Ecography ECOG-01312 Riibak, K., Reitalu, T., Tamme, R., Helm, A., Gerhold, P., Znamenskiy, S., Bengtsson, K., Rosén, E., Prentice, H. C. and Pärtel, M. 2014. Dark diversity in dry calcareous grasslands is determined by dispersal ability and stress-tolerance. – Ecography doi: 10.1111/ ecog.01312 Supplementary material
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Ecography ECOG-01312Riibak, K., Reitalu, T., Tamme, R., Helm, A., Gerhold, P., Znamenskiy, S., Bengtsson, K., Rosén, E., Prentice, H. C. and Pärtel, M. 2014. Dark diversity in dry calcareous grasslands is determined by dispersal ability and stress-tolerance. – Ecography doi: 10.1111/ecog.01312
Supplementary material
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Appendix 1.
Figure A1. Study area. Dry calcareous grasslands in the Baltic Sea region divided into nine
subregions. Modified from Agriculture, Ecosystems and Evironment , Vol. 182, Reitalu, T., Helm, A., Pärtel, M.,
Bengtsson, K., Gerhold, P., Rosén, E., Takkis, K., Znamenskiy, S., Prentice, H. C. Determinants of fine-scale plant
diversity in dry calcareous grasslands within the Baltic Sea region, pp. 59-68, Copyright (2014), with permission from
Elsevier.
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Table A1. List of recorded species (taxa) and their trait values. Species maximum dispersal distance (m) was calculated by applying dispersal function (Tamme, R. et al. 2014. Predicting species’ maximum dispersal distances from simple plant traits. – Ecology 95: 505–513). C, S, R, CR, CS, RS, CRS strategies were fuzzy coded into one quantitative category – S-type with scores being either 0 (C, R, CR), 0.33 (CRS), 0.5 (CS, RS) or 1 (S). Nomenclature follows The Plant List (2010). Version 1. Published on the Internet; <http://www.theplantlist.org> (December 2012).
Species max. dispersal distance (m)
seed weight (mg)
average plant height (cm) strategy type S-strategy
Table A2. Correlations between log-transformed traits (Pearson´s r, nonparametric Kendall method was applied to analyse S-strategy), n indicates the number of correlated species.
max. dispersal distance seed weight average plant height
seed weight -0.08 (n=274)
average plant height 0.10 (n=287) 0.31 (n=270)
S-strategy type 0.09 (n=271) -0.16 (n=260) -0.19 (n=269)
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Appendix 2.
Table A1. Mean maximum dispersal distance (m) of observed and dark diversity in 1 × 1 m vegetation plots in nine subregions (± standard deviation). Results of linear mixed effects model (df=1214).
Subregion Mean maximum dispersal distance (m) LME model
Observed diversity Dark diversity t-value p-value
Västergötland 36.5 ± 13.3 27.3 ± 6.0 -1.8 0.075
Öland 40.0 ± 21.2 25.4 ± 8.4 -12.8 <0.001
Gotland 37.2 ± 16.9 27.3 ± 6.4 -3.0 0.003
Saaremaa 46.7 ± 26.8 30.6 ± 8.6 -14.2 <0.001
Hiiumaa 46.2 ± 18.4 28.5 ± 11.1 -6.4 <0.001
W Estonia 41.6 ± 14.8 31.0 ± 6.6 -6.5 <0.001
N Estonia 38.2 ± 18.2 28.8 ± 7.4 -5.9 <0.001
Izborsk 42.9 ± 16.0 37.5 ± 7.4 -1.6 0.121
Izhora 32.5 ± 11.7 33.8 ± 8.2 1.4 0.173
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Table A2. Mean seed weight (mg) of observed and dark diversity in 1 × 1 m vegetation plots in nine subregions (± standard deviation). Results of linear mixed effects model (df=1214).
Subregion Mean seed weight (mg) LME model
Observed diversity Dark diversity t-value p-value
Västergötland 1.22 ± 0.41 1.06 ± 0.46 -1.2 0.225
Öland 0.95 ± 0.65 1.29 ± 0.37 15.4 <0.001
Gotland 1.38 ± 1.21 1.08 ± 0.43 -0.9 0.380
Saaremaa 1.02 ± 0.38 1.18 ± 0.41 7.1 <0.001
Hiiumaa 0.62 ± 0.17 0.88 ± 0.22 4.8 <0.001
W Estonia 1.29 ± 0.39 1.48 ± 0.39 3.4 0.001
N Estonia 1.61 ± 0.67 1.53 ± 0.39 0.5 0.612
Izborsk 1.66 ± 0.74 2.11 ± 0.32 6.0 <0.001
Izhora 2.56 ± 0.70 2.43 ± 0.49 -0.5 0.590
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Table A3. Mean plant height (cm) of observed and dark diversity in 1 × 1 m vegetation plots in nine subregions (± standard deviation). Results of linear mixed effects model (df=1214).
Subregion Mean plant height (cm) LME model
Observed diversity Dark diversity t-value p-value
Västergötland 33.2 ± 4.3 31.2 ± 3.7 -1.5 0.133
Öland 26.7 ± 4.1 28.0 ± 2.0 6.4 <0.001
Gotland 29.4 ± 5.6 30.2 ± 3.2 2.0 0.045
Saaremaa 32.2 ± 4.6 33.2 ± 4.6 4.4 <0.001
Hiiumaa 28.3 ± 4.2 27.7 ± 2.9 -0.8 0.448
W Estonia 33.4 ± 3.8 36.3 ± 3.1 7.1 <0.001
N Estonia 39.0 ± 5.3 40.7 ± 3.2 4.7 <0.001
Izborsk 40.3 ± 3.3 38.9 ± 2.1 -2.2 0.029
Izhora 45.1 ± 4.2 41.0 ± 2.6 -5.8 <0.001
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Table A4. Proportion of S-strategists (untransformed values) in observed and dark diversity in 1 × 1 m vegetation plots in nine subregions (± standard deviation). Results of linear mixed effects model (df=1214).