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EDIBLE VACCINES
Dr Fatima Shad KProfessor
Panjwani Center For MolecularMedicine and Drug Research
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1998 - FIRST HUMAN TRIAL SHOWS THAT AN
EDIBLE VACCINE IS FEASIBLE Opening a new era in vaccine delivery,
researchers supported by the NationalInstitute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases(NIAID) have shown for the first time thatan edible vaccine can safely triggersignificant immune responses in people.
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Immune responses to vaccines are influenced by:1. the route of immunization ( injection or oral ),2. the form of the antigen ( live, killed, soluble, peptide
subunit, particulate, etc .) and3. the presence in the vaccine of biologically active
elements that mediate specific tissue tropisms.They may also contain adjuvants, vectors or vehicles
(Walker, 1994; Spriggs, 1996) that effect the quality andquantity of immune response.
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Tomato expressing RSV vaccine
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We give thanks for this meal
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A lot to swallow
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WHY WE CANNOT USE PLANTAS WHOLE
Difficult to be confident about dose due toplant to plant and field to field variability
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Why it is difficult to be confidentabout dose
Levels of variability [in vaccine expression] fromplant to plant or from field to field.
One possibility is freeze-drying the products of
transgenic plants. The added advantage of the freeze-dryingprocess is that it concentrates the amount ofprotein expressed by the plant that generates
the immune response (the antigen), by 2030 -fold.
HOW?????
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WHY WE SHOULD USE PELLET
Consistent dose of vaccine Concentrate the amount of protein
expressed to 20-30 times
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WHO WILL GET MAXIMUMBENFIT
The unlucky 20% who cannot afford tohave basic vaccines for:
Diphtheria Whooping cough Polio
Measles and Tetanus
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HOW ORAL VACCINE MAYDEVELOP IMMUNE TOLERANCE
Discuss why we are permitted by FDA forboosting antibody levels in individualalready immunized with the injectablehepatitis B vaccine?
What is immune tolerance? How it causes fatal liver disease? What is intestinal immune system?
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EDIBLE VACCINES STIMULATESBOTH
Mucosal Immunity Circulating Immunity
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WONDERS OF MUCOUS
Pathogen enters through orifices First line of defense in the mucous lining of
these openings GIT Reproductive System
Respiratory System Urinary System
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IS DIABETES AN IMMUNEDISORDER?
DISCUSS
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"Edible vaccines offer exciting possibilities forsignificantly reducing the burden of diseases like
hepatitis and diarrhea, particularly in the developingworld where storing and administering vaccines areoften major problems," says Anthony S. Fauci, M.D.,director of NIAID.
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Immune System
Recognize pathogensthrough antigens
Viruses should beattenuated
Good to eat raw ediblevaccines
Tomato, Potato, Rice,Tobacco and banana aregood candidates foredible vaccines
Hepatitis B and Cholera
How to avoiddegeneration of antigenin stomach?
Why weaker virus causesimmunity NOT disease?
Why we cannot cookthem?
Why banana is an idealvector for vaccine?
How Hepatitis B virustravels through the body?
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