Ecology I Population Dynamics Biodiversity Nancy Dow Jill Hansen Katie Sutherland Gulf Coast State College Panhandle Area Educational Consortium 5230 West Highway 98 753 West Boulevard Panama City, Florida 32401 Chipley, Florida 32428 850-769-1551 877-873-7232 www.gulfcoast.edu Biology Partnership (A Teacher Quality Grant)
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Ecology I Population Dynamics Biodiversity Nancy Dow Jill Hansen Katie Sutherland Gulf Coast State CollegePanhandle Area Educational Consortium 5230 West.
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Ecology I Population Dynamics
Biodiversity Nancy DowJill Hansen
Katie Sutherland
Gulf Coast State College Panhandle Area Educational Consortium
• SC.912.L.17.5* Analyze how population size is determined by births, deaths, immigration, emigration, and limiting factors (biotic and abiotic) that determine carrying capacity. (HIGH)
• High Complexity High complexity benchmarks make heavy demands on student thinking. Students must engage in more abstract reasoning, planning, analysis, judgment, and creative thought. These benchmarks require students to think in an abstract and sophisticated way, often involving multiple steps. Skills related to high complexity benchmarks include the following.
• Construct models for research • Generalize or draw conclusions • Design an experiment • Explain or solve a problem in more than one way • Provide a justification for steps in a solution or process • Analyze an experiment to identify a flaw and propose a method for correcting it • Interpret, explain, or solve a problem involving complex spatial relationships • Predict a long term effect, outcome, or result of a change within a system
BENCHMARK SC.912.L.17.5• Reporting Category Organisms, Populations, and Ecosystems
• Standard Standard 17 Interdependence
• Benchmark SC.912.L.17.5 Analyze how population size is determined by births, deaths, immigration, emigration, and limiting factors (biotic and abiotic) that determine carrying capacity. (Also assesses SC.912.L.17.2, SC.912.L.17.4,
SC.912.L.17.8, and SC.912.N.1.4.)
Benchmark Clarifications • Students will use data and information about population dynamics, abiotic
factors, and/or biotic factors to explain and/or analyze a change in carrying capacity and its effect on population size in an ecosystem.
• Students will assess the reliability of sources of information according to scientific standards.
Bell Ringer
• Great White Shark vs Orca • Great White Shark vs Orca
SC.912.L.17.8* Recognize the consequences of the losses of biodiversity due to catastrophic events, climate changes, human activity, and the introduction of invasive, non-native species. (HIGH)
Benchmark Clarifications • Students will identify positive and/or negative consequences
that result from a reduction in biodiversity.
Florida Next Generation Sunshine State Standards
Content Limits Items referring to reduction in biodiversity may include examples of catastrophic events, climate changes, human activities, and the introduction of invasive and nonnative species, but they will not assess specific knowledge of these.
Items referring to reduction in biodiversity will focus on the consequence and not require
knowledge of the specific event that led to the reduction.
Items addressing climate change are limited to biodiversity and population dynamics contexts.
Known species1,412,000 (Estimates range between 3.6 - 100 million)
Species Diversity: the variety of species in an area
Two subcomponents: species richness species evenness
Species Richness vs. Evenness
Species Richness: the number of a species Richness: measurement of then a given areaSpecies Evenness: measurement of how evenly distributed organisms are among species
Community A Community Bspecies 1 25 1species 2 0 1species 3 25 1species 4 25 1species 5 25 96
• Richness (number of species)
• Relative abundance
• How do we describe these differences?
Comparison of Two Communities
Something’s Fishy
• Population study lab– Mark & Recapture
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Loss of biodiversity caused by:
Human-Caused Factors of Biodiversity Loss
Habitat Destruction Exotic Species
Natural Capital Degradation: Satellite Image of the Loss of Tropical Rain Forest
Changes in Biodiversity due to Changes in Biodiversity due to Climate ChangeClimate Change
Die-offs
Extinctions
Life Cycles
Physiology
Coral bleaching die-offs of up to 50% in the Indian Ocean
Golden Toads, Harlequin Frogs, ...
Gothic, CO marmots emerge from hibernation about a month earlier than 30 years ago
The average weight of adult female polar bears has decreased by more than 20% over the last 25 years
Biomes Shift of Alpine biomes up mountains and
further North/South
Migration Multiple areas affected; fish and birds
Endangered and Threatened Species Are Ecological Smoke Alarms
• Endangered species– has so few individual survivors that the species could
soon become extinct over all or most of it natural range– Examples: California condor and whooping crane
• Threatened species, vulnerable species still abundant but because declining numbers they are likely to become endangered
• Examples: Grizzly bear and the American Alligator
Figure 12-3aPage 226
Grizzly bear(threatened)
Arabian oryx(Middle East)
White top pitcher plant
Kirtland's warbler
African elephant(Africa)
Mojave desert tortoise (threatened)
Swallowtail butterfly
Humpback chub
Golden lion tamarin (Brazil)
Siberian tiger(Siberia)
Endangered /Threatened Natural Capital
Figure 12-3b Page 226
West Virginiaspring salamander
Giant panda(China)
Knowlton cactus
Mountain gorilla(Africa)
Swamp pink
Pine barrens tree frog (male)
Hawksbill sea turtle
El Segundo blue butterfly
Whooping crane
Blue whale
Endangered Natural Capital
Characteristic Examples
Low reproductive rate(K-strategist)
Specialized niche
Narrow distribution
Feeds at high trophic level
Fixed migratory patterns
Rare
Commercially valuable
Large territories
Blue whale, giant panda,rhinoceros
Blue whale, giant panda,Everglades kite
Many island species,elephant seal, desert pupfish
Bengal tiger, bald eagle,grizzly bear
Blue whale, whooping crane,sea turtles
Many island species,African violet, some orchids
Snow leopard, tiger, elephant, rhinoceros, rare plants and birds
California condor, grizzly bear, Florida panther
Characteristics of organisms that are prone to ecological and biological extinction.
Investigating Endangered Species
Extinctions Are Natural but Sometimes They Increase Sharply
• Background extinction– Continuous low level of extinction of species
• Extinction rate is expressed as a % of number of species that can go extinct within a certain time period
• Mass extinction: – The extinction of many species in a relatively short period of
geological time
– Five mass extinction (50-95%)
– Causes: global climate change, large scale catastrophe like asteroid hitting earth
There have been 5 mass extinction events during the history of the earth
Extinction
Are we on the verge of a 6th?
+ and – consequences of biodiversity loss
• Biodiversity contributes to many aspects of human well-being, for instance by providing raw materials and contributing to health.
• Biodiversity loss has-direct and indirect negative effects on several factors including food security, vulnerability, health as well as energy security and clean water.
All things come from earth, and to earth they all return. MENANDER (342 –290 B.C.)
Follow up
• Q & A • Wanted Poster- Invasive Species • Endangered Species Poster