ECOLOGY. Distribution Limits Define and give examples Abiotic factors Biotic factors.

ECOLOGY

Distribution Limits

Define and give examples

Abiotic factors

Biotic factors

ex. wind, rocks, temperature, climate, water, elevation, light ----- NON-LIVING

LIVING - ex. pathogens, predators, parasites, decomposers, symbiotic relationships

http://biology.mhc.edu/forests/biomes.htg/biomes.jpg

Distribution Limits: BiomesProvide brief description of each biome

Tundra

Taiga

Grasslands

< 13 cm; animals adapted to cold; mosses & low-lying plants.

animals adapted to cold; shows more diversity than tundra; rainfall 30-85 cm

herbivore; different ranges but generally low (10-90 cm)

Distribution Limits: Biomes

Temperate deciduous forest

Tropical rainforest

Desert

Aquatic – intertidal, ocean, freshwater…

deciduous trees; good animal diversity; 75-150 cm; seasons

wet (over 150 cm) ; various layers to plant life; most biodiversity of organisms

less than 25 cm; not all are hot; nocturnal predominate; water-storing plants

Check Your Understanding

Match the following pictures to the biome.

www.teachersfirst.com/ lessons/biomes/biomes.html

A

B

C

D

E

F

TDF

DESERT

TUNDRA

GRASSLANDS

TAIGA

TRF

Population Growthr(reproductive rate) = births-deaths

NN = size of population

Density

Dispersion

Define and provide examples

# of individuals per unit of area; space

Spacing patterns among populations: clumped, uniform, random

Population GrowthBiotic potential

Carrying capacity

Limiting factorsDensity-dependentDensity-independent

Define and provide examples

Under ideal conditions - the amount of individuals an area can support.

Maximum population of an area w/o habitat degradation.

Population GrowthAge structure

Which diagram represents ZPG/decline?Rapid growth vs. slow growth?

Population Growth & RegulationLife History

Semelparity

Iteroparity

Survivorship curvesType I = k-strategist (selection)Type II = randomType III = r-strategist (selection)

Define and provide examples

Survivorship Curves

A.

B.

C.

Relative Age

Num

ber

of s

urvi

vors

Species InteractionsInterspecific competition

Competitive exclusion principle (Gause)

Resource partitioning

Character displacement

Realized niche vs. fundamental niche

Define and provide examples

Interspecific Competition

PredationTrue predation

Parasitism

Parasitoid

Herbivory

Define and provide examples

Interspecific Competition

Symbiosis – sym = together, bio=lifeMutualism

Commensalism

(Parasitism

Define and provide examples

Interspecific Competition

CoevolutionMorphological defenses

Secondary compounds

Camouflage

Aposematic coloration

Mimicry

Műllerian

Batesian

Define and provide examples

Community Structure & GrowthEcological Succession

Primary

Secondary

http://www.geo.arizona.edu/Antevs/nats104/00lect20sucn2.gif

Describe the changes that occur from left to right in the picture?

If the original plot was plowed, is this primary or secondary succession?

Biogeochemical Cycles

Consist of same basic structure/parts:Major chemicals

Reservoir/storage

Assimilation (into organisms)

Release (from organisms)For each cycle that follows provide an

example of the information above.

Water cycle

Major chemicals ….water (duh!)

Reservoir/storage

Assimilation (into organisms)

Release (from organisms)

Water Cycle

http://www.marietta.edu/~biol/102/ecosystem.html

Carbon Cycle

Major chemicals

Reservoir/storage

Assimilation (into organisms)

Release (from organisms)

Carbon cycle

http://www.safeclimate.net/business/images/understanding_carboncycle.jpg

Nitrogen Cycle

Major chemicals

Reservoir/storage

Assimilation (into organisms)

Release (from organisms)

http://msucares.com/crops/soils/images/nitrogen.gif

Phosphorus Cycle

Similar to others but does not have an atmospheric component.

See pg. 1212 for details.

Energy Flow

Trophic levels –define and provide examples.

Primary

Secondary

Tertiary/quaternary

Ecological PyramidsEnergy-Why is a percentage of energy lost as you ascend the pyramid?

http://www.mesa.edu.au/friends/seashores/images/energy_pyramid.gif

Ecological PyramidsBiomass – Why does the biomass pyramid reflect the same trend as the energy pyramid?

http://www.niles-hs.k12.il.us/jacnau/chpt545.jpg

Following the Flow

Food chains – Create a simple, but specific example.

Food webs - Create a simple example using at least 10 organisms.