Ecosystems. What is a system? It is a collection of elements that interact with each other over a period of time to function as a whole. Think-Pair-Share.

Ecosystems

What is a system?

It is a collection of elements that interact with each other over a period of time to function as a whole.

Think-Pair-ShareWith your group, name as many systems as you possibly can.

Types of Systems

• Doughnut shop• Rainforest• Solar System• Sound System• Photosynthesis• Game System• School System• Government• Body System• TV• Life Cycle

• Farming• Water Cycle• Company• GPS• Atoms• Electricity• Ecosystems• Watch• Cell phone• Clock • Car

What is an ecosystem?Ecosystem- biotic (living) and abiotic (nonliving) interacting together in the environment.

Abiotic factors include:• Temperature• Water • Sunlight• Soil • Atmosphere

There are many types of ecosystems on Earth, including forests, deserts, grasslands, rivers, beaches, and coral reefs

There are two main types of ecosystems:– Terrestrial (land) – Aquatic (water)

What are ecosystems made of?• Producers (can make its own food)• Consumers (can not make its own food)– Herbivore: plant eaters– Carnivores: meat eaters– Omnivores: plant and meat eaters– Decomposers: breaks down dead organisms

Every ecosystem is made of:

Population• Population is all the

organisms of the same species that live in the same area at the same time.

Community• Community is all the

populations living in the same area at the same time.

Think-Pair-Share

With the people at your table, you are to sort the cards the organisms into the correct consumable group.

Please raise your hand when your group is finished

Transferring Energy• Not only can energy be converted (changed)

from one form to another, it can also be transferred from one organism to another.

• The transfer of energy takes place in an ecosystem when one organism eats another.

• Models that are used to describe these energy transfers are called:– Energy Pyramid – Food Webs

Food Webs

• Show the relationship that organisms share within a food chain.

• The arrows pointing the organisms show that it is consumed (eaten) by that organism.

Energy Pyramid• An energy pyramid shows

how much energy is available to organisms at each level of a food web.

• Some energy is used up by the organisms at each level.

• Resulting to less and less energy available at each level.

BiomesEcosystems that have similar climates and contain similar plants are grouped into biomes.• Taiga• Tundra• Desert• Tropical Rainforest• Grassland• Temperate/ Deciduous Forest• Freshwater• Salt Water• Estuaries

Taiga Tundra

Desert Tropical Rainforest

GrasslandDeciduous

(Temperate) Forest

Freshwater Salt Water

EstuariesIs a mixture of freshwater and saltwater.

Plant Adaptation

• All living things respond, or react, to their environment.

• No organism can survive if it can’t respond to major changes in its environment.

• A plant doesn’t respond to everything but it does respond to certain stimulus such as:– Light– Heat– Gravity

Tropism

• Plants grow, reproduce and shift their position of their roots, stems, and leaves in response to environmental conditions such as gravity, sunlight, temperature and day length.

• Plants turning or bending movement toward or away from the external stimulus such as light, heat, or gravity

• If positive tropism, plant grows towards stimulus. If negative, the plant grows away from the stimulus

Tropisms

• Hydrotropism: Roots grow toward the water• Geotropism: A root grows down• Phototropism: Leaves turn toward the light

Phototropism

Gravitropism• Gravitropism is an

adaptation that makes sure a plant’s roots grow down into the soil and the stems grow up.

• If the plants did not respond to stimulus of gravity, they would not be able to grow from seeds.

Dormancy and Tropism

Dormancy

• Period of inactivity in a mature seed prior to germination

• Seed remains dormant until conditions are favorable for growth and development of the new plant