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Ecology and evolu.on of the Cys.c Fibrosis lung microbiome Heather Maughan 1 , Yunchen Gong 2 , Pauline Fung 2 , Pauline Wang 2 , David M. Hwang 3 , David S. Gu<man 1,2 1 Cell & Systems Biology 2 Centre for Analysis of Genome EvoluIon and FuncIon 3 University Health Network University of Toronto
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Ecology and evoluon of the Cysc Fibrosis lung microbiomehmpdacc.org/doc/Heather Maughan.pdf · Ecology and evoluon of the Cysc Fibrosis lung microbiome Heather Maughan1, Yunchen Gong

Aug 17, 2019

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Page 1: Ecology and evoluon of the Cysc Fibrosis lung microbiomehmpdacc.org/doc/Heather Maughan.pdf · Ecology and evoluon of the Cysc Fibrosis lung microbiome Heather Maughan1, Yunchen Gong

Ecology and evolu.on of the Cys.c Fibrosis lung microbiome 

Heather Maughan1, Yunchen Gong2, Pauline Fung2, Pauline Wang2, David M. Hwang3, David S. Gu<man1,2  

1Cell & Systems Biology 2Centre for Analysis of Genome EvoluIon and FuncIon 

3University Health Network University of Toronto 

Page 2: Ecology and evoluon of the Cysc Fibrosis lung microbiomehmpdacc.org/doc/Heather Maughan.pdf · Ecology and evoluon of the Cysc Fibrosis lung microbiome Heather Maughan1, Yunchen Gong

CysIc Fibrosis and lung airways 

Page 3: Ecology and evoluon of the Cysc Fibrosis lung microbiomehmpdacc.org/doc/Heather Maughan.pdf · Ecology and evoluon of the Cysc Fibrosis lung microbiome Heather Maughan1, Yunchen Gong

CysIc Fibrosis and lung airways 

Page 4: Ecology and evoluon of the Cysc Fibrosis lung microbiomehmpdacc.org/doc/Heather Maughan.pdf · Ecology and evoluon of the Cysc Fibrosis lung microbiome Heather Maughan1, Yunchen Gong

MulIple microbes inhabit CF lungs 

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Burkholderia spp.  Staphylococcus aureus 

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia 

Haemophilus influenzae 

http://medicalsciences.wordpress.com/2009/09/07/infectious-disease-nosocomial-pathogens/

http://www.gefor.4t.com/concurso/bacteriologia/burkholderiacepacia1.jpg http://www.healthhype.com/staphylococcus-aureus.html

http://www.microbelibrary.org/microbelibrary/files/ccImages/Articleimages/Atlas-Mac/Stenotrophomonas%20maltophilia%20fig20.jpg

http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/Hib/Pages/Introduction.aspx

Known from culturing and some molecular characteriza.on 

Aspergillus 

Page 5: Ecology and evoluon of the Cysc Fibrosis lung microbiomehmpdacc.org/doc/Heather Maughan.pdf · Ecology and evoluon of the Cysc Fibrosis lung microbiome Heather Maughan1, Yunchen Gong

10 

20 

30 

40 

50 

60 

70 

<1  2 to 5  6 to 10  11 to 17  18 to 24  25 to 34  35 to 44  45+ 

Percen

t prevalence 

Age 

P. aeruginosa 

S. aureus 

H. influenzae 

BCC 

S. maltophilia 

Aspergillus 

P. aeruginosa 

S. aureus 

Aspergillus 

S. maltophilia 

H. influenzae 

BCC 

• Determine how abundances are influenced by clinical treatments 

• Iden.fy genes encoding clinically relevant traits (e.g., an.bio.c resistance) 

• Determine how species interac.ons influence disease progression 

0.2 

0.4 

0.6 

0.8 

1.2 Cum

ula.ve percent m

ortality 

50% 

100% 

Microbial abundances are dynamic 

Page 6: Ecology and evoluon of the Cysc Fibrosis lung microbiomehmpdacc.org/doc/Heather Maughan.pdf · Ecology and evoluon of the Cysc Fibrosis lung microbiome Heather Maughan1, Yunchen Gong

Study 

• Longitudinal sampling of sputum and lung explant specimens • 15 lung explants per year • 3‐4 sputum samples from 600 adult and child paIents per year 

• Characterize diversity of bacterial and fungal communiIes • baseline lung funcIon and acute pulmonary exacerbaIons 

• Characterize fine scale populaIon diversity in major pathogens           (P. aeruginosa, Aspergillus) 

• Characterize anIbioIc resistance potenIal of microbial community 

• Characterize metabolic potenIal of microbial community (metatranscriptomics) 

Leah Cowen, Alan Davidson, Keiran O’Doherty, John Parkinson, Liz Tullis, Valerie Waters, Yvonne Yau 

Page 7: Ecology and evoluon of the Cysc Fibrosis lung microbiomehmpdacc.org/doc/Heather Maughan.pdf · Ecology and evoluon of the Cysc Fibrosis lung microbiome Heather Maughan1, Yunchen Gong

Study 

• Longitudinal sampling of sputum and lung explant specimens • 15 lung explants per year • 3‐4 sputum samples from 600 adult and child paIents per year 

• Characterize diversity of bacterial and fungal communiIes • baseline lung funcIon and acute pulmonary exacerbaIons 

• Characterize fine scale populaIon diversity in major pathogens           (P. aeruginosa, Aspergillus) 

• Characterize anIbioIc resistance potenIal of microbial community 

• Characterize metabolic potenIal of microbial community (metatranscriptomics) 

Leah Cowen, Alan Davidson, Keiran O’Doherty, John Parkinson, Liz Tullis, Valerie Waters, Yvonne Yau 

Page 8: Ecology and evoluon of the Cysc Fibrosis lung microbiomehmpdacc.org/doc/Heather Maughan.pdf · Ecology and evoluon of the Cysc Fibrosis lung microbiome Heather Maughan1, Yunchen Gong

Workflow of 16S rDNA targeted sequencing 

8 lanes per run 

• ClassificaIon of reads using RDP Classifier (Wang et al. 2007) • Comparison between communiIes • AssociaIons between community composiIon and disease 

• Targeted sequencing of 16S rDNA hypervariable regions 

Immune cell Epithelial cell 

Fungal cell 

Bacterial cell  Bacteriophage 

Virus Free DNA 

Whole community DNA sequencing 

Page 9: Ecology and evoluon of the Cysc Fibrosis lung microbiomehmpdacc.org/doc/Heather Maughan.pdf · Ecology and evoluon of the Cysc Fibrosis lung microbiome Heather Maughan1, Yunchen Gong

MASIS: targeted sequencing of V5, V6, and V7 hypervariable regions 

Metagenomic Analysis by Serial Illumina Sequencing 

8x mul.plexing = 64 pa.ent samples per Illumina GAIIx run 

V5  V6  V7 

V5  V6  V7  V8  V9 V4 V3 V2 V1 

Reads: 

Concatenate reads from each strand:  BC    V7     V6 BC    V5     V6 

Page 10: Ecology and evoluon of the Cysc Fibrosis lung microbiomehmpdacc.org/doc/Heather Maughan.pdf · Ecology and evoluon of the Cysc Fibrosis lung microbiome Heather Maughan1, Yunchen Gong

ClassificaIon of sequence reads 

BC    V5     V6  BC    V7     V6 

Remove barcode and concatenate 

Recreate read structure in RDP database by in silico primer binding and read simulaIon 

Determine distribuIon of 8mer words 

AGTCGATC 

AATCGAGG 

AGCCGTTC 

Determine words associated with parIcular taxa 

AATCGAGG‐Pseudomonas 

TATCGACG‐Burkholderia 

Compare words in unknown sequence to words in sequences 

with known taxonomy 

AATCGAGG AATCGAGG‐Pseudomonas Assign taxonomy with highest score 

Wang et al. 2007. Naïve Bayesian Classifier for rapid assignment of rRNA sequences into the new bacterial taxonomy. App. Env. Microbiol. 73:5261 

Unknowns  Sequences with known taxonomy 

Page 11: Ecology and evoluon of the Cysc Fibrosis lung microbiomehmpdacc.org/doc/Heather Maughan.pdf · Ecology and evoluon of the Cysc Fibrosis lung microbiome Heather Maughan1, Yunchen Gong

InformaIon content provided by MASIS 

454  Illumina PE  Illumina MASIS 

millions of reads/run  billions of reads/run 

V5  V6  V7  V8  V9 V4 V3 V2 V1 

~2¢ per read  ~0.01¢ per read 

Inform

aIon

 con

tent 

0.6 

0.65 

0.7 

0.75 

0.8 

0.85 

0.9 

0.95 

V3_454_300bp  V6_454_300bp  V5V7_72PE  V5V7_108PE  MASIS_36bp  MASIS_72bp  Full Length 

Prop

or.on

 of u

niqu

e read

Page 12: Ecology and evoluon of the Cysc Fibrosis lung microbiomehmpdacc.org/doc/Heather Maughan.pdf · Ecology and evoluon of the Cysc Fibrosis lung microbiome Heather Maughan1, Yunchen Gong

TesIng MASIS with known templates 

Controls • one known species, total read length = 114bp (36bp × 4) • laboratory mixed community 

Total Reads  Quality cutoff 

Quality Reads 

Percent Quality 

False posi.ve % 

17,520,529  5 sites < 30  13,530,371  77%  0.08% 

17,520,529  2 sites < 30  9,281,166  53%  0.06% 

17,520,529  2 sites < 33  983,819  6%  0.02% 

17,520,529  2 sites < 35  45,709  0.3%  0.006% 

Page 13: Ecology and evoluon of the Cysc Fibrosis lung microbiomehmpdacc.org/doc/Heather Maughan.pdf · Ecology and evoluon of the Cysc Fibrosis lung microbiome Heather Maughan1, Yunchen Gong

Characterizing CF bacterial communiIes 

Sample  #reads  #reads to genus (%) 

629  8,560  3,975 (46%)  

R28148   9,926  4,321 (44%)  

Sputum2   17,025  14,949 (88%)  

647SE   20,510  8,216 (40%)  

D72112   27,036  10,435 (39%)  

545  61,854  59,349  (96%)  

Sputum2Q   77,055  64,219 (83%)  

10‐Aug  84,625  82,766 (98%)  

D71775   105,668  18,332 (17%)  

590  110,307  75,229 (68%)  

712  131,375  72,344 (55%)  

D71277   295,908  292,933 (99%)  

Page 14: Ecology and evoluon of the Cysc Fibrosis lung microbiomehmpdacc.org/doc/Heather Maughan.pdf · Ecology and evoluon of the Cysc Fibrosis lung microbiome Heather Maughan1, Yunchen Gong

CF samples differ in their bacterial diversiIes chao1 diversity

 

Sequences per sample Qiime: Caporaso et al. 2010 

Page 15: Ecology and evoluon of the Cysc Fibrosis lung microbiomehmpdacc.org/doc/Heather Maughan.pdf · Ecology and evoluon of the Cysc Fibrosis lung microbiome Heather Maughan1, Yunchen Gong

Known and novel genera detected Achromobacter

AcidovoraxAcinetobacterActinomycesAnaeroglobusAnoxybacillusArenimonas

BacillusBifidobacteriumBlastococcusBordetella

BrevibacteriumBrevundimonasBurkholderia

CampylobacterCatonella

CaulobacterCedecea

ComamonasCurvibacter

DialisterDiaphorobacterEnhydrobacterEnterobacter

ErwiniaEscherichia.Shigella

EubacteriumFacklamia

FlavobacteriumFusobacterium

GemellaGp3

GranulicatellaHaemophilusHelicobacter

HydrogenophilusKineococcusKlebsiellaKocuria

LactobacillusLeminorellaMannheimia

MassiliaMegasphaera

MethyloversatilisMicrobacteriumMogibacteriumMycobacterium

NeisseriaNeptuniibacterNocardioides

OD1_genera_incertae_sedisOribacteriumParacoccusParvimonasPelomonas

PeptostreptococcusPetrobacterPlesiomonasPolaromonas

PorphyromonasPropionibacterium

ProteusPseudoalteromonas

PseudomonasRahnellaRaoultella

RhodanobacterRoseburia

RothiaSalmonellaSchlegelellaSelenomonas

SerratiaShuttleworthia

SimiduiaSimonsiella

SporobacteriumStaphylococcus

StenotrophomonasStreptococcusStreptomycesStreptophytaTepidimonasThermomonas

TrueperaVariovoraxVeillonellaWeissellaXylophilus S

putumQ

545

647SE

590

712

D72112

D71775

629

10-Aug

R28148

D71277

Sputum

MB

Page 16: Ecology and evoluon of the Cysc Fibrosis lung microbiomehmpdacc.org/doc/Heather Maughan.pdf · Ecology and evoluon of the Cysc Fibrosis lung microbiome Heather Maughan1, Yunchen Gong

Summary & Future Work 

• New MASIS method produces billions of reads per run and sufficient sequence for taxonomic resoluIon to at least genus level 

• Preliminary deep sequencing of CF samples reveals large differences between paIents in bacterial community diversity 

• ConInue 16S targeted sequencing of control communiIes and more CF samples 

• Metatranscriptome sequencing and metabolic reconstrucIon 

• AssociaIons of community composiIon and funcIon with disease progression 

Page 17: Ecology and evoluon of the Cysc Fibrosis lung microbiomehmpdacc.org/doc/Heather Maughan.pdf · Ecology and evoluon of the Cysc Fibrosis lung microbiome Heather Maughan1, Yunchen Gong

Acknowledgements 

National Sanitarium Association

Lijie Yuan Jianfeng Zhang Joan Ouelle<e