Ecological succession

ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION

Presented by: SUMAN MEENA under supervision Mrs. Anju Singh

CONTENTS

1. Ecological succession

2. Steps of succession• Nudation• Invasion• Competition and Coreaction• Reaction• Climax

3. Example of Succession

ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION The replacement of one

community by another until a stable stage is reached is called ecological succession.

Ecosystems tend to change with time until a stable system is formed.

Primary Succession Primary succession

occurs where there was no previous community, such as on bare rock or sand.

Primary succession begins with pioneer organisms.

Secondary Succession When a community is

disrupted and succession occurs again, it is called secondary succession.

Disruption may be from fire, farming, wind, foresting

STEPS OF SUCCESSION

Nudation Invasion Competition and co action Reaction Stabilization (Climax)

This is development of bare area without any form of species.

nudation may occur due to-

TopographicClimaticBiotic

Nudation

Invasion is the successful establishment of a species (Pioneer organisms) in a bare area.

Invasion include the following three steps:

MigrationEcesis (establishment)Aggregation

Invasion

Competition and coactionDue to aggregation of a large no. of the species at the limited place, there develops competition for space and nutrition.

Individuals of a species affect each other’s life in various way this is called Coaction.

Reaction

Reaction includes mechanism of the modification of the environment through the influence of living organisms on it. Due to this very significant stage, changes take place in soil, water, light conditions, temperature, etc., of the environment. As a result of reaction, the environment is modified and become unsuitable for the existing community which sooner or later is replaced by another community (seral community).

Stabilization (Climax)The final stage of succession is called the climax community.

The final community is not replaced and is known as climax community and the stage as climax stage.

Example of ecological Succession

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