Ecstasy - kaymichelleweb.files.wordpress.com · On the Brain ~Dopamine causes a surge in euphoria and increased energy and activity. ~Norepinephrine increases heart rate and blood

Ecstasy By: Kayla Kuncheff

“Ecstasy MDMA.” DEA / Ecstasy, Drug Enforcement Administration , www.dea.gov/pr/multimedia-library/image-gallery/images_ecstasy.shtml.

What is it?~Also known as MDMA or Molly, primarily used as a recreational drug

~A central nervous system stimulant

~Enhances sensory perceptions, including color, sound and touch.

~Most commonly used in pill form, or capsule but can be injected, or taken as liquid

~Manufacturing process:

Step 1: Extract safrole from the sassafras plant.

Step 2: Make methylamine hydrochloride.

Step 3: Use the Wacker Process to create MDP2P. (oxidation of ethylene to acetaldehyde)

Step 4: Distill the MDP2P.

Step 5: Incite a reaction between the MDP2P and aluminum amalgam.

Step 6: Crystallize the MDMA oil by combining it with hydrochloric acid and isopropyl alcohol

Maldonado, M.S. in Public Health, Lizamarie. “Ecstasy Statistics.” Luxury.Rehabs.com, luxury.rehabs.com/ecstasy-abuse/statistics/.

“How Is Ecstasy Made?” Sunrise House, AAC, sunrisehouse.com/ecstasy-abuse/how-made.

Orienting Information

~Ecstasy was developed in 1912 by a

German pharmaceutical company,

intended to control bleeding

~Ecstasy started being used in the 1950s,

where it was used to improve mood &

lower anxiety

~The U.S. Drug Enforcement

Administration banned the use of ecstasy

in 1985 due to the potential cause of brain

damage, and the drug is still prohibited

today due to no legal purposes or benefits

of the drug

~Avg. Ecstasy street price

in the US $35.50 per pill,

Europe is $40 and in

Australia $32 per pill

~In some European

countries, it is available for

less than $20 (Most of

Ecstasy in US is

manufactured in Europe)

“Watch Truth About Drugs Documentary Video & Learn About Substance Addiction. Get The Facts About Painkillers, Marijuana, Cocaine, Meth & Other Illegal Drugs.” Foundation for a Drug-Free World, www.drugfreeworld.org/drugfacts/ecstasy/what-is-ecstasy.html.

MacLaren, Erik. “The Effects of Ecstasy Use.” DrugAbuse.com, Leading Treatment Centers, 24 May 2017, drugabuse.com/library/the-effects-of-ecstasy-use/.

“Ecstasy Abuse in Teens | Next Generation Village in Sebring, FL.” Next Generation Village, www.nextgenerationvillage.com/drugs/ecstasy/.

On the Body

● Fatigue

● Insomnia

● Depression

● Loss of appetite

● Aggressive behavior

● Libido issues

● Nausea

● Vomiting

● Impaired judgment

● False sense of affection

● Confusion

● Sleep Problems

“Watch Truth About Drugs Documentary Video & Learn About Substance Addiction. Get The Facts About Painkillers, Marijuana, Cocaine, Meth & Other Illegal Drugs.” Foundation for a Drug-Free World, www.drugfreeworld.org/drugfacts/ecstasy/what-is-ecstasy.html. “Ecstasy Street Prices - The Cost of Getting Into the Party.” Addiction Resource, addictionresource.com/drugs/ecstasy/ecstasy-street-prices/.

● Severe anxiety

● Paranoia

● Drug cravings

● Faintness and chills or swelling

● Muscle Spasms

● Kidney failure

● Hemorrhaging

● Psychosis

● Cardiovascular collapse

● Convulsions

● Death

“Drug Education Series of Posters: Ecstasy.” School Nurse Supply, Inc, www.schoolnursesupplyinc.com/Drug-Education-Series-of-Posters-Ecstasy_p_113.html.

On the Brain

~Dopamine causes

a surge in euphoria

and increased

energy and activity.

~Norepinephrine

increases heart rate

and blood pressure

~Serotonin triggers

hormones that

affect sexual

arousal and trust

~Long term effects on

brain include acute

swelling and atrophy of

Hippocampus tissue in

the brain (One of first

signs of Alzheimer’s

disease)

~Memory loss,

disorientation

“The Effects Of Ecstasy On The Brain.” Narconon - Addiction and Recovery, 4 Dec. 2014, www.narconon.org/blog/drug-use/the-effects-of-ecstasy-on-the-brain/.

Lizmarie Maldonado, M.S. in Public Health. “Ecstasy Statistics.” Luxury.Rehabs.com, luxury.rehabs.com/ecstasy-abuse/statistics/.

Peters, Terri. “Having 'Scary Thoughts' Postpartum? Here's How to Find Your Voice.” TODAY.com, TODAY Contributor, 26 Oct. 2017, www.today.com/parents/speakthesecret-campaign-gives-postpartum-depression-voice-t118046.

On the Population

~The rates of use haven’t changed much in the past several years.

~Use of ecstasy is not gender specific, nor is it specific to

education level or employment status.

~18-25 year olds have the highest user rate.

~Death due to MDMA use on its own is rare.

~MDMA-related deaths are more common, however, it only means MDMA was somehow in the death equation (i.e. other drugs may have caused the fatality, or someone had a car accident due to drinking

and MDMA was also detected, it is considered MDMA-related.

“Ecstasy History and Statistics.” DrugAbuse.com, 24 Oct. 2017, drugabuse.com/library/ecstasy-history-and-statistics/.

“Population Health Case Reports Perspective Series.” National Academy of Medicine, nam.edu/population-health-case-reports-perspective-series/.

“‘Liverpool Teenager Rose Farley Died of Ecstasy, Inquest Hears’ – Liverpool Echo, March 5 2013.” Daniel Johnson, 5 Mar. 2013, danieljohnsontelegraph.wordpress.com/2013/03/05/liverpool-teenager-rose-farley-died-of-ecstasy-inquest-hears-liverpool-echo-march-5-2013/.

On Lifestyle

~If drug is injected, it increases the risk of HIV infection.

~Ecstasy can cause miscarriage in pregnant women.

~This drug can affect your emotions, making you potentially dangerous to those around you.

Abuse, National Institute on Drug. “MDMA (Ecstasy/Molly).” NIDA, www.drugabuse.gov/drugs-abuse/mdma-ecstasymolly.

~It can affect personal relationships with friends and family, since the user will mainly focus on drug-related activities, leaving little time for others.

“How Long Term Ecstasy Abuse Destroys Your Life.” Ecstasyabuse.com, 27 Jan. 2015, www.ecstasyabuse.com/blog/addiction/how-long-term-ecstasy-abuse-destroys-your-life/.

“Very Angry Emoji.” Emoji Island, emojiisland.com/products/very-angry-emoji-icon.

“Ecstasy: Worth Raving About?” Samples, Reality Bites, galileo.org/schools/strathmore/rave/samples.html.

On Quality of Life

~If used consistently, the brain’s neurons are damaged, which can cause change in appetite and sex drive, therefore negatively affecting the quality of life.

~Chronic use in high doses can alter your brain structure.

~Can cause long term effects of neurotoxicity, affecting the nervous system.

~Users often have a lack of social interaction.

“The Effects on Your Lifestyle.” Ecstasy, exctasyeffects.weebly.com/the-effects-on-your-lifestyle.html.

“Drug Abuse | Effects of Ecstasy Abuse.” Narconon International, Narconon, www.narconon.org/drug-abuse/ecstasy-effects.html.

“TAKING A CLOSER LOOK: SOCIAL INTERACTIONS & ACCOMMODATIONS.” ADHD: Accommodation Strategies to Enhance Learning & Social Interactions, Weebly , adhdandlearning.weebly.com/taking-a-closer-look-social-interactions--accommodations.html.

On Reputation/Career

~Missed deadlines.

~Can lead to losing your job, which increases the financial burden that already exists from buying the drug.

~Abusers ignore their responsibilities at work.

~Many users arrive late or skip work altogether.

~Low productivity levels.

“How Long Term Ecstasy Abuse Destroys Your Life.” Ecstasyabuse.com, 27 Jan. 2015, www.ecstasyabuse.com/blog/addiction/how-long-term-ecstasy-abuse-destroys-your-life/.Hranleh, Dinpuii. “The Science Behind Ecstasy.” Yaabot, 13 Sept. 2016, www.yaabot.com/23803/the-science-behind-ecstasy/.

“Stock Vector By Kchung.” Bigstock, Shutterstock, www.bigstockphoto.com/image-70094251/stock-vector-past-due-stamp-on-manila-envelope.

On Personal Economics

~Lost perspective on how much money is being spent on the drug.

~Other bills may get neglected so more drugs can be purchased.

~Failure to pay bills may lead to homelessness.

~Some may resort to illegal activities like burglary or prostitution to support their habit.

~Some borrow money from family members, causing more strain on their relationships.

“How Long Term Ecstasy Abuse Destroys Your Life.” Ecstasyabuse.com, 27 Jan. 2015, www.ecstasyabuse.com/blog/addiction/how-long-term-ecstasy-abuse-destroys-your-life/.

Mark Lamendola | Oct 27, 2015. “Overdue Invoices.” Electrical Construction & Maintenance (EC&M) Magazine, 27 Oct. 2015, www.ecmweb.com/electrical-testing/overdue-invoices.

DeMask, Ed. “Seattle-Based DESC Uses EcoRaider® to Control Bed Bugs in Homeless Shelters.” EcoRaider Natural Bed Bug Killer, Ed DeMask Https://Ecoraiderusa.com/Wp-Content/Uploads/2016/05/EcoRaider-Logo_340.Png, 24 Feb. 2017, ecoraiderusa.com/12080-2/.

On Crime~Possession is a felony offense and can result in facing a sentence of a $15,000 fine and up to 10 years of prison, or both

~1 gram of ecstasy (about 3 pills) today is considered to equal 500 grams of marijuana

~Being caught with 200 grams of ecstasy results in at least 6 years in jail

“Legal Consequences of Ecstasy Use.” Ecstasyabuse.com, 9 Dec. 2014, www.ecstasyabuse.com/blog/addiction/legal-consequences-of-ecstasy-use/.

“Grabel & Associates.” Michigan Drug Crime Attorney, www.michigan-drug-attorney.com/ecstasy-crimes.html. “Cops.” Binge Watch Like A Pro!, 14 Jan. 2017, bingeout.com/cops/.

On Medical Policy

~In 2011, 22,498 people visited the Emergency Department from ecstasy use (Majority of these people 18-29)

~These visits have more than doubled since 2004

~Hyperthermia & hyponatremia (low sodium level in blood) are the most commonly reported causes of deaths from ecstasy

~Have been multiple reports of suicide and deaths due to car accidents while driving under the influence of ecstasy

Lizmarie Maldonado, M.S. in Public Health. “Ecstasy Statistics.” Luxury.Rehabs.com, luxury.rehabs.com/ecstasy-abuse/statistics/.

Brande, Lauren. “Snorting MDMA (Ecstasy).” DrugAbuse.com, 21 Dec. 2016, drugabuse.com/library/snorting-mdma-ecstasy/.

“Kip Piper.” Piper Report, 31 Aug. 2014, piperreport.com/blog/2014/08/31/hospital-emergency-room-use-in-medicaid-what-we-know/.