Asian/Pacific

Islander

(Combined)

AY17 10,103 48,303 18,507 298 6,053 87,930 5,570 82,360

AY18 10,996 49,258 19,105 259 6,649 90,456 5,494 84,962

AY19 11,722 49,173 18,655 261 6,967 90,213 5,203 85,010

AY20 12,765 48,261 18,605 275 7,301 89,790 4,935 84,855

AY21 13,347 48,370 18,288 260 7,649 89,657 4,772 84,885

AY22 14,561 49,151 18,278 259 8,008 91,059 4,595 86,465

AY23 15,694 48,584 18,451 299 8,107 91,009 4,334 86,676

AY24 17,232 48,975 18,859 335 8,348 93,342 4,931 88,411

AY25 18,759 49,684 19,493 360 8,636 95,632 4,974 90,659

AY26 17,722 48,386 19,139 362 8,621 93,457 4,806 88,651

AY27 16,848 47,532 18,923 342 8,865 91,822 4,684 87,138

AY28 15,328 47,468 18,344 338 8,790 89,939 4,586 85,353

AY29 15,315 47,487 17,946 246 8,772 89,654 4,616 85,038

AY30 15,928 47,246 18,007 416 9,067 90,093 4,632 85,461

AY31 16,112 46,621 17,964 471 8,742 89,309 4,582 84,727

AY32 16,602 47,086 17,716 377 9,303 90,284 4,628 85,656


GRAND

TOTAL

PRIVATE

SCHOOLS

TOTAL*

PUBLIC

SCHOOLS

TOTAL

Non-Hispanic

http://www.knocking.wiche.edu/

Educational Attainment & Economic ProsperityBy 2020, 67% of jobs in Virginia will require postsecondary education 20 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% H.S. or less Some College, associate

Documents