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Time LineA Historical Perspective
on Early Childhood Education
Dr. ReutzelEL ED 6230
by Nancy Ruth Bittner
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Early Beginnings
431 BC
ThePeloponnesian
WarMarked the beginning
of education.
SocratesOriginated the
study of formallogic.
470-399 BC
AristotleRecognized the need fordifferences in teaching
the young.
384-322 BC
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Beginnings - The Reformation
ErasmusHumans can be self
determinate.
1490-1650
Martin LutherEducation for all. Arange of subjects
including music and art.
1483-1546
John ComeniusDesigned the first illustratedchildrens text and wrote a
first parenting book.
1592-1670
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Beginnings - The Reformation
John Locke
Emphasized naturaleducation-tabula rosa - a child is an
empty slate.
1632-1704
Old Deluder
Satan ActA religious act in Mass.Learning to read kept
children from evil.
1647
Jean RousseauWrote, Emile, about a child
reared and taught apartfrom other children.
Childhood is a unique
experience.
1762
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Beginnings - The Reformation
Johann Pestalozzi
Must raise and teach
children in a naturalisticway.
1746-1827
Noah WebsterStandardized spelling for
American English -The Blueback Speller.
1783
Fredrich FroebelEducation should produce apure, faithful, and holy life.
The Father of Kindergarten.
1782-1852
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Beginnings - Materials
The Hornbook
1590- 1700
An early primer.
Mother
Goose TalesPoems and stories
transcribed byCharles Perot.
1647
The New
England Primer
A religious primer forteaching reading to children.
Late 1600's
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Modern Education - 1850-1950
Margarethe
SchurzOpened the first
Kindergarten in Watertown,WI with 6 children.
1856
Elizabeth PeabodyOpened the first English
speaking Kindergarten with30 children in Boston.
1860
Harris and Blow
Opened the first public
Kindergarten.
1873
Blow
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Modern Education - 1850-1950
Ruth BurrittShe taught the model
Kindergarten featured inin the Womens Pavilion
at the PhiladelphiaCentennial Exposition.
1876
Womens Pavilion First Training
Schoolfor Kindergartenteachers at the Oshkosh
Normal School,
Philadelphia.
1880
Maria MontessoriOpened Casa dei Bambini, a
school for disadvantaged
children using methods fordeveloping the whole child.
1902
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Modern Education - 1850-1950John DeweyFounded theADewey
School@ with the idea
that children learn bestby doing.
1859-1952
Teachers Unions
The Elementary KindergartenNursery Educators (EKNE) and
International KindergartenUnion formed to unite early
childhood educators.
1884 & 1892
Susan Blow
& Patty HillTrained Kindergarten teachersat Columbia Teachers college
in a 14 week course.
1900
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Modern Education - 1850-1950
G. Stanley Hall
A child psychologist whodeveloped the Recapitulation
Theory. It says that children passthrough stages that the whole
human race has passed through
and in the same order.
1920
Arnold Gessell
Formed the Child GuidanceClinic at Yale. Stated that
children grow intrinsically in
an automatic unfolding.
1925
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Reading Readiness
1927
Mary Reed
Her dissertation stated that1 in 8 students were not
making progress and thatperhaps reading instruction
should be delayed.
Gray & HornStated that reading
gains might be greater
if not taught untilsecond grade.
1929
Morphett &
WashburneThrough an influentialstudy, set the age 6.5 as
the optimal age whenchildren should begin
reading instruction.
1931
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Reading ReadinessWillard OlsenReadiness determined by an
organismic age figured by physicalmeasures like head circumference
and loosing baby teeth.
1949
Robert HavinghurstCoins the term
ATeaching Moment@ implying
appropriate and inappropriate
times for instruction.
1953
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Reading Readiness
1974
Interpreted Piagets theories tosay that early readinginstruction has adverse effects
on cognitive growth.
Furter & Wachs
Piaget
HookA psychologist quoted as
saying that early reading mayadversely effect the left side
of the brain.
1978
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Emergent Literacy- Research & Change
1937
Arthur GatesChallenges readiness theories
in a study examining thevalidity of mental age. Found
that the quality of instructioninfluences learning.
Jerome BrunerBelieved that any child could
be taught effectively at any ageand stage of development.
1959 1966
Dolores Durkin
Studied children who readearly. Found that exposureand access to print
contributed to early reading.
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Recent Research
1993
Phonemic Awareness
Phonemic awareness instructionin Preschool and Kindergarten
strengthens reading achievementand is a precursor to phonics.
(Byrne & Fielding-Barnsley, 1993)
1999
Balanced ApproachTeachers must have a strong
knowledge of multiple methods forteaching reading and put them intopractice based on their students=needs. (IRA Position Statement)
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Recent Research
2000
National Reading Panel Report
Teaching Children To Read-Presents the most effective
approaches for teaching children toread based on scientific research.
Phonemic AwarenessPhonics Instruction
Guided Oral Reading
Comprehension Strategies
FluencyVocabulary Development
Computer Technology
Teacher Training
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