Editing

EDITING Chrissie Bishop

WHAT IS EDITING?

Video editing is the process of manipulating and rearranging video shots to create a new work. Editing is usually considered to be one part of the post production process — other post-production tasks include titling, colour correction, sound mixing, etc.

Editing can mean any of the following:

• Rearranging, adding and/or removing sections of video clips and/or audio clips.

• Applying colour correction, filters and other enhancements.

• Creating transitions between clips.

TRANSITION OF IMAGE AND SOUND A transition of sound is generally used to maintain the flow of the film into the next scene. This is usually done by removing all sound from a scene, perhaps inserting background music, and then fading in the sound from the next scene as it appears.

An image transition is important in good production. It is the moving from one scene to another. There are many different ways of carrying this out, perhaps fading a scene to black and then having the next scene fade from black. Although there are many different ways to do this and often more complex transitions are needed at dramatic moments in the film.

CONTINUINITY

A system of cutting used to maintain continuous and clear narrative action by following a set of rules.

The rules:

• Establishing shot

• Shot/reverse shot

• 30* and 180* rule

• Cross cutting

• Match on action

• Eyeline match

• Re-establishing shot

The benefits:• The narrative has structure. • The shot sequences flow seamlessly into each other.• It’s easy to watch the film.

• Youtube Link• http://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=8xauSCz1mEk&safe=active

NON-CONTINUINITY

Continuity is broken and construction is more apparent. Meaning often created through juxtaposition and metaphor shot inserts.

Montage editing: does not serve narrative, as does continuity. Films are "editing constructions“, exploits discontinuities between shots, such as jump cuts

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t47pOiwX3K8&list=UUi3g6JjzyIR8ZB2xHuJg1-g&index=4&feature=plcp

CUTTINGSHOT/REVERSE SHOT, EYELINE MATCH, GRAPHIC MATCH, ACTION MATCH, JUMP CUT, CROSSCUTTING, PARALLEL EDITING, CUTAWAY, INSERT.

SHOT/REVERSE SHOT

Shot reverse shot is a film technique where one character is shown looking at another character (usually off-screen), and then the other character is shown looking back at the first character. Since the characters are shown facing in opposite directions, the viewer assumes that they are looking at each other.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o1Ey0a6LJRA&safe=active

EYELINE MATCH

An eyeline match is a film editing technique associated with the continuity editing system. It is based on the premise that the audience will want to see what the character on-screen is seeing. The eyeline match begins with a character looking at something off-screen, followed by a cut to the object or person at which he is looking. For example, a man is looking off-screen to his left, and then the film cuts to a television that he is watching.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZSFD6aIhvFI

GRAPHIC / ACTION MATCH

A graphic match is a cut in film editing between either two different objects, two different spaces, or two different compositions in which an object in the two shots graphically match, often helping to establish a strong continuity of action and linking the two shot.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O7bvT1w77Yg

JUMP CUT

A jump cut is a cut in film editing in which two sequential shots of the same subject are taken from camera positions that vary only slightly. This type of edit gives the effect of jumping forwards in time. It is a manipulation of temporal space using the duration of a single shot, and fracturing the duration to move the audience ahead.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ONMSe_zhq70

CROSSCUTTING / PARALLEL EDITING Cross-cutting is an editing technique most often used in films to establish action occurring at the same time in two different locations. In a cross-cut, the camera will cut away from one action to another action, which can suggest the simultaneity of these two actions but this is not always the case.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S_I82117oAw

CUTAWAY

A cutaway shot is the interruption of a continuously filmed action by inserting a view of something else. It is usually, although not always, followed by a cut back to the first shot, when the cutaway avoids a jump cut.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UjwbwxUX2hY

INSERT

An insert is a shot of part of a scene as filmed from a different angle and/or focal length from the master shot. Inserts cover action already covered in the master shot, but emphasize a different aspect of that action due to the different framing.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kc8ych7Ngeg

OTHERS AND PACINGDISSOLVE, FADE-IN, FADE-OUT, WIPE, SUPERIMPOSITION, LONG/SHORT TAKE, SLOW/FAST MOTION, ELLIPSIS, EXPANSION OF TIME, POST-PRODUCTION VISUAL EFFECTS.

DISSOLVE

A dissolve is a gradual transition from one image to another. The terms fade-out and fade-in are used to describe a transition to and from a blank image.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hp5mLbSpKT8

FADE-IN AND FADE-OUT

The terms fade-out and fade-in are used to describe a transition to and from a blank image.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IKgFL5OyXos

WIPE

A wipe is a type of film transition where one shot replaces another by travelling from one side of the frame to another or with a special shape.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s4yg-Erfm64

SUPERIMPOSITION

Two distinct images appearing simultaneously with one superimposed upon the other.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h2Kpzxa2vTI

LONG/SHORT TAKE

A long take is an uninterrupted shot in a film which lasts much longer than the conventional editing pace either of the film itself or of films in general, usually lasting several minutes. It can be used for dramatic and narrative effect, and in moving shots is often accomplished through the use of a dolly or Steadicam. Long takes of a sequence filmed in one shot without any editing are rare in films.

SLOW/FAST MOTION

Slow motion is an effect in film-making whereby time appears to be slowed down, in contrast to fast motion where time is sped up.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UlC-6AOjTRY

ELLIPSIS

Refers to periods of time that have been left out of the narrative. The ellipsis is marked by an editing transitions which, while it leaves out a section of the action, none the less signifies that something has been elided.

EXPANSION OF TIME

When you expand time in a video, you are making the duration of the video sequence longer than real-time.

POST-PRODUCTION VISUAL EFFECTS Visual effects (VFX) are the various processes by which imagery is created and/or manipulated outside the context of a live action shot. Visual effects using computer generated imagery has recently become accessible to the independent filmmaker with the introduction of affordable and user friendly animation and compositing software.