Ecology oikos + ology “study of home” Ernst Haeckel.

Ecologyoikos + ology

“study of home”

Ernst Haeckel

EcologyHow organisms interact with

each other and their environment.

Ecology – the social movement

Individual

Population

Community

Ecosystem

Population Ecology

Winter deer count

Community Ecology

Stream survey

Ecosystem EcologyMeasuring

abiotic factors

Chapter 53 -- Population Ecology

Populations have range

Cattle egret

Populations can increase their RANGE

Populations can be large ……

Populations can be small ……

Iriomote Wildcat

Felis iriomotensis

Inhabits only one small Japanese island

Devil’s Hole pupfish

Cyprinodon diabolis

Devil’s Hole pupfish

The entire habitat for Cyprinodon daibolis.

Devil’s Hole, Death Valley

California Condor(Gymnogyps californianus)

Random Dispersion

Random Dispersion

Uniform Dispersion

Uniform Dispersion

Clumped Dispersion

Clumped Dispersion

Clumped Dispersion

Example: a survivorship curve

Demography

and Fitness

Life History

Life History

Salmon spawning migration

Life History

Salmon spawning migration

Life History

Salmon spawning

Life History

the end

Newly hatched salmon fry

the pay off

Life History

Semelparity

Life History

Breed once and die

Reproductive adult plant

Seedling (life history success)

Agave (century plant)

Semelparous organisms

Life History

Iteroparity

r-selected: Atlantic cod (Gadus)

k-selected: spiny dogfish (Squalus)

r and k selected life history strategies

r

k

k-selected: redwood tree

r-selected: dandelion

r and k selected life history strategies

rk

Population growth

Fur seal population recovery

Laboratory Demonstration of Exponential Growth

Density Dependent Factors

Density Independent Factors

An exponential curve, still on the up swing

Human population growth

Population Structure

Environmental Footprints