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Manuales de Ecografa Clnica
Exploracin Abdominal Bsica
III Curso Bsico de Ecografa en Medicina deEmergencias
Curso Star al Da Madrid 29 31 oc tubre 2012
S. Domenech de Frutos
J. S. Rodrguez Santana
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Principios de ecografa clnica by S. Domenech de Frutos, is licensedunder a Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial-
SinObraDerivada 3.0 Unported License
Usted es libre de:
copiar, distribuir y comunicar pblicamente la obra
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Reconocimiento Debe reconocer los crditos de la obra de la manera especificada por el
autor o el licenciador (pero no de una manera que sugiera que tiene su apoyo o apoyan el
uso que hace de su obra).
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Sin obras derivadas No se puede alterar, transformar o generar una obra derivada apartir de esta obra.
Entendiendo que:
Renuncia Alguna de estas condiciones puede no aplicarsesi se obtiene elpermiso del titular de los derechos de autor
Dominio Pblico Cuando la obra o alguno de sus elementos se halle enel dominio pblicosegn la ley vigente aplicable, esta situacin no quedarafectada por la licencia.
Otros derechos Los derechos siguientes no quedan afectados por la licencia de
ninguna manera:
Los derechos derivados de usos legtimosu otras limitaciones reconocidaspor ley no se ven afectados por lo anterior.
Los derechos moralesdel autor;
Derechos que pueden ostentar otras personas sobre la propia obra o su uso,como por ejemplo derechos de imageno de privacidad.
Aviso Al reutilizar o distribuir la obra, tiene que dejar bien claro los trminos de la
licencia de esta obra
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Captulo 1
LA EXPLORACIN ABDOMINAL
Basada en la metodologa Segura Cabral
S. Domneh De Frutos
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PRINCIPIOS DEL ABORDAJE DEL DOLORABDOMINAL CON EL TRANSDUCTOR
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1. PRIMER TIEMPO DE EXPLORACIN(IJKLM NIOPQKRSQOTNLM MIUJL LVQPTMKJQI L WQVIXIOSJQI SLJLXWI
1.1. Primer corte (1CL/LPI/E) Corte Longitudinal sobre Lnea Para-
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1.3. Tercer Corte (3CL/LMC/HD): Longitudinal sobre Lnea MedioClavicular en Hipocondrio derecho
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1.4. Cuarto Corte (4CL/LAA:LAM/HD): Longitudinal entre Lnea AxilarAnterior y Lnea Axilar Media en Hipocondrio Derecho
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2. SEGUNDO TIEMPO DE EXPLORACIN!"#$%& $#()&*%#&(+%& &",#% %-./(&$#." % 0.-"1")2#." 2%#%10"
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2.1. Quinto Corte (5CT/LM/E): Corte Transversal sobre Lnea Media deEpigastrio
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2.2. Sexto Corte (6C/O/HD): Corte Oblcuo sobre Hipocondrio Derecho
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(Referencias anatmicas de ventral a posterior: bazo y rin izquierdo)
3.2. Dcimo Corte
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(Flancos)
4.1. Undcimo y Duodcimo Corte
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5. QUINTO TIEMPO DE EXPLORACIN
(Hipogastrio)
5.1. Dcimo tercer corte
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5.2. Dcimo cuarto corte
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Completado el Barrido
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Aspectos clnicos de la patologa hepato-biliaraguda
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Indicaciones de la exploracin ecogrfica enfocada hepato-biliar en elservicio de urgencias:
= $J9+,( @+9+1&
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= /42.&6.-1-.' M.C*8+,1' 10%-1'
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EXPLORACIN ECOGRFICA DEL HGADO
Principios fundamentales
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Recuerdo anatmico topogrfico y descriptivo
Aspecto ecogrfico del hgado/' M(6(0O4.( K -. %4 0&+' '%1?.V $(6C1&8. .,(0.4+,+-1- ,(4 91 ,(&8.Q1 -.9 &+dJ4 ^+'(.,(0O4+,(`L '%'
,(48(&4(' '(4 9+'('V /'8* &(-.1-( C(& 91 ,*C'%91 -. i9+''(4L R%..' %41 2+41 ,1C1 M+C.&.,(+,1L -+23,+9 -. 1C&.,+1& 19 6.4(' R%..'8O &(-.1-( -. 93R%+-( ^1',+8+' ( '140&.`L 1%4R%. .4 C.&'(41'6%K -.901-1' K %8+9+Q14-( %41 '(4-1 9+4.19 ^-. 1981 2&.,%.4,+1`L816@+O4 C(-&31 ?+'%19+Q1&'.V7% C1&O4R%+61 '. ?.&* +48.&&%6C+-( C(& ?1'(' K 9+016.48('L KC&(C(&,+(41 S91 6.N(& ?.48141 1,Z'8+,1T C1&1 ?19(&1& .9 &.'8(-. 91' .'8&%,8%&1' -.9 C+'( 1@-(6+419 '%C.&+(&V
b(6(0O4.( ^,(9(& 0&+' '%1?.`L 6*' .,(0O4+,(
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Sono-anatoma del hgado
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Anatoma de Coineaud:. 2(&61 0.4.&19L K C1&1 .9 +48.&O' -. .'8. 4+?.9L '.
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LOS VASOS HEPTICOS
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Triada portal
= X161 -. 91 ?.41 C(&81
= X161 -. 91 1&8.&+1 M.C*8+,1
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Vasos portalesY(' ?1'(' C(&819.' 8&1.4 '140&. -.9 +48.'8+4( M1,+1 .9 M301-(L .'8*4 &.?.'8+-(' -. C1&.-.' 2+@&('1'
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Sistemas tubulares del hgado
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= 7+'8.61 C(&81
= 7+'8.61 1&8.&+19 M.C*8+,(
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Aspecto ecogrfico de los vasos portales
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Apuntes finales sobre las venas hepticas
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Tcnica de exploracin ecogrfica del hgado/9 M301-( .' 91 ?.48141 .,(0&*2+,1 SC(& .I,.9.4,+1T -.9 1@-(6.4L 91 .IC9(&1,+J4 '. &.19+Q1&* -. 1&&+@1
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Cmo describir ecogrficamente al hgado en el informe de laexploracin
]161d(
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2. Corte longitudinal sobre vescula biliar/'8. ,(&8. -.@. +4,9%+& 91 c$# .4 91 C1&8. C('8.&+(&L .9 9J@%9( ,1%-1-(L 91 ?.41 M.C*8+,1 +QR%+.&-1L 91
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3. Corte sobre epigstrio sobre lnea paraesternalderecha(estructuras a reconocer)= Y+016.48( ?.4('(
= YJ@%9( ,1%-1-(
= c.41 ,1?1 +42.&+(&
Lbulo caudado
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Cortes oblcuos en exploracin ecogrfica heptica
( Se realizarn 2 cortes)
Corte transversal-oblcuo (dirigindose hacia hombro derecho), atravs de la confluencia de las venas supra-hepticas
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Cortes transversales en exploracin ecogrfica heptica
( Se realizarn 2 cortes)
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Objetivos de la exploracin ecogrfica del paciente con dolor abdominalsugestivo de etiologa biliar
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3.1 EXPLORACIN DE LA VESCULA BILIAR
Sono-anatoma de la vescula biliar
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Recomendaciones para una ptima exploracinecogrfica de la vescula
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Variantes de normalidad! Y(' 81@+R%.' .4 91 ?.'3,%91 '(4 6%K +42&.,%.48.'L C(& 9( R%. -.@. -.'C9.01&'. ,(4 91'
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Errores comunes al explorar la vescula biliar:
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Hallazgos sugestivos de colecistitis
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3.2 EXPLORACIN DE LAS VAS BILIARESY1' ?31 @+9+1& '. -+?+-. .4 +48&1=M.C*8+,1 K .I8&1=M.C*8+,1V
Va biliar intra-heptica:/4 ,(4-+,+(4.' -. 4(&619+-1- 4( '. ?+'%19+Q1V
Va biliar extra-heptica:
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Tcnica de exploracin:
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3.3 EXPLORACIN ECOGRFICA DEL PNCREAS
Objetivos de esta seccin
!
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Indicaciones de la exploracin ecogrfica delpncreas
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Breve resea anatmica
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DD
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Referencias anatmicas
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Tcnica de exploracin ecogrfica del pncreas
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3.4 EXPLORACIN ECOGRFICA DEL BAZO
Sono-anatoma
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Bazos accesorios
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METODOLOGA DE EXPLORACINY1 2(&61 6*' 2*,+9 -. &.19+Q1&91 .' '+0%+.4-( 91' 10%N1' -.9 &.9(NL .'8( .' ,(6.4Q14-( .4 M+C(,(4-&+(
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4.1 Exploracin del hipocondrio derecho
(espacio hepato-renal o fosa de morrison)
/' 91 Q(41 S-. 61K(& '.4'+@+9+-1-T C1&1 -.8.,81& 93R%+-( 9+@&. +48&1=1@-(6+419
Tcnica de exploracin
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#610.4 .,(0&*2+,1 1 (@8.4.&
Qu hay que intentar detectar?
Imagen real compatible con lquido libre en espacio de Morrison
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Goteras paraclicas
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Ejemplo de lquido libre detectado en gotera paraclica (en este caso laizquierda)
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ED
4.2 Exploracin del hipocondrio izquierdo
(espacio espleno-renal / bolsa de Koller)
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4.3 Exploracin ecogrfica del hipogastrio
Dentro de procolo FAST
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Errores frecuentes durante el desarrollo de laexploracin bajo protocolo FAST
Falsos negativos:
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Falsos positivos:
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El que nunca se debe cometer:
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Captulo 5
GRANDES VASOS ABDOMINALESJ.S Rodrguez Santana.
[email protected]+?(' 0.4.&19.'U! X.,(4(,.& 9(' 0&14-.' ?1'(' 1@-(6+419.' K '%' 8&(4,(' C&+4,+C19.'V
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+42.&+(& ^c$#`
Objetivos especficos.! :.',&+@+& '(4(=1418J6+,16.48. 9(' 0&14-.' ?1'(' 1@-(6+419.' K '%' C&+4,+C19.' &161' (
129%.48.'V
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Aspecto tcnico y de procedimiento.
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! 7. ,(6+.4Q1 91 .IC9(&1,+J4 ,(4 ,(&8.' 9(40+8%-+419.' '(@&. 91 934.1 C1&1.'8.&419 +QR%+.&-1L .4
'% C&(9(401,+J4 1 .C+01'8&+( ^C1&1'10+819 +QR%+.&-(`V
Anatoma de los vasos abdominales.
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-+&.,816.48. -. 91 W(V
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91 W&8.&+1 6.'.48O&+,1 '%C.&+(& ^W57` R%. '+0%. %4 8&1K.,8( C1&19.9( 1 91 W(V
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C.&'(41' 91' 1&8.&+1' &.419.' .'8*4 -%C9+,1-1'V ^\+0%&1 -. 91' WW XX '19+.4-( -. 91 W(`V
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91 ?.41 ,1?1 +42.&+(&
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1@-(6+419.'V
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-. " ,.4836.8&( ,1-1 %41V ^\+0%&1 -. 91' 1&8.&+1' +9+1,1' @+2%&,*4-('. -. 91 W(`V
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,1C1,+814,+1V
SISTEMTICA DE EXPLORACIN DE LOSGRANDES VASOS ABDOMINALES
Objetivos principales.
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/4 .9 '.06.48( '%C.&+(& '. +-.48+2+,1 .9 8&(4,( ,.931,( K 1&8.&+1 6.'.48O&+,1 '%C.&+(& K -.@. 6.-+& .9
,19+@&. -. 91 1&8.&+1 1(&81 1 .'8. 4+?.9 ^C(&,+J4 '%C.&+(&`V
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7. &.19+Q1&*4 XIJKLM TSQXQIOTNLM8148( 9(40+8%-+419.' ,(6( 8&14'?.&'19.' C1&1 ?19(&1& 9(' ?1'(' +9+1,('
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SEGMENTO SUPERIOR
Descripcin ecogrfica del corte parasagital izquierdo abdominal
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1(&81 1@-(6+419V Y1 1(&81 1@-(6+419 4( '. ,(91C'1 19 C&.'+(41& .9 8&14'-%,8(&V
Sono-anatoma del tronco celiaco
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.,(0&*2+,16.48.L 91 1&8.&+1 M.C*8+,1 ,(6Z4 1 91 -.&.,M1 K 1 91 1&8.&+1 .'C9O4+,1 1 91 +QR%+.&-1V /4 %4
"Ep -. 91' C.&'(41' 91 1&8.&+1 M.C*8+,1 ,(6Z4 '19. -+&.,816.48. -. 91 1&8.&+1 1(&81V
/4 ,(&8. 9(40+8%4-+419 '. 9. ?. '19+.4-( ,(6( C&+6.&1 &161 -. 91 W(&81 +46.-+1816.48. C(& -.@1N(
-.9 -+12&1061
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-. 91 1&8.&+1 M.C*8+,1 ,(6Z4 K 91 1&8.&+1 .'C9O4+,1 2(&614-( .9 7#iea :/ YW iWc#a]WV
Resumen grfico de la exploracin ecogrfica del tronco celaco
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^\+0%&1 ( .,(0&1231 '+ '. 8+.4. -. 91 '19+-1 -+&.,81 -. 91 Wb$ -.'-. 91 1(&81`V
Sono-anatoma de la arteria mesentrica superior
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.,(0&*2+,16.48. K1 R%. '+ .9 .R%+C( -. .,(0&1231 -+'C(4. -. -(CC9.& '. C%.-. -+104('8+,1& +'R%.6+1
+48.'8+419V
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1&8.&+1 .'C9O4+,1 R%. 2(&61 .9 '+04( -. 91 01?+(81 '. 1C&.,+1 %4 &.2%.&Q( .,(0&*2+,( M+C.&.,(+,( R%.
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Sono-anatoma de la vena cava inferior
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Manuales de Ecografa ClnicaAccesos venosos y arteriales ecoguiados
A. Girons Muriel
P. Morillas Sendn
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Usted es libre de:
copiar, distribuir y comunicar pblicamente la obra
Bajo las condiciones siguientes:
Reconocimiento Debe reconocer los crditos de la obra de la manera especificada por el
autor o el licenciador (pero no de una manera que sugiera que tiene su apoyo o apoyan el
uso que hace de su obra).
No comercial No puede utilizar esta obra para fines comerciales.
Sin obras derivadas No se puede alterar, transformar o generar una obra derivada a
partir de esta obra.
Entendiendo que:
Renuncia Alguna de estas condiciones puede no aplicarsesi se obtiene elpermiso del titular de los derechos de autor
Dominio Pblico Cuando la obra o alguno de sus elementos se halle enel dominio pblicosegn la ley vigente aplicable, esta situacin no quedar
afectada por la licencia.
Otros derechos Los derechos siguientes no quedan afectados por la licencia deninguna manera:
Los derechos derivados de usos legtimosu otras limitaciones reconocidas
por ley no se ven afectados por lo anterior. Los derechos moralesdel autor;
Derechos que pueden ostentar otras personas sobre la propia obra o su uso,
como por ejemplo derechos de imageno de privacidad.
Aviso Al reutilizar o distribuir la obra, tiene que dejar bien claro los trminos de lalicencia de esta ob
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ndice
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ACCESOS VASCULARES ECOGUIADOS
A.Girons Muriel, P. Morillas Sendn
INTRODUCCIN
G(' 8&(,.-+6+.49(' 81&1 .: 1,,.'( A.4('( 9149( ,.49&1: ,(6( -. A.41' 8&(2%4-1' 8&+4,+81:.'
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Manuales de Ecografa Clnica
Exploracin cardiovascular
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III Curso Bsico de Ecografa en Medicina de Emergencias
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Manuales de Ecografa Clnica. Exploracin abdominal by S. Domenech deFrutos, is licensed under a Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial-
SinObraDerivada 3.0 Unported License
Usted es libre de:
copiar, distribuir y comunicar pblicamente la obra
Bajo las condiciones siguientes:
Reconocimiento Debe reconocer los crditos de la obra de la manera especificada por el
autor o el licenciador (pero no de una manera que sugiera que tiene su apoyo o apoyan el
uso que hace de su obra).
No comercial No puede utilizar esta obra para fines comerciales.
Sin obras derivadas No se puede alterar, transformar o generar una obra derivada a
partir de esta obra.
Entendiendo que:
Renuncia Alguna de estas condiciones puede no aplicarsesi se obtiene elpermiso del titular de los derechos de autor
Dominio Pblico Cuando la obra o alguno de sus elementos se halle en
el dominio pblicosegn la ley vigente aplicable, esta situacin no quedarafectada por la licencia.
Otros derechos Los derechos siguientes no quedan afectados por la licencia de
ninguna manera:
Los derechos derivados de usos legtimosu otras limitaciones reconocidas
por ley no se ven afectados por lo anterior.
Los derechos moralesdel autor;
Derechos que pueden ostentar otras personas sobre la propia obra o su uso,como por ejemplo derechos de imageno de privacidad.
Aviso Al reutilizar o distribuir la obra, tiene que dejar bien claro los trminos de lalicencia de esta obra
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LAS VENTANAS DE EXPLORACIN
Sonoanatoma cardiaca en el paciente urgente
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2 LA VENTANA PARAESTERNAL
2.1 EJE PARAESTERNAL LARGO
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Resumen del eje paraesternal larg
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