SECURITY MANAGEMENT, CRIME AND SAFETY PROVISION IN ECO PARKS IN RELATION TO THE WELFARE OF TOURISTS A Thesis Proposal Presented to the Faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences Laguna State Polytechnic University Siniloan, Laguna In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science in Criminology
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SECURITY MANAGEMENT, CRIME AND SAFETY PROVISION IN
ECO PARKS IN RELATION TO THE
WELFARE OF TOURISTS
A Thesis Proposal
Presented to the Faculty of the
College of Arts and Sciences
Laguna State Polytechnic University
Siniloan, Laguna
In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree of
Bachelor of Science in Criminology
MARK RENZ FLORES JAMON
2014
VISION, MISSION, GOALS and OBJECTIVES
VISION
The Laguna State Polytechnic University is a center of development transforming lives and communities.
Mission and Main Thrust
Laguna State Polytechnic University provides quality education through
responsive instruction, distinctive research, and sustainable extension and production
services for improved life towards nation building.
Core Values
LSPU develops
S pirited
T ransparent
U pright
D isciplines
E fficient
N oble
T rustworthy
S killful
GOALS
The College of Arts and Sciences is committed to develop among students a
well-rounded personality flexible enough to adjust in the changing demands of global
competitiveness in instruction, research, extension and production; equipping them with
knowledge and skills in Computer Education, Business, Liberal Arts, Natural and Social
Sciences
Philosophy
It has been believe that each student is a distinctive individual who necessitate a
secure, caring, and stimulating atmosphere in which makes students to grow and
mature emotionally, intellectually, physically, socially and morally. To help and provide
students access to hands-on activities and to use it in adequate time, for them to
discover and construct things that are meaningful and relevant for the world of work.
General Objectives
The Bachelor of Science in Criminology program is designed to provide students
with knowledge and skills in the study of historical and contemporary patterns of crime
responses to crime of the society and study of crime and delinquency. It focuses on the
processes involved and the functions of the criminal justice in the country.
Specific Objectives
1. To foster the values of leadership, integrity, accountability and responsibility to
the student to serve and protect their fellowmen assigned to community and
country;
2. To prepare the students for careers in crime prevention, law enforcement,
scientific crime detention and correctional administration;
3. To explore the real service that may use in responding in the crime scene
4. To encourage research and inquiry on the nature, causes treatment or
punishment of criminal behavior and how criminal justice agencies respond to
crime, criminals and victims.
Chapter 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Introduction
The world in which we live has seen such dramatic change since the turn of the
century. This is particularly true when it comes to the issue of safety and security. With
the increased frequency and severity of natural and man-made crises over the past
decades, the feeling of safety, both physically and psychologically, has been
challenged. And man’s sense of security has become less secure.
Tourist’s safety remains an important topic worldwide. Perceived or real threats
to tourist have immediate impacts on a destination's reputation and can dramatically
affect visitation. If tourist’s health and safety is not well managed, adverse incidents can
significantly make an impact on the profitability and sustainability of an individual’s
business, community or destination. If a tourist feels threatened or unsafe during a trip
this may have an impact on the length of stay and expenditure. If a destination develops
a negative image for tourist safety this will likely result in a declining tourist market for
the region.
Crime is a term that seems to defy precise definition. Criminal behavior is
behavior in violation of criminal law. The criminal law in turn is defined conventionally as
a body of specific rules regarding human conduct which have been promulgated by
political authority which apply uniformly to all members of the classes to which are
enforced by punishment and administered by the state (Shafer. 1967; Sutherland and
Cressey, 1974, by the www.fs.fed.us/psw/publications/chavez/uncapturedJpsw. 2006)
defines crime is committed by man-made law ...According to almost all criminal codes of
the world, crime in general is defined as an action or behavior that qualifies as crime by
the order of the criminal law. In this research study the most pertinent type of criminal
behavior which violates the laws of the land, is when it happens in the context or
environment of tourism.
In Laguna there are so many Tourist spots which can be a subject for this study;
the proponent has selected several Eco parks as the Subject of the research because
they are the most famous Tourist spots in their Towns. Twin falls in Kalayaan, Laguna,
Tatlong krus in Paete, Laguna, Piit Eco Park in Pangil, Laguna and Buruwisan falls in
Siniloan, Laguna. But not all of this is well secured and has sufficient safety provision.
So there are some cases that the visitor or tourist was injured or died because of the
lack in security.
Tourism being one of the main sources of income in Laguna and since Security
plays a vital role and can effect widely in the Tourism Industry, it became the main
reason why the relationship between Tourism and Security Management has been the
field of research of several authors. The research objective is to determine how secured
the tourist are in the selected parks, what security measures the management are
implementing, and provide solutions to ensure the safety and security of the tourist.
The management needs to ensure the safety of the tourist to avoid incidents or
crimes so that the tourist will come again, because in the Philippines, tourism is one of
the main sources of income.
Background of the study
Safety and security have always been indispensable condition for travel and
tourism. But it is an incontestable fact that safety and security issues gained a much
bigger importance in the last two decades in tourism. Changes in the World during the
last two decades were enormous. Due terrorist acts, local wars, natural disasters,
epidemics and pandemics, that we were witnesses to, security has significantly
decreased. The travel and tourism industry could not avoid the negative impacts and
consequences of these events. Moreover some of these events manifested the
vulnerability of tourism both on global and regional levels. Therefore this fact
necessitates the research and study of the relationship between security issues and
tourism, including the creation of a new, up to date definition of the notion “security and
safety in tourism”. Studying problems of safety and security became vital for the tourism
industry.
In the context of this study, the concern of the researcher is with the existence of
crime, disaster and absence of safety and security in the Laguna Eco Parks. The
researcher wants to make sure or to create awareness, about the importance of the
local tourist visiting the destination, regarding crime, safety and security. It is very
painful when one hears that the tourists have been mugged or robbed because that
adds to the statistics and records of how many tourists have been affected by criminal
activities in Laguna. Such recorded occurrences cannot be erased from memory, but
can minimize the number of tourists who want to participate in tourism activities and
have a vacation of the area affected, that is Laguna 4th District.
The interest of the researcher is also to establish whether the study area itself
does have any policies and practices that are in place in order to prevent the criminal
activities and safety of the tourist. In addition, it is to find out whether the policies in
promoting the tourism’s safety and security do succeed, because without the tourists,
the destination cannot be marketed.
It is also important to establish whether the policies and practices are stipulated
in such a way that the tourism authorities, provided by the community protection forum
are assisted by these policies and practices. Safety is the most important activity if one
wants to see tourism industry growing. Tourism has seen as an industry that is growing
faster than any, that it is a money-generating industry as well as that it is creating many
job opportunities that any other industry. It would therefore be wise not to vandalize this
industry with the activities that can be avoided
Literature Review
According to Cage, (2002) a tourist is defined as a person who travels away from
his or her home for whatever reason, be it for a holiday, to do business, to represent his
country in sport, to attend a religious function or to attend a conference. On the other
hand the Tourism White Paper (DEAT, 1996: 3) describes a tourist as a person who
travels away from home, staying away for at least one night. A tourist can be a domestic
tourist (for example) a resident of Johannesburg staying one night in Durban or an
overseas tourist staying one or more nights in the Free State.
According to Cooper(1996: 16) a tourist related to an individual who travels away
from home on a temporary movement to destinations outside the normal home and
work place environment. Similar to the previous definition, for purposes of this study the
definitions given above are accepted for this study, that is, definitions emphasizing
travel away from; the variety of activities engaged in and period of time taken away from
home. Finally, Moyle (2008) argues that maybe we should look at leisure tourists or
leisure shoppers as a potential leisure market because as economies grow, the demand
for travel will follow.
According to Collier (1994) some \'inters tend to view safety as the state of being
free from danger, or more practically, the use of methods and devices that reduce,
control, or prevent accidents. Almost every kind of endeavor occupational, recreational,
domestic, or transportation-engaged in by a man is subject to risk, which nevertheless
can be prevented.
The activities that seek either to minimize or eliminate hazardous conditions that
can cause bodily injury. Safety precautions fall under two principal heading occupational
safety and public safety. Occupational safety is concerned with risk encountered in
areas where people work: offices construction site and commercial and retail facilities.
Public safety involves hazards met in the home, in travel and recreation, and other
situations falling the scope of occupational safety.
According to Encyclopedia Britannica, (1996) they view security as any of various
means or devices designed to guard persons and property against abroad range of
hazards, including crime, fire, accidents, espionage, sabotage, subversion, and attack.
According to Siegel (2005), crime is a violation of societal rules of behavior as
interpreted and expressed by the criminal law, which reflects public opinion, traditional
values and the viewpoint of people currently holding social and political power.
Individuals who violate these rules are subject to sanctions by the state authority, and
result in social stigma and the loss of status.
According to Hall (2006: 8), policy should therefore be seen as a consequence of
the political environment, values and ideologies, the distribution of 12 power,
institutional frameworks, and for decision-making processes. It is a prudent conduct;
course or a general plan of action adopted by a party or a government. Other writers
such as Funk and Wagnals (1974) define policy as a course or plan of action, especially
of administration action. On the other hand Oldhams (1970: 161) defines policy as a set
of accepted principles and plans constitution programs of action. Policy will always
provide guidance and limits within which tourism education and training take place.
Some of the important elements of policy are introduced and are dealt with
adequately in the subsequent chapters. For this purpose of this study the definition by
Hall (2000) is adopted. This definition contains elements that point to what policy should
provide for in a recreation and tourism environment. According to Van Niekerk
(1988:36) a policy is a predetermined general guide, one formulated to indicate an
acceptable course in decision-making, wherein the explanation of policy would apply.
Another interpretation of the concept 'policy' relates to where governments are involved,
and public policy is brought into play. Public policy is therefore seen as the structure or
confluence of values and behavior involving a governmental prescription (Hall, 2000:8).
Goeldner and Ritchie (2006: 3) define tourism policy as a set of regulations,
rules, guidelines, directives and development or promotion of objectives and strategies
that provide a framework within which the collective and individual decisions directly
affecting long-term tourism development and 13the daily activities within a destination
are taken. It is the way in which tourism must be done.
According to Bruce, (1997) the Reduce Crime en Schede-Haven Project by
police and the business community was established to perform the preventive
surveillance needed on the site. Participants received a basic security diploma on
completion of the training course. During the project phase, a trainee accompanied the
police on their evening, night and weekend surveillance shifts on the industrial site.
According to Hall (2000) the variety of local and regional tourism policy is
highlighted by the recent attempts to produce conceptual categorizations of the roles,
planning approaches and geographic scales of tourism policy. In this regard, Hall (2000)
further identified eight functional roles played by tourism policy: coordination, planning,
legislation, entrepreneurial support, stimulation, promotion, social tourism and public
interest protection of these different roles.
According to Matthews, et ai, (1986) the massive growth of the tourism industry,
including the involvement of governments, and the perceived negative impacts on
tourism in developing countries, has helped in bringing about an increase in activities
related to tourism policy analysis especially in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Within
the work of tourism public policy there are extremely significant aspects of tourism that
need to be analyzed and better understood. This should happen whether it is at local,
regional, national or global scale.
Theoretical Framework
The part of research study consists of theories on security and safety of the
tourist that is related to the present study.
According to the theory presented by (McIntosh et al. 1995) tourism and crime,
tourists can be easy prey for criminals. Tourists do not know about the dangerous areas
or local situations in which they might be very vulnerable to violent crimes. They
become easy marks for robbers and other offenders because they are readily identified
and are usually not very well equipped to ward off an attack. Sometimes popular tourist
attractions such as parks or beaches are within walking tours from the hotel may bring
tourist into a high crime areas lying directly in the path taken to reach this attraction
(McIntosh et al. 1995).
According to the theory of relationship between tourism and crime by Pizam &
II. SECURITY MANAGEMENT TEST (Security guard/guard)
Instruction: Please provide the appropriate response by putting ( √ ) mark on the boxes.
5 - Very satisfied 4 - Satisfied 3 - Undecided 2 - Unsatisfied 1 - Very unsatisfied
5 4 3 2 1
1. Do you think this Eco Park is safe enough for the tourist?2. Do you think the number of security guard in this Eco Park can ensure the safeness of the tourist?3. Are you satisfied with your equipment regarding the safety of tourist?
Instruction: Please provide the appropriate response by putting ( √ ) mark on the boxes.
5 - Always 4 - Often 3 - Sometimes 2 - Rarely 1 - Never
5 4 3 2 1
1. How often do you attend seminar or training about security management?2. How frequent do you go to the area to check its safety?
APPENDIX A
Questionnaire
SECURITY MANAGEMENT, CRIME AND SAFETY PROVISION IN ECO PARKS IN
RELATION TO THE WELFARE OF TOURISTS
QUESTIONNAIRE
I. DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF THE RESPONDENTS
Instruction: Please provide the appropriate response and fill the needed
information.
Eco Park Visited: ____________________
Employed in: _________________
Name: _________________________________
Age: ____
Sex: ( ) Male ( ) Female
Educational background:
( ) Elementary ( ) Secondary
( ) College Course: ____________
Civil Status: ________
Religion: _______________ Places visited in the Philippines:
Instruction: Please provide the appropriate response by putting ( √ ) mark on the boxes.
5 - Very adequate 4 - Adequate 3 - Undecided 2 - Inadequate 1 - Very inadequate
5 4 3 2 1
1. Do you have sufficient CCTV camera?2. Do you have enough first aid supplies in case of emergency?3. Do you have enough safety pre-cautions?4. Do you have enough communication Network like radio, telephone or computer?5. Do you have a list of incident happened in this Eco park?6. Do you have tickets to be given to the tourist when they entered?7. Do you have Direction signages?
Instruction: Please provide the appropriate response by putting ( √ ) mark on the boxes.
5 - Very satisfied 4 - Satisfied 3 - Undecided 2 - Unsatisfied 1 - Very unsatisfied
5 4 3 2 1
1. How well did the security guards performed their own task?2. Do you think the number of your security guards can ensure the tourists?3. How satisfied do you in helping of the mayor to your area?
5 - Always 4 - Often 3 - Sometimes 2 - Rarely 1 - Never
5 4 3 2 1
1. Is there any case wherein one person’s life was threatened?
2. How frequent does the incidents happened?
3. How often do you check if there’s enough first aid supplies?4. How often theft occurs?
Instruction: Please provide the appropriate response by putting ( √ ) mark on the boxes.
5 - Very efficient 4 - Efficient 3 - Undecided 2 - Inefficient 1 - Very inefficient