Economic Development Economic Development in Cambodia: Toward in Cambodia: Toward Pro-Poor? Pro-Poor? By Heng Chou Cambodian Rehabilitation and Development Board Council for Development of Cambodia “Dialogue on Emerging Asian Approaches to Development Cooperation” New Delhi, 05-07 March 2012
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Economic Development in Cambodia: Toward Pro-Poor?
Economic Development in Cambodia: Toward Pro-Poor?. By Heng Chou Cambodian Rehabilitation and Development Board Council for Development of Cambodia “Dialogue on Emerging Asian Approaches to Development Cooperation” New Delhi, 05-07 March 2012. A brief history of modern Cambodia. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Economic Development in Economic Development in Cambodia: Toward Pro-Cambodia: Toward Pro-Poor?Poor?
By Heng ChouCambodian Rehabilitation and Development BoardCouncil for Development of Cambodia
“Dialogue on Emerging Asian Approaches to Development Cooperation”New Delhi, 05-07 March 2012
A brief history of modern A brief history of modern CambodiaCambodia1991 Signing of the Paris Peace
Accord1993 First UN-supervised elections1998 Peace fully achieved and
national unity2003 Constitutional reforms
ensuring political stability
Young country, on fragile foundation, yet firmly moving forward
Characteristics of Characteristics of Cambodia’s economic Cambodia’s economic growthgrowth
An unusual growth An unusual growth performanceperformance
Income doubled during past Income doubled during past decadedecade
Yet benefits unevenly Yet benefits unevenly distributed…distributed…Living standards improved but at
different rates
With growth, inequality With growth, inequality increasesincreases
Inequality driven by rural Inequality driven by rural inequalityinequality
This represents a development This represents a development and legitimacy challenge for a and legitimacy challenge for a democratic governmentdemocratic government
Royal Government of Royal Government of Cambodia:Cambodia:Extending growth to the poor Extending growth to the poor and the vulnerableand the vulnerable
Rectangular Strategy for Rectangular Strategy for Growth, Employment, Growth, Employment, Efficiency and Equity Phase 2 Efficiency and Equity Phase 2 launched in 2008launched in 2008“Although we have managed to reduce
poverty rate … through high economic growth and pro-poor policies … the rural poverty rate remains high. Furthermore the gap between the rich and the poor… remains a challenge.”
“RS II is a long term strategy based on the following fundamentals: ….Third—ensuring equitable distribution of opportunities and the fruits of economic growth.”
Public Financial Management Public Financial Management Reform Program 2004-2015Reform Program 2004-2015
Pre-PFM public finance: allocative deficiency
PFM: improve budget credibility and allocative efficiency
Priority spendingPriority spendingEducationHealthAgricultureRural development
Spending for agriculture (% Spending for agriculture (% GDP 2007-2009)GDP 2007-2009)
Government capital Government capital spending (% of government spending (% of government spending 2007-2009)spending 2007-2009)
Social safety net for the Social safety net for the poor?poor?Recognition of the need for a social
safety netBuilding blocks are still emerging
and fragmented◦Health equity fund for example;
selectively implemented.◦ ID Poor (identification of the poor)
Limited coverage and finance2008 Cambodia Development
Cooperation Forum: consensus yet need for more time and work
Development cooperation: a Development cooperation: a tool for social redistribution?tool for social redistribution?
A changing landscape for development cooperation in Cambodia
Marginalization of ODA?
Growth and increased Growth and increased spending capacityspending capacity