-
Transmission8 TransmissionCellular transmission is expanded to
EDGE data rates with the use of existingPlesiosynchronous Digital
Hierarchy/Synchronous Digital Hierarchy solutionsinherent to Nokia
MetroSite EDGE BTS and Nokia UltraSite EDGE BTS. TheNokia UltraSite
EDGE BTS solution and Nokia MetroHub enable the building
oftransmission hub sites, which are needed for grooming traffic and
arrangingprotection. BTS cabinet and site-integrated solutions
provide smooth, timely, andreliable implementation and simplicity
of operation. Various topologies (forexample, star, loop, and mesh)
and media (for example, radio-link, wire-line, andfibre-optic) with
provisioning for future growth are supported. In addition, nodefile
based commissioning is supported. Figure 20 shows an example
transmissionsolution configuration.DN00219181 Nokia Networks Oy 53
(72)Issue 2-0 en Nokia Proprietary and Confidential
-
Nokia EDGE Technical OverviewFigure 20. Transmission solution
example
Nokia UltraSite EDGE BTS and Nokia MetroHub offer a variety of
interfaceswith capacity ranging from E1/T1 2 Mbit/s/1.5 Mbit/s 16x2
Mbit/s. The SDHinterfaces can be implemented by site integrated
solution. EDGE sets newrequirements on the Abis transmission
capacity, since the amount of trafficcarried in the Abis is much
higher than non-EDGE operations.
8.1 Dynamic Abis
With enhanced data rates per radio time slot varying between 8.8
and 59.2 kbit/s,traditional static Abis allocation does not use
transmission resources efficiently.The Dynamic Abis feature is
introduced to optimise loading, by splitting PulseCode Modulations
(PCMs) into permanent time slots for signalling and voice, andby
providing a dynamic pool for data. The pool is shared by a number
of TRXs.The Dynamic Abis transmission feature saves up to 60
percent of the Abistransmission expansion cost, since it allows
Abis dimensioning to be performedcloser to the average data rates
instead of at peak rates. This savings also appliesto the reduced
number of 2M BSC interfaces needed.54 (72) Nokia Networks Oy
DN00219181Nokia Proprietary and Confidential Issue 2-0en
-
Transmission
Abis channel mapping is arranged so that the standard GSM TRXs
are connectedto the BSC in a conventional fashion, such as 16 or 64
kbit/s. These bits arereserved permanently for signalling (TRXSIG)
for each TCH, and 16 kbit/s arereserved permanently for each TCH.
The same applies to GSM/EDGE TRXs, butwhen required, the BSC
allocates Abis capacity for data calls from the EGPRSdynamic pool
when needed, for example, when MCS-3 or higher is used. Normal
GPRS (non-EGPRS) calls using MCS-2,3 and 4 can also use EDAP
resourceswhen allocated into EGPRS territory (GSM/EDGE TRXs). The
Dynamic Abispool is common for multiple GSM/EDGE TRXs located at
various sites.
EGPRS and Dynamic Abis use a new type of PCU frame to connect
with the AbisL1 interface. GSM/EDGE TRXs use the PCU Master data
and PCU Slave dataframes to tranfer both GPRS and EGPRS data. EGPRS
Dynamic Pools decreasethe number of GPRS channels by the total
number of EDPRSs.
In downlink, the required EDAP resources are allocated with 16
kbp/s resolutionfor the CS/MCS. In uplink, the required EDAP
resources are always allocated forthe maximum CS/MCSs that can be
admitted to MS.
Figure 21 shows an example of Dynamic Abis pooling.
Figure 21. Dynamic Abis pooling
00222669
BCCH TCH 1 TCH 2 TCH 3TCH 4 TCH 5 TCH 6 TCH 7TRX 1 OMU 1 TXR 2
OMU 2TCH 0 TCH 1 TCH 2 TCH 3TCH 4 TCH 5 TCH 6 TCH 7BCCH TCH 1 TCH 2
TCH 3TCH 4 TCH 5 TCH 6 TCH 7TRX 3 OMU 3TCH 0 TCH 1 TCH 2 TCH 3TCH 4
TCH 5 TCH 6 TCH 7TRX 4 OMU 4 TXR 5 OMU 5BCCH TCH 1 TCH 2 TCH 3TCH 4
TCH 5 TCH 6 TCH 7TCH 0 TCH 1 TCH 2 TCH 3TCH 4 TCH 5 TCH 6 TCH 7TRX
6 OMU 6
A
B BTS
BTS
Abis PCM with 6 EDGE TRXs
BSC
EGPRS DynamicAbis pool
EDGE TRX 6EDGE TRX 5
EDGE TRX 4
EDGE TRX 3EDGE TRX 2
EDGE TRX 1
Abis
123456789
10111213141516171819202122232425262728293031
Example: Data call from TRX 6(MCS>=2)
Example: Data call from TRX 2(MCS>=2)DN00219181 Nokia
Networks Oy 55 (72)Issue 2-0 en Nokia Proprietary and
Confidential
-
Nokia EDGE Technical Overview56 (72) Nokia Networks Oy
DN00219181Nokia Proprietary and Confidential Issue 2-0en
-
Terminals9 TerminalsEDGE will be a standard feature in GSM and
WCDMA terminals. The plannedavailability for EDGE terminals is 2H
2002. EDGE has mass market capabilityand incremental cost increase
to GSM. In EDGE and GPRS networks, EGPRSterminals are required,
since these networks must be able to support multimediaand data
formats.
In addition to providing superior two-way voice and video
communication,EDGE terminals are planned to deliver a variety of
services, such as:
Voice, e-mail, imaging, locationing, and browsing
- Average 40-120 kbit/s user data rates- Still pictures and
video clips- WAP, MMS, and Java- Color display
World phone for all continents
- EDGE for GSM and WCDMA operators- Multi band EDGE for 800,
900, 1800, and 1900 MHz
Downward compatibility with 2G systems
- CSD and HSCDS- GPRS and EGPRS
The GPRS and EDGE terminal classes combine to provide up to six
types ofterminals, as shown in Figure 22. EDGE provides uplink and
downlinkcapabilities for terminals. GPRS defines three classes of
terminals: Class A, ClassB, and Class C.DN00219181 Nokia Networks
Oy 57 (72)Issue 2-0 en Nokia Proprietary and Confidential
-
Nokia EDGE Technical Overview
Class A terminals will support simultaneous circuit-switched and
packet-switched traffic. These terminals, which will be developed
during laterNote
stages because both require full duplex TRXs, are defined as
Simple ClassA and Class A.
Class B terminals attach to the network as both circuit-switched
andpacket-switched clients, but only support traffic from one
service at a time.Class B terminals will be symmetric, with 8PSK in
both uplink anddownlink.
Class C terminals may support both circuit-switched and
packet-switchedservices. In the near future, Class C terminals will
be PCMCIA cards withdata-only features.
With Class C terminals, users must manually select either CS or
PS mode, or theterminals can be set up to accept data only. Class C
terminals cannot acceptpaging from both CS and PS at the same time.
However, Class B terminals canaccept paging of any type when in
idle mode.
Figure 22. GPRS and EDGE terminal types
00238038
Asymmetric(8PSK in
Downlink only)Symmetric
(8PSK in Uplinkand Downlink)
Simultaneous Voice and Data
EDGE1
CLASSA
CLASSB
CLASSC
2GPRS
Non-Simultaneous Voice and Data
Manually selected Voice (CS) orData (PS) or exclusively Data
(PS)58 (72) Nokia Networks Oy DN00219181Nokia Proprietary and
Confidential Issue 2-0en
-
EDGE Network Planning Service10 EDGE Network Planning ServiceAs
with GSM networks, Nokia provides operators with a comprehensive
set ofnetwork planning services for 3G EDGE networks. These
services help operatorsexpand their packet-switched datacom
services in mobile networks. Theseservices support operators in
planning their networks to ensure that the newservices and
technologies, together with the existing networks, form an
integratedplatform for operators businesses.
Nokia EDGE Network Planning Service has an overall system
approach,covering planning for the entire 3G EDGE network. Nokia
EDGE NetworkPlanning Service consists of the following service
modules: radio networkplanning, core network planning, cellular
transmission network planning, andtransport network planning.
10.1 Radio network planning
Introducing EDGE services on the air-interface of a sensitive
fully operationalGSM/EGPRS network requires efficient use of
existing radio resources whenshared between packet- and
circuit-switched users. Radio network planning isessential for
spectrum efficiency. It is also essential for determining where,
when,and to what level of quality EDGE services are successfully
launched, withoutaffecting the overall network Quality of Service
(QoS). Radio network planningconsists of general radio network
planning, EDGE air-interface dimensioning,and EDGE parameter
planning.
General radio network planning
During the introduction of EGPRS, Nokias general radio network
planningguarantees a continued high level of QoS for circuit switch
users and existingpacket data users. Additionally, Nokia offers
cell planning to fit the EGPRSrequirements in terms of coverage,
C/I, and throughput. General radio networkplanning consists of
evaluations of the network coverage, interference,
andcapacity.DN00219181 Nokia Networks Oy 59 (72)Issue 2-0 en Nokia
Proprietary and Confidential
-
Nokia EDGE Technical Overview
EDGE air-interface dimensioningNokia analyses the air-interface
dimensioning to estimate EGPRS datathroughput rates and traffic
impacts on shared resources between voice and data.
EDGE parameter planning
Through EDGE parameter planning, Nokia tunes network cell
parametersaccording to operator-specific design pre-requisites, in
terms of coverage levels,cell layer structures, traffic demands,
and circuit switch idle mode behaviour.Optimum cell parameters are
derived, based on results from Nokias extensivesimulations.
10.2 Core network planning
EDGE core network planning meets operators individual business
strategydemands when designing and dimensioning the backbone
network, in terms ofinfrastructure, external connectivity, and
signalling capacity.
Nokia provides EDGE core network planning, both to operators who
want toimplement new EDGE core networks on their existing GSM
networks, and tooperators who want to upgrade their existing GPRS
core networks to the EDGEcapacity level.
Nokia offers an analysis of the operators current network
infrastructure,operational profiles, and an interpretation of the
operators EDGE businessstrategies and future forecasts. Based on
this information, a network analysisdefines the needed changes to
the current IP infrastructure.
The major deliverables of EDGE core network planning include:
Gb-interface network plan, including BSC (PCU), Frame Relay link,
and
SGSN (PAPU) configurations IP backbone blueprint
External connectivity plan
EDGE SS7 network design
Security proposal for IP backbone
In the case of an existing GPRS core network, Nokia offers
upgrade core networkplanning for each of the planning deliverables
mentioned.60 (72) Nokia Networks Oy DN00219181Nokia Proprietary and
Confidential Issue 2-0en
-
EDGE Network Planning Service
10.3 Cellular transmission network planning
Cellular transmission network planning supports operators in
defining optimisedsolutions for introducing new services and
technologies to existing networks toprovide a customised network
with expansion capabilities. Cellular transmission
network planning consists of:
Pre-planning
Nominal planning of cellular transmission solutions
Detailed planning of cellular transmission solutions
10.3.1 Pre-planning
The aim of Transmission planning is to create a good basis for a
cost-effective andtechnically optimised network plan that describes
types and estimated numbers ofequipment needed during the network
rollout, such as the amount of mobileswitching centres, radio
network controllers, base stations and transmissionequipment.
10.3.2 Nominal planning of cellular transmission solutions
Nominal planning of cellular transmission solutions includes the
following:
General transmission network diagram for base station access and
corenetworks in phases
General transmission network diagram showing capacity
requirements,media selection, preliminary transmission network
topology andprotection, which fulfils the pre-defined quality
requirements of thenetwork
General management network principles with area definitions
Synchronisation principles for the main network
The number of connections in different interfaces in BSS and
RANnetwork, and the number and capacity of possible cross
connectionequipmentDN00219181 Nokia Networks Oy 61 (72)Issue 2-0 en
Nokia Proprietary and Confidential
-
Nokia EDGE Technical Overview
10.3.3 Detailed planning of cellular transmission
solutionsDetailed planning of cellular transmission solutions
includes the following:
Capacity & network topology planning
Microwave-link planning
2 Mbit/s planning
Time-slot and cross-connect planning
Synchronisation planning
Network management planning (Q1,Q3,IP)
10.4 Transport network planning
Nokia provides transport network planning to assess operators
current orproposed network infrastructure and to interpret
operators network businessstrategies and future forecasts. Nokia
uses the information gathered to determinenetwork growth.
The Nokia planning group then produces the most cost-effective
and technicallyoptimised network plan. This plan outlines the
selected network architecture andthe amount of equipment needed for
network rollout.62 (72) Nokia Networks Oy DN00219181Nokia
Proprietary and Confidential Issue 2-0en
-
Standards
Appendix A. Standards
Nokia participates in and contributes to 3GPP standardization
forums. Nokiasfirst EDGE release complies with the main parts of
Release 99 (with a TSG-SA#9baseline level). Nokia follows up with
subsequent EDGE-related ChangeRequests, and implements the relevant
parts of those to the EDGE release.DN00219181 Nokia Networks Oy 63
(72)Issue 2-0 en Nokia Proprietary and Confidential
-
Nokia EDGE Technical Overview
Appendix B. Glossary3G
Third Generation Wireless
3G RAN
Third Generation Radio Access Network
8PSK
8-ary Phase Shift Keying
Abis
Interface between BTS and BSC
AMR
Adaptive MultiRate
ARQ
Automatic Request for re-transmission
BB
Backbone
BCCH
Broadcast Control Channel
BCF
Base station Control Function
BCSU
Base station Controller Signalling Unit
BSC
Base Station Controller
BSS
Base Station Subsystem
BTS
Base Transceiver Station64 (72) Nokia Networks Oy
DN00219181Nokia Proprietary and Confidential Issue 2-0en
-
Glossary
CDSU
Compact Data Signalling Unit
CGCharging Gateway
C/I
Carrier to Interference ratio; determines the maximum throughput
that eachsubscriber can achieve
CORBA
Common Object Request Broker ArchitectureCSD
Circuit-Switched Data
DCN
Data Communication Network
DDD
Dynamic Downlink Diversity
EAMR
Enhanced Adaptive MultiRate
EDGE
Enhanced Data rates for Global Evolution
EGPRS
Enhanced General Packet Radio Service
EIR
Equipment Identification Register
ETSI
European Telecommunication Standards InstituteDN00219181 Nokia
Networks Oy 65 (72)Issue 2-0 en Nokia Proprietary and
Confidential
-
Nokia EDGE Technical Overview
FECForward Error Correction
FR
Frame Relay or Full Rate
GERAN
GSM/EDGE Radio Access Network
GSN
GPRS Support Node
GGSN
Gateway GPRS Support Node
GMSK
Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying
GPRS
General Packet Radio Service
GSM
Global System for Mobile Communication
GSM 900
GSM 900 MHz frequency band
GSM 1800
GSM 1800 MHz frequency band
GSM 1900
GSM 1900 MHz frequency band
GSWB
8 kbit Group Switch
HARQ
Type II Hybrid Automatic Request for re-transmission66 (72)
Nokia Networks Oy DN00219181Nokia Proprietary and Confidential
Issue 2-0en
-
Glossary
HLR
Home Location Register
HRHalf Rate
HSCSD
High Speed Circuit-Switched Data
ICE
Intelligent Coverage Enhancement
IDD
Intelligent Downlink Diversity
IMEI
International Mobile Equipment Identifier
IMSI
International Subscriber Identity
IP
Internet Protocol
IR
Incremental Redundancy
IRC
Interference Rejection CombiningISDN
Integrated Services Digital Network
Iu-CS
UMTS Circuit Switched Interface between RNC and MSCDN00219181
Nokia Networks Oy 67 (72)Issue 2-0 en Nokia Proprietary and
Confidential
-
Nokia EDGE Technical Overview
Iu-PSUMTS Packet Switched Interface between RNC adn SGSN
IWF
InterWorking Function
kbit/s
kilobits per second
ksps
kilo symbol per second
LA
Link Adaptation
LAN
Local Area Network
LNA
Low Noise Amplifier
Mbit
Megabit
Mbit/s
Megabits per second
MCS
Modulation and Coding Scheme
MR
Maximum Ratio
MRC
Maximal Ratio Combining
MS
Mobile Station68 (72) Nokia Networks Oy DN00219181Nokia
Proprietary and Confidential Issue 2-0en
-
Glossary
MSC
Mobile Switching Centre
MT-SMSMobile-Terminated Short Message Service
NMS
Network Management Systems
NSS
Network Switching Subsystem
OSS
Operations Support System
PCCH
Packet Common Control Channel
PCM
Pulse Code Modulation
PCSU
Packet Control Unit
PCU
Packet Control Unit
PDCH
Packet Data Channels
PDH
Plesiosynchronous Digital Hierarchy
PLMN
Public Land Mobile NetworkDN00219181 Nokia Networks Oy 69
(72)Issue 2-0 en Nokia Proprietary and Confidential
-
Nokia EDGE Technical Overview
PSTNPublic Switched Telephone Network
QoS
Quality of ServiceQR
Quarter RateRF
Radio Frequency
RPC
Remote Procedure Call
RNW
Radio Network
RRM
Radio Resource Management
SDH
Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
SEG
Segment (telecom cell)SGSN
Serving GPRS Support Node
SMS-GMSC
Short Message Services-Gateway Mobile Switching Centre
SNMP
Simple Network Management Protocol
SRC
Nokia Smart Radio Concept for EDGE70 (72) Nokia Networks Oy
DN00219181Nokia Proprietary and Confidential Issue 2-0en
-
Glossary
SS7
Signalling System 7 or Common Channel Signalling System No. 7
(SS7 or C7) isa global standard for telecommunications defined by
the InternationalTelecommunication Union (ITU) Telecommunication
Standardisation Sector(ITU-T).
TBF
Temporary Block Flow
TCH
Traffic Channel
TDMA
Time Division Multiple Access
TRAU
Transcoding and Rate Adaptation Unit
TU3
TU3 UHF Radio Modules are intended for short and medium range
wireless dataand telemetry applications, indoors and outdoors.
UDI
Unrestricted Digital Information
UMTS
Universal Mobile Telecommunication System
UTRAN
UMTS (WCDMA) Radio Access NetworkUMTS
Universal Mobile Telecommunication System
VLR
Visitor Location RegisterDN00219181 Nokia Networks Oy 71
(72)Issue 2-0 en Nokia Proprietary and Confidential
-
Nokia EDGE Technical Overview
WANWide Area Network
WCDMA
Wideband Code Division Multiple Access72 (72) Nokia Networks Oy
DN00219181Nokia Proprietary and Confidential Issue 2-0en
Nokia EDGE Technical Overview1 About this document2 Introduction
to EDGE2.1 Benefits2.1.1 For operators2.1.2 For end users
2.2 Required Network Changes2.3 EDGE features2.3.1 8-ary Phase
Shift Keying2.3.2 EGPRS Modulation and Coding Schemes2.3.3
Incremental Redundancy2.3.4 Link Adaptation for EGPRS
3 Base Station Subsystem3.1 Features that enhance EDGE3.1.1
Multi BCF feature3.1.2 Nokia Smart Radio Concept3.1.3 Interference
Rejection Combining
3.2 Base Station3.2.1 Nokia MetroSite EDGE Base Station3.2.2
Nokia UltraSite EDGE Base Station3.2.3 Nokia Talk-family Base
Station3.2.4 BTS downlink combining options
3.3 Base Station Controller
4 Network Switching Subsystem4.1 MSC/HLR4.1.1 EGPRS support
5 GPRS Core6 Network evolution6.1 Voice Evolution6.2 GERAN
Evolution6.2.1 Phase 16.2.2 Phase 2
7 Nokia NetAct Operations Support System7.1 Nokia NetAct support
for EDGE7.1.1 Planning, building, and optimising GSM/EDGE radio
network7.1.2 GSM/EDGE network administration7.1.3 Monitoring
GSM/EDGE-related network problems7.1.4 Measuring and reporting for
GSM/EDGE7.1.5 Service monitoring with Nokia NetAct Service Quality
Manager
7.2 Open interfaces in Nokia NetAct7.3 Hardware solution
8 Transmission8.1 Dynamic Abis
9 Terminals10 EDGE Network Planning Service10.1 Radio network
planning10.2 Core network planning10.3 Cellular transmission
network planning10.3.1 Pre-planning10.3.2 Nominal planning of
cellular transmission solutions10.3.3 Detailed planning of cellular
transmission solutions
10.4 Transport network planning
Appendix A. StandardsAppendix B. Glossary